2.ADSL
3.VDSL
4.Cable Modem
5.ISDN
6.Fiber Optic Access Network
7.FTTX+LAN
Classification Introduction
DSL
DSL ( Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) technology is a broadband access technology based on ordinary telephone lines, which transmits data and voice signals separately on the same copper line, and the data signals do not pass through the telephone exchange equipment, which reduces the load on the telephone exchange; and does not require dialing, always online, belonging to the private line Internet access mode.DSL includes ADSL, RADSL, HDSL and VDSL. DSL includes ADSL, RADSL, HDSL, and VDSL, among others.
ADSL
ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Loop) technology, i.e., Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Loop
ADSL Router
Router
Router technology, using frequency division technology, separates low-frequency signals and high-frequency signals transmitted over a normal telephone line. part for telephone use; 3400Hz above the high-frequency part for Internet use, that is, in the same telephone line at the same time to transmit data and voice signals, data signals do not pass through the telephone exchange equipment, direct access to the Internet, so the ADSL service not only can be high-speed data transmission, but also access to the Internet at the same time does not affect the normal use of the phone, which means that the use of ADSL to access the Internet, do not need to pay additional telephone charges. pay additional telephone bills.
Features
High speed: The transmission rate is up to 640Kpbs upstream and 8Mbps downstream, much higher than the dial-up method.
Low Rate: Only charge network usage fee, no internet local call fee.
Excellent function: Provide both telephone and Internet service on one telephone line, telephone and Internet do not affect each other, really make telephone calls and Internet access both at the same time.
Simple installation: In the case of an existing telephone line, as long as you add an ADSL MODEM and a voice splitter, without any changes to the line, ADSL can easily come to your home.
Types
The types of ADSL services can be divided into PPPOE (virtual dialing) mode and fixed IP mode according to the access method, and their respective characteristics are as follows:
PPPOE mode:
You need to use PPPOE dialing software to verify the user's account name and password every time you access to the Internet, which is similar to the narrow-band dialing registration service. The rate of PPPOE method is lower than fixed IP method, which is more suitable for individual users.
Fixed IP method:
Your computer is "always on", as long as you turn on your computer and ADSL MODEM, you can access the Internet, no need to enter the user name and password for verification. The fixed IP method is suitable for small businesses and Internet cafes.
Application
1 ⒈ users for access or change procedures, only need to bring the ID card of the owner of the collector phone and a copy of the ID card and a copy of the operator.
Peak fill out the business application form, please fill out the user application form with a standard font, neat font, clear handwriting.
3 In order to ensure timely installation for you, it is recommended that you fill in the business contact phone number to leave more than two can always find your contact information, so that we can be installed in the shortest possible time for your home.
Sunglasses: We will open the ADSL service for you within 2 working days after your application has been processed.
Be careful that if you don't install it within one month from the date of filling out the application form, it will be considered as an automatic removal of the machine, and if you need to apply for it, please go to the business window to apply for it again.
If the terminal equipment is rented by the telecommunication company free of charge, the property right of the equipment still belongs to the telecommunication company, and the user is required to return the terminal in good condition after dismantling it.
Use
ADSL client connection schematic:
ADSL dialing software setup and usage:
Windows XP ;, the PC graphics operating system launched by Microsoft, is more powerful and integrates the PPPoE protocol support, and our broadband users don't need to install any other PPPoE software, and use the connection wizard directly. Windows XP ; the connection wizard can easily establish their own broadband virtual dial-up Internet files, the actual use of the effect is exactly the same as Windows 9x/Me/NT/2K under the PPPoE, due to a closer integration with the operating system, more convenient to use.
Failure
Simple fault judgment
Modem signal light: (Alcatel ALCATEL as an example)
ADSL - used to display Modem synchronization, the constant green light indicates that the Modem and the same end can be normally synchronized; the red light indicates that the Modem is not synchronized; the flashing green light indicates that the Modem and the same end can be normally synchronized; the flashing green light indicates that the Modem and the same end can be normally synchronized. no synchronization; flashing green light means synchronization is being established.
10BaseT - used to show whether the Modem and the network card or Hub connection is normal, if this light is not lit, the Modem and the computer must not be, when the network cable has data transmission, this light will be slightly flashing.
ATM25--Displays the status of ATM25 port, which is usually not used
Maint--Relates to remote management, which is usually always on
Power--Displays the power supply, which is usually always on
Power--Displays the power supply. -Power display
Hardware failures
⒈ loose connector, broken cable, hub damage, computer system failure - the above failures can be observed by Modem, hub or computer lights to help locate. Replacement experiments on suspected devices.
