Forest Park Special Planning
1. Forest Park Landscape System Planning
Forest Park is a forest landscape as the main body of the land is mostly natural peaks, valleys, woodlands, water, is based on a certain natural landscape resources, the use of special foresting measures and garden art techniques, highlighting the beautiful forest landscape and natural landscape. Therefore, in landscape planning for forest parks, the primary issue is how to make full use of the existing forest vegetation resources, and carry out reasonable transformation and artistic processing of the existing forests, so that the original natural forests and artificial forests can be adapted to the needs of forest recreation and highlight their forest landscape. If you ignore this point, in the forest park in the big construction, adding too many artificial factors, will make the forest park will lose its natural, wild characteristics and advantages.
In the forest park landscape system planning, attention should be paid to the forest road and forest edge, forest open space, forest seasonal phase and perspective line, overlook point and so on several aspects of planning and design.
2. Forest park excursion system planning
The various recreational activities organized in the forest park should be different from the city park, should be combined with the basic landscape characteristics of the forest park to carry out forest camping, picnic, forest bathing and other projects that can not be carried out in the city park, to meet the recreational needs of the urban residents yearning for nature. According to the different recreational activities in forest parks can be divided into: typical forest recreation projects, such as forest camping, picnics, forest bathing, horseback riding in the forest, hiking, nature collection, green summer camps, natural science education, fishing, wildlife viewing, forest landscape appreciation, etc.; general forest recreation projects, such as boating, swimming, cross-country bicycling, hiking, children's games, quiet rest, etc..
Conducting various forest recreation activities has different degrees of impact on the forest environment. Inappropriate construction projects, unreasonable density of visitors will cause damage to the forest recreation environment. Therefore, in the excursion system planning must predict the possible impact of recreational activities on the environment and the degree of impact, so as to use the appropriate methods in the planning, in the operation and management of the development of different measures.
3. Forest park road transportation system planning
Forest parks in addition to the establishment of convenient external transportation links with the main source of visitors, its internal road transportation must meet the forest tourism, forest protection and fire prevention, environmental protection, as well as the forest park workers, production, life and other aspects of the demand. In the road traffic system planning of the forest park, attention should be paid to the selection, direction and guiding role of the excursion road, according to the law of tourists' excursion, organizing the excursion procedure, forming the sequence layout of starting, bearing, turning and merging. Should be combined with the specific environmental characteristics of the forest park, the development of unique mood and characteristics of the transportation.
The forest park should be avoided as much as possible through the local transportation highway. Must pass through, should be set on both sides of the highway 30-50m wide protective forest belt. Large area of the forest park should be equipped with car roads, bike paths, horseback riding and walking trails, according to the nature of its use can be divided into three kinds of roads in the forest park main roads, secondary roads, walking trails. General roads should account for 20/0~3% of the park area, in the intensive activities of visitors can account for 50%~lO%o.
(1) the main road. Is the forest park and the national or local highway connection between the road and the main road in the forest park ring. Its width is 5~7m, the longitudinal slope shall not be greater than 9%, and the minimum radius of the level curve shall not be less than 30m.
(2) secondary roads. Is the forest park to the various functional areas, scenic roads. Width of 3 ~ 5m, longitudinal slope shall not be greater than 13%, the minimum radius of the flat curve shall not be less than 15m.
(3) walking trail. Is a forest park to the attractions, scenery for visitors to walk on foot sightseeing road, should be set up according to the specific conditions of the local conditions. Width of 1 ~ 3m, the longitudinal slope should be less than 18%.
4. Forest Park tourism service system planning
Forest Park tourism service system mainly includes food and beverage, lodging, shopping, medical care, guided tours and signs. Rest, service building location, orientation, height, volume, etc. should be harmonized with the natural environment and landscape. The height of the building should be subject to the needs of the landscape, generally not over the height of the forest trees is appropriate, rest service building land should not exceed 2% of the land area of the forest park. Hotels, restaurants, rest, sanatoriums, playgrounds and other large permanent buildings, must be established in the periphery of the sightseeing area, shall not damage, affect the landscape.