Peak Modem should be kept dry and ventilated; avoid water; keep it clean. During thunderstorms, be sure to unplug the Modem power supply and all connecting wires to avoid damage from lightning strikes.
If the indicator light is not on, or only one light is on, or the 10BaseT light is still not on after replacing the network cable or network card, the Modem has been damaged, please contact the equipment provider.
SungThe quality of the line --- the distance is too long; the quality of the line is poor; the connection is not reasonable. This can be manifested as frequent loss of synchronization, difficulty in synchronization, or very slow inertial speed.
Be careful to put the devices that need to be connected in parallel, such as telephone extension, fax, ordinary Modem, etc. after the phone port of the ADSL voice splitter; check whether all the connectors are in good contact, and the poor quality of the household line should be reformed or replaced.
Other questions
⒈ apply for ADSL service, my computer whether to buy new parts?
Yes. Because ADSL's speed is very high, the serial port used by the traditional Modem can not support, so to use the USB interface or the user needs to insert a network card in the computer (ordinary ten megabit Ethernet card, the market price of about tens of dollars to about two hundred dollars ranging), the need to install a network card in the computer ADSL Modem is more.
Peake in the use of ADSL to browse the Internet, do you want to charge a phone bill?
No telephone charges. One of the advantages of using ADSL is that the information for browsing the Internet does not pass through the telephone exchange, so there is no telephone charge.
When installing ADSL, do users need to apply for a dedicated telephone line? What are the requirements for the user's computer?
Installing ADSL, users can either modify the existing telephone line or apply for a second telephone line dedicated to Internet access. There is no difference in installation and use. If the existing telephone line is used, the previous telephone number remains unchanged. A normal 586-class computer will do, with no special requirements. Users can use a simple method to determine the suitability of their own computers: computers that can access the Internet with ordinary Modem with fair results can be used to access the Internet with ADSL (but do not require ordinary Modem).
Does sunglasses distance have any effect on the speed of the Internet?
Due to its technical characteristics, broadband Internet access requires a certain distance; ADSL transmission distance should not exceed 3 kilometers; LAN transmission distance should not exceed 100 meters. (All the above distances refer to the distance from the user's end to the switch.)
Be careful to install ADSL is not a lot of trouble, how long can not call?
Installation of ADSL does not need to change the user's telephone line, only a simple jumper in the telephone exchange room, only a few minutes, the user can not notice, so you can make normal calls.
I would like to choose to install ADSL, but I am concerned that the quality of the telephone service will deteriorate. Also, does making a phone call cause the Internet rate to drop?
ADSL equipment has been designed with this in mind, using frequency division multiplexing technology to separate the telephone tone from the data stream (ADSL does not occupy the lower end of the frequency band used for telephone calls) without interfering with each other. In the test of the actual line, the telephone installed with ADSL has no difference with the voice of the ordinary telephone: while transmitting data information, lifting the phone, hanging up the phone and casual conversation, the transmission rate remains unchanged.
Why is it that sometimes ADSL access is not much faster than a normal dial-up MODEM?
The situations that cause ADSL access speed to be slow are as follows: 1) If you visit a foreign site, the access will be affected by the export bandwidth and the configuration of the other site, etc.; 2) Since ADSL technology requires high quality of the telephone line, if the telephone line from the telephone building to the user is disturbed by the external factors at a certain period of time, the ADSL Modem will adjust its speed according to the line quality and the transmission distance. quality of the line and the distance of transmission, the ADSL Modem will dynamically adjust the user's access speed. These two phenomena are similar to those of traditional dial-up modems.
Mean, I am an ADSL user, but sometimes I cannot access the Internet properly, why is this?
ADSL is a technology based on a twisted pair of wires, which are two insulated copper wires wrapped around each other at regular intervals to provide protection against external electromagnetic interference. However, most of the telephone lines on the market are parallel lines, from the telephone company junction box to the user's phone this section of the line a lot of use of parallel wires, which is very unfavorable to the ADSL transmission, too long non-twisted-pair transmission will result in an unstable connection, the DSL light flashes, and other phenomena, which affects the Internet. Because ADSL is a low-frequency voice overlay high-frequency digital signals on ordinary telephone lines, the addition of any device in the connection from the telephone company to the ADSL voice splitter will jeopardize the normal transmission of data, so don't and telephone, telephone anti-theft caller and other devices before the ADSL voice splitter.