(1) catering. Catering building design should be in line with the relevant provisions of JCJ64-1989 "Catering Building Design Code".
(2) accommodation. Should be based on the scale of travelers and the development of forest tourism, a reasonable determination of the number of tourist beds. Tourist bed construction standards should be in line with the following requirements: high-grade 28 ~ 30 square meters / bed; low-grade 8 ~ 12 square meters / bed. Accommodation facilities in forest parks, in addition to the construction of permanent hotels and restaurants, should focus on the development of forest camping, tents and other temporary accommodation facilities, so as to achieve a combination of permanent and seasonal, highlighting the characteristics of forest recreation.
(3) shopping. Shopping buildings should be temporary and seasonal, and their architectural style, volume and color should be coordinated with the surrounding environment. Tourist souvenirs with local characteristics should be actively developed.
(4) Medical treatment. Forest Park should be established in accordance with the scenic area of health care facilities, in order to tourists in the sick and injured personnel timely rescue. Health care buildings should be harmonized with the environment.
(5) guide signs. Forest Park realm, scenic spots, attractions, out of the population and other places should be set up obvious guide signs. Guide signs of color, form should be set according to the environment of the location, the prompt content of the design.
5. Forest park protection project planning
(1) forest park fire protection. Forest recreation activities, the biggest potential threat to forest vegetation is forest fire, visitors smoking and picnicking caused by forest fires accounted for a large proportion. Forest fires will destroy the forest animals and plants, after the fire wood ash will sometimes be washed into the river so that a large number of fish deaths, forest fires will also make the recreational facilities damaged, the tourists were hurt.
Forest park fire protection measures and methods are:
1) in the planning and design, for the possibility of forest fires in recreational projects, such as camping, picnicking, etc., as far as possible, should be selected in the area of low risk of forest fire. The size of the forest fire danger mainly depends on the composition and characteristics of the forest trees, the degree of closure, the age of the forest, topography, elevation, climatic conditions and other factors.
2) For camping, picnicking and other activities should be designated places and relatively centralized, to avoid visitors arbitrary fire and forest hazards. At the same time, the season of camping and picnic activities should be controlled to avoid the most likely to cause fire in the dry season.
3) in the camping area, picnic area and visitors dense area, should open fire line or camping fire forest belt. The width of the fire line should not be less than 1.5 times the height of the tree. However, from the point of view of the landscape requirements of forest parks, it is more desirable to build firebreaks. Firebreaks should be located on ridges or around roads in campgrounds and picnic areas. Multi-layer compact structure is preferred, and the firebreak should be perpendicular to the dominant wind direction of the local fire season.
4) Firebreaks in forest parks should be integrated with park roads as much as possible, which can protect the main visiting areas from fires in neighboring areas. At the same time, a convenient road system also provides a guarantee for quickly extinguishing forest fires.
5) In the planning and construction of forest parks, corresponding fire fighting facilities and systems should be established. In addition to the establishment of fire prevention forest belt, road system, should also add fire prevention communication facilities, strengthen fire prevention, fire-fighting organizations and fire-fighting equipment management, and more importantly, to strengthen the management of visitors and workers education, strengthen the fire prevention publicity, strict measures to prevent the problem before it occurs.
(2) forest park pest protection. Prevent the occurrence of forest pests and diseases, to protect the healthy growth of forest trees, to give visitors a beautiful forest environment is an important aspect of forest park management. The prevention and control of forest pests and diseases, the main methods are as follows.
1)Under the principle of "appropriate land and appropriate trees", the creation of mixed coniferous and broad forests is a basic measure to maintain ecological balance and control of forest pests and diseases, and more importantly, the realization of disease-resistant breeding.
2) Strengthen forest management. According to different forest types, ecological structure condition, timely use of forest management measures. Timely pruning, nurturing, inter-felling, forest fertilization, attracting beneficial birds and animals, etc., can maintain the best environmental ecology of the forest for a long time.
3) Biological control. The use of natural enemies to control pests, through a series of biological control means, to break the original pests and natural enemies formed between the number of equilibrium relationship, re-establish a new relative balance.