Why did my user account password verification fail?
First confirm that the user account password input correctly, pay attention to distinguish between the case of the account number and password, log in again, due to a long period of time not used, the password forgotten or remembered wrong, please go to the Netcom business hall to initialize the password, that is, re-use.
SneakersWhy is the ADSL MODEM connection device not found?
The reason may be that the power of ADSL MODEM is not turned on; there is a problem with the connecting cable between the network card and ADSL MODEM; the corresponding protocol is not correctly bound after the installation of the software, and an incorrect null connection is established when the dial-up connection is created. It is recommended to check the power supply and connecting cable; check the network properties, whether the PPPoE related protocols are correctly installed and bound (related protocols); check whether the network card has a ? No. or! sign, set it to enable the device.
Why do I get a pop-up message when I try to upgrade my PC?
Maybe there is a conflict with some virus firewalls, please disable the virus firewalls when upgrading.
Why does the application form show a list of servers, but I can't log in successfully when I click "OK"?
Please click the server name that appears in the login dialog box, and then click "OK" to login.
VDSL
VDSL (Very-high-bit-rate Digital Subscriber loop) is a high-speed digital subscriber loop, which simply means that VDSL is a faster version of ADSL. With VDSL, the maximum downlink rate over a short distance can be up to 55Mbps, and the uplink rate can be up to 19.2Mbps or even higher.
Cable Modem
cable modem, cable modem, also known as cable modem, commonly known as cable cat, the English name Cable Modem, which was developed in recent years with the expansion of network applications, mainly using the cable network for data transmission.
Broadband
Cable TV companies generally separate a number of 6MHZ channels for downlinking data from TV channels between 42MHZ and 860MHZ. Usually downlink data using 64QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) modulation, the maximum rate of up to 27Mbps, if the use of 256QAM, the maximum rate of up to 36Mbps. uplink data is generally transmitted back through the section of the spectrum between 5 ~ 42MHZ, in order to effectively inhibit the upstream noise build-up, the general choice of QPSK modulation, QPSK is more suitable for noise environment than 64QAM, but the rate is lower. However, the rate is lower. The uplink rate can be up to 10Mbps.
ISDN
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network is a digital telephone network integrating digital transmission and digital switching, abbreviated as ISDN, which realizes the digital signals of subscribers' end into the network and provides end-to-end digital connections, so that the same network can be used to carry a variety of voice and non-voice services. ISDN basic rate interface includes two independent 64Kb B channel and a 16Kb D channel, choose ISDN 2B + D port a B channel Internet access, the speed of up to 64Kb / s, is the general telephone dial-up 2.2 times (if the Modem transmission rate of 28.8Kb / s). If two B-channels are used together through software, the communication rate can reach 128Kb/s.
Bandwidth represents a comprehensive indicator of a monitor's display capability and refers to the number of pixels scanned per second, i.e., the total number of frequency points displayed on all scanned lines per unit of time, measured in MHz. The larger the bandwidth, the stronger the display control and the better the display effect.
The detailed formula for calculating bandwidth is as follows: theoretically, the bandwidth B=r(x); x r(y); x V
r(x) indicates the number of pixels on each horizontal scanning line
r(y) indicates the number of horizontal scanning lines on each frame
V; indicates the refresh rate of the frame per second (i.e., the frequency of the field)
Fiber-optic access network
Fiber optic access network (OAN) is an access network that uses fiber optic transmission technology, i.e., a communication system that uses fiber optic transmission, in whole or in part, between the local switch and the subscriber. Fiber has the advantages of bandwidth, long-distance transmission capability, good confidentiality, strong anti-interference ability, etc., is the main realization of the future access network technology. Most of the FTTX access mode, of which the FTTH mode refers to the optical fiber through the user's home, generally only need a user line. In the short term, the economy is not good, but it is the long-term development direction and the ultimate access network solution.
FTTX+LAN
FTTX refers to fiber optic transmission to the curb, cell, building, LAN is the local area network. FTTX+LAN access mode based on "Gigabit to the community, 100 megabits to the building, 10 megabits to the user", the switch in the area and the local switch to fiber optic connection, the area using LAN cabling, is a fiber optic subscriber network and Ethernet LAN technology combined with a way of access. The user Internet access rate depends on the application rate and the number of use, the theoretical value can be up to 10M/100Mbps. it is mainly applicable to the users of residential neighborhoods, enterprises and institutions and colleges and universities. Through the residential district, senior office buildings and universities and colleges dormitories and other user premises for integrated wiring, individual users or business units can be realized through the Category 5 cable high-speed Internet access and high-speed interconnection.
Access
This is a use of fiber optic plus Category 5 network cable way to achieve broadband access program, the realization of Gigabit fiber optic to the community (building) center switch, the central switch and the building switch to 100 megabytes of fiber optic or Category 5 network cable is connected to the building using integrated wiring, the user Internet access rate of up to 10Mbps, the network scalability is strong, the size of the investment is small. In addition, fiber to the office, fiber to the home, fiber to the desktop and other access methods to meet the needs of different users. FTTX + LAN mode using star network topology, users *** enjoy bandwidth.
⒈ fiber access mode:
A, fiber + LAN access mode (FTTX + LAN)
FTTX + LAN access mode is divided into virtual dial-up (PPOE) mode and fixed IP mode. The characteristics of each are as follows:
Virtual dialing (PPOE) mode:
This service is mostly open to individual users, and the cost is relatively low. Users do not have a fixed IP address, you must go to the designated account opening department to open an account and get the account number and password, ; using specialized broadband dial-up software to access the Internet.
Fixed IP mode:
This business is more oriented to individual users of enterprises and institutions and other customers with local area networks to provide, the user has a fixed IP address, the cost can be based on the actual situation by the point or according to the cost of fiber optic bandwidth billing.
B, fiber optic direct access mode (FTTH)
Users can enjoy the fiber optic bandwidth exclusively, especially for large enterprises and institutions with high-speed Internet demand or group users, the transmission bandwidth in the 10M/100M/1000M.
Business characteristics
Network is reliable and stable: the building switches and the central switch of the community, the central switch and the local switch. switch and the bureau switch are connected to each other through optical fiber. The network is highly stable and reliable.
Low investment and cheap price: users only need a PC with a network interface card (NIC) to access the Internet.
Easy to install: neighborhoods, buildings, office buildings with integrated wiring, the user side of the five types of network cable access, plug and play. According to the user group's demand for different rates, to realize the high-speed interconnection between the enterprise LAN.
Can support a variety of multimedia network applications: through the FTTX + LAN mode can realize high-speed Internet access, telecommuting, distance learning, telemedicine, VOD on demand, video conferencing, VPN and other services.
Cellular broadband individual users **** enjoy a cell exit bandwidth, the number of people accessing the Internet at different times of the day, the rate of sharing is not the same.
Configuration Requirements
Hardware Requirements (Recommended):
CPU: PENTIUM and above
Memory: 256M or above
Network Card: Built-in 10M or 10M/100M adaptive Ethernet card.
Software Requirements:
MICROSOFT WINDOWS XP or WINDOWS2000 or WINDOWS 7 operating system is recommended.
Troubleshooting
Fault (1): Bad tlink indicator on the optical converter
Treatment: The tlink indicator on the optical converter represents the connection status of the network cable, if this indicator does not light up, please double-check the status of the network cable connection, as well as the working status of the computer's Internet card.
Trouble (2): The network speed is too slow, there are intermittent interruptions when connecting
Processing: The problem occurs only on a website, and has nothing to do with the server being accessed.
Finding the problem: Disconnect the site and hook up a test tool that has the ability to send traffic (which is part of the diagnostic process), such as Fluke's Portable Network Test Volunteer, to test the network's utilization, collisions, and error-frame levels to determine if the network is healthy. If the instrument passes the test and only the site is on and off, this is indicative of a typical physical layer failure. Perform a cable link test (including user connection cables), at which point the length test may indicate that the cable is over-length (100 meters for UTP cables and 185 meters for coaxial cables). Exceeding the allowable length specified by the IEEE, this will cause severe degradation of the transmitted signal within the LAN.
Problem solving: add repeaters to the link to limit the cable length to the allowable range. Another solution ; is to use fiber optics instead of cable or coax.
Trouble (3): play online games when the card machine, how to detect their own network speed
Treatment:
1) check to open the region of the web page is slower, such as not slow then you should open the other regions of the web page for comparison.
2) Check if it is the peak time for surfing the Internet and check the web browsing speed in other areas.
3) Check to see if the Internet cafe server or routing **** hedger is working properly, and whether it has been attacked and infringed by viruses.
4) Download software with larger data volume on the nearest broadband ICP to the area and check its download speed. If it is normal, then the problem is mostly caused by the blocking of the ICP server at the other end.