4) physical and chemical control. Physical methods mainly utilize light trapping of pests; while chemical control is only a first aid. In recent years, high efficiency, low toxicity, long residual period, strong endosorption and penetration of fungicides, fumigants, oils and ultra-low volume spraying control technology has advanced.
6. Forest Park infrastructure system planning
Water, electricity, communications, gas and other arrangements in the forest park shall not damage or affect the landscape, and at the same time shall comply with the requirements of safety, hygiene, conservation and easy maintenance. Electrical, water and sewage works supporting facilities should be located in a hidden zone. Forest Park infrastructure projects should try to network with nearby towns, such as proven difficulties, can be partially networked or self-contained system, and create conditions for future networking.
(1) water supply and drainage. Forest Park water supply project, including living water, production water, landscape water and fire water. Water supply can be centralized pipeline network water supply, can also use the pipeline self-flow water diversion, or the use of machine wells for water supply. The water supply source can be groundwater or surface water, and the water quality of the water source is required to be good, which should be in line with GB5749-2005 Health Standard for Drinking Water, and the water source should be located in the upper reaches of the residential area and pollution sources. The drainage project must meet the needs of domestic sewage, production sewage and rainwater discharge. Drainage can generally be discharged by open nullahs, and if there are conditions, culverts should be used for drainage. Production and domestic sewage must be treated and discharged, and must not be discharged directly into water bodies or depressions. Give, drainage engineering design, including determining the water source, determine the give, drainage way, laying give, drainage pipe network.
(2) power supply. Forest park power supply project, should be based on the power conditions, power load, power supply mode, in line with the principle of energy conservation, economic rationality, advanced technology design, to achieve safe and suitable, easy maintenance. Power supply should make full use of the national and local existing power supply, in can not use the existing power supply, can consider the use of water conservancy or wind power supply. Power supply line laying generally do not use overhead lines, must be used when trying to lay along the road, avoiding the center of the scenic area and the main attractions. Power supply engineering design content includes power load calculation, power supply level, power supply, power supply mode determination, transformer (distribution) power plant settings, power supply line layout.
(3) heating. Forest Park heating project, should implement the conservation and protection of the environment, saving investment, economic and reasonable principles. Heat source selection should be the first to consider the use of waste heat, heating mode to regional centralized heat supply. The waste residue, waste water and smoke produced by centralized heating should be treated and discharged according to the "three wastes" emission standards. Heating engineering design for the heat load calculation, heating program to determine the main parameters of the boiler room.
(4) communications. Communication includes telecommunications and postal two parts. Forest Park communications engineering should be based on its operational layout, the number of users, development and construction and protection of the needs of management work, integrated planning, composed of a complete communications network. Telecommunication project should be mainly wired, wired and wireless combination. The planning of postal outlets should be convenient for workers' life, meet the requirements of tourists and facilitate postal transmission. Communication engineering design includes program selection, communication mode determination, line selection, facilities and equipment selection.
Forest park from scratch must first planning, then planning and design, and finally operation and management of the dynamic process.
First planning clear positioning theme: forest parks have level, national, provincial and municipal level, against a clear short board. At the same time for the market and customer demand, relying on the advantages of high forest anion, in order to meet the basic viewing, excursion based on the development of tourism +, recreation +, such as the Shizhu Huangshui National Forest Park to the principle of the six nourishment, will be ornamental, sports, convalescence, culture and other functions to form a recreation project, leading the development of recreation Shizhu.
Planning and design to bursting point, leave white as the main points: for the core customer groups, regional culture in the main nodes set bursting point theme projects, to create a net red to attract popularity; especially children's projects, such as Chongqing Bishan Children's Park. White space is left in the various thematic areas of the future can be expanded again the location of the project, do not need to take up the entire park, in order to meet the sustainable development of the forest park.
Operation requires wisdom + Internet +: through the construction and management of intelligent facilities and management systems to make visitors feel convenient. Make full use of the Internet to publicize and create awareness.
Dynamic upgrading: forest park planning and construction is not a quick fix, it should be combined with different periods of upgrading and upgrading the park to keep up with the times.
Generally speaking, the tourism development of forest parks is planning, planning, design, operation set in one, the four can be integrated and packaged to form the conceptual planning and design of forest parks, to achieve the overall characteristics of the park, you can pay attention to the following:
1, focus on the market segments
The development of forest tourism must pay attention to the market source of the segments. First of all, clear geographic location of the forest park, the main market groups it faces is a first-tier cities, second-tier cities or three or four lines of small and medium-sized cities, whether or not there are foreign tourists, groups of young people, middle-aged people, the elderly or teenagers mostly, to determine the specific source market, for specific objects to match the specific planning products and styles of design to ensure that the characteristics of the tourism product **** counts to win the market reputation! The company's website has been updated with the latest information on the latest developments in the industry.
2, planning heavy creativity
In full consideration of the site's resource characteristics, cultural attributes, based on new, strange, special planning creative products can easily win market recognition. Staggered forest conditions can create variable play space, such as hovering in the air, steel and wood combination of air walking corridor, air cabin, lookout tower and other products, will get the user's favorite. Utilizing the site's existing resources, transforming it into a participatory small commercial spot will also become a hit with tourists. In short, a creative character of the planning must be combined with the current situation of resources, realistic and executable program.
3, planning heavy landing
The nature of the site is the prerequisite for the landing of the planning. Generally for the forest park in the nature of the land belongs to the forest land, the relevant policies and regulations on its development of certain restrictions, 3-5% of the land area can be used for construction and development of land, but there will be a certain area ceiling. The planning process should be clear about the nature of each operational project, which must take up construction land indicators, which do not take up the use of forest land can be used for design. In addition, the planning process of functional zoning, landscape zoning and other characteristics of the construction, be sure to consider the site terrain conditions, the nature of the project road traffic organization, vehicular line of action and walking recreation line of action is best to separate, to reduce interference with each other. Each line of action and can connect various types of projects with each other, to realize the different experiences in the leisure process.
4, design details
Details determine success or failure. Exquisite design not only improves the attractiveness of tourists, but also make up for other shortcomings. For forest park planning and design, can make full use of wood structure, bamboo structure, stone structure and steel structure and other ecological material structure, realize the design of the green environmental protection requirements, the process can also use modern technology to realize sound and light and other forms of expression, to create a phantom forest of modern fashion effect.
Green mountains and green water is the silver mountain
City forest planning combined with the city's characteristics to build in the case of prominent forests should also be the park to create out of the forest, then you can get some of the vinegar tall trees if the city thing some kind of fruit can also be planted in the park of a certain kind of flowers a park should be suitable for all kinds of people children's playfulness of young people's relaxation of the elderly exercise and so on not to the serene. The tranquility of the elderly exercise, etc. Do not be too chaotic forest parks do not create small gardens on the line to be neat and tidy in the case of not very empty so that people feel a sense of security. Also combined with the city's cultural characteristics of the comprehensive highlights but do not put too many elements to find a good positioning of their city to lay.
To have a local or your province's characteristics, to give people a bright eye can attract people.
City forest park planning, the main thing is to promote the green pollution-free can purify the air and the mind, give people a comfortable, lively but civilized environment. After all, the city now attaches great importance to the classification of garbage, the planning should also set up garbage classification points.
In fact, the main thing is still the environment, civilization, characteristics, history, and so on
Forest Park Planning, Forest Park Planning, Forest Park Design - Greenway Creative View - design is more outstanding, Greenway Creative View focuses on the cultural protection and tourism development mode of innovation and research, to provide tourist attractions to enhance the cultural and contextual experience of innovation, cultural heritage, heritage, historical and cultural ancient cities, Cultural heritage, heritage sites, historical and cultural cities, historical neighborhoods, intangible cultural heritage floating touch the bark Ying Du Dian Sen nailed protection and tourism development projects such as planning, planning, design and investment operation consulting full professional services. Suichang County, Zhejiang Province, Wang Cunkou red town project construction of detailed planning, Suichang County, Zhejiang Province, the only mountain village project construction of detailed planning, Yongan Great Wall scenic area key areas of construction of detailed planning, Hainan Yongqing Buddhist cultural scenic area planning, etc. These are very good planning and design programs.