A, CPU failure
1, CPU and motherboard did not have good contact
When the CPU and motherboard cPlJ socket contact is poor, it is often thought that the CPU burned. This type of failure is very simple and common. Its phenomenon is unable to boot, no display, the treatment is to re-plug.
2, CPU operating parameters are set incorrectly
This type of failure is usually manifested in the inability to power on the main frequency is not correct, and the reason is that the CPU operating voltage, external frequency, multiplier frequency is set incorrectly. The treatment method is: first clear CMOS, and then let the BIOS to detect the working parameters of the CPU.
Mismatch between other devices and CPU operating parameters
In this case, the most common is that the operating frequency of the memory does not reach the external frequency of the CPU, resulting in an abnormal main frequency of the CPU, which is dealt with by replacing the memory.
3, the temperature is too high
The CPU temperature is too high can also lead to many abnormalities in the computer, such as automatic shutdown. Possible causes include too much or too little silicone, damaged or aging fans, heatsinks that need to be cleaned, and heatsinks that are installed too loosely or too tightly, resulting in uneven stress.
4, other component failures
When the motherboard, memory, power supply and other failures, it is also often thought to be a CPU failure. The method of determining this type of false failure is very simple, only need to exchange to other host test can be.
Two, memory failure
1, poor contact failure. Memory and motherboard slots poor contact, memory controller failure.
This failure is manifested as: open the host power screen displays "Error: Unable to ControlA20 Line" and other error messages after the crash. The solution is: double-check that the memory is in good contact with the slot, if you suspect that the memory contact is poor, turn off the computer and remove the memory, and then re-installed. Poor memory contact can cause a warning sound at startup.
2, memory error. Windows system running applications illegally accessing memory, too many applications reside in memory, too many active windows open, applications related to the configuration file does not make sense, and other reasons can lead to a lot of screen information about memory error. The solution is to remove the memory-resident programs, reduce the number of active windows, adjust the configuration file, reinstall the system and so on.
3, the impact of the virus. Virus programs reside in the memory, the size of the memory value in the BIOS parameters are modified by the virus, which will lead to the memory value does not match the actual memory size, memory work abnormally and other phenomena.
The solution is: use antivirus software to kill the virus; if the parameters in the BIOS are modified by the virus, the first CMOS short discharge, restart the machine, enter the CMOS to double-check the hardware parameters, correctly set the parameter value of the memory.
4, memory and motherboard incompatibility. In the new computer or upgrade the computer, the choice of the motherboard is not compatible with the memory. The solution is to first upgrade the motherboard's BIOS to see if the problem can be solved, and if it still doesn't help, you'll have to replace the memory.
Three, motherboard failure
With the motherboard circuitry integration continues to improve and the price of the motherboard down, its maintainability is also increasingly low. The common failures of the motherboard are as follows.
1, poor component contact. The most common failure of the motherboard is poor component contact, mainly including poor chip contact, poor memory contact, poor board contact several aspects.
The poor contact of the board will cause the corresponding loss of function, and sometimes there are some strange phenomena. For example, poor sound card contact will cause the system to fail to detect the sound card; poor network card contact will cause the network to be unavailable; poor video card contact, in addition to causing display abnormalities or crash, may also cause the boot no display, and sound an alarm.
2. No display on boot. The main reason for this is that the motherboard is damaged or the BIOS is damaged by a virus, and the data in the hard disk will be partially or completely lost after the BIOS is damaged by a virus, so you can determine whether the BIOS is damaged by detecting the hard disk data.
3, the motherboard IDE interface or SATA interface damage. This kind of failure is generally due to the user with electricity plugging and unplugging related hardware, in order to ensure computer performance, it is recommended to replace the motherboard to be completely resolved.
4, BIOS parameters can not be saved. This kind of failure is generally due to the motherboard battery voltage caused by insufficient, only need to replace the battery can be.
5, the computer crashes frequently, even during BIOS setup. In the BIOS setup when the phenomenon of death, generally is the motherboard or CPU problems, only to replace the motherboard or CPU. such failure is generally due to poor heat dissipation caused by the motherboard.
If you touch the motherboard components around the CPU after the computer has crashed and find that the temperature is very high, it means that there is a heat dissipation problem and you need to clean the heatsink or replace the high-power fan.
Four, graphics card failure
Graphics card failure is more difficult to diagnose, because the graphics card malfunction, often can not get the necessary diagnostic information from the screen. Common graphics card failures are as follows.
1, boot no display. Such failures are generally due to poor contact between the graphics card and the motherboard or the motherboard slot has a problem caused by the only need to clean. For some integrated graphics card motherboard, if the video memory *** with the main memory, you need to pay attention to the location of the memory, generally in the first memory slot should be inserted with memory.
2, the display color is not normal. This type of failure is generally due to poor contact between the graphics card and the monitor signal line or physical damage to the graphics card. The solution is to re-plug the signal cable or replace the graphics card. In addition, it may also be the cause of the monitor.
3, crash. This kind of failure is generally seen in the motherboard and graphics card incompatibility or poor contact between the motherboard and graphics card, then you need to replace the graphics card or re-plugging.
4, the screen, the failure to show the screen after the boot, can not read the words. This type of failure may be caused by improperly set monitor resolution. Treatment is to enter the safe mode of Windows, reset the display mode of the monitor can be. May also be due to the graphics card display chip heat dissipation or low memory speed, need to improve the cooling performance of the graphics card or replace the graphics card.
Five, hard disk failure
More than 40% of the computer system failure is caused by hard disk failure. As the capacity of the hard disk is getting bigger and bigger, the speed is getting faster and faster, the probability of hard disk failure is also getting higher and higher.
Hard disk damage is not as replaceable as other hardware, because the hard disk is generally stored on the user's important information, once a serious irreparable failure, the loss will be incalculable. Common hard disk failures are as follows.
1, Windows initialization crash. This situation is more complicated, first of all, you should rule out the possibility of problems with other components, such as system overheating or virus damage, etc. If you finally determine that the hard disk failure, you should quickly back up the data.
2, run the program error. After entering Windows, running the program error, while running the disk scanning program slow stagnation or even crash. If you exclude the software side of the setup problem, you can be sure that the hard disk has a physical failure, can only be resolved by replacing the hard disk or hide hard disk sectors.
3, disk scanning program found errors or even bad sectors. Hard disk bad channel is divided into logical bad channel and physical bad channel two kinds: the former is logical failure, usually caused by improper operation or improper use of software, you can use the software to repair; the latter is a physical failure, indicating that the hard disk magnetic channel produced physical damage, can only be resolved by replacing the hard disk or hide hard disk sectors.
For logical bad sectors, Windows comes with a "disk scanning program" is the most simple and commonly used means to solve the problem. For physical bad sectors, you can use some disk software to separate them into a single sector and hide them so that the magnetic head doesn't have to read them again, which can extend the life of the hard drive to a certain extent. In addition to this, there are many excellent third-party repair tools such as Partition Magic.
4. Zero-channel damage. Zero track corruption is manifested in the boot self-test, the screen displays "HDD Controller Error", and then crashes. When the zero-track is damaged, it is generally difficult to repair, only to replace the hard disk.
5, BIOS can not identify the hard disk. BIOS suddenly can not identify the hard disk, or even if you can identify, but also can not use the operating system to find the hard disk, this is the most serious failure.
The specific method is to first check whether the hard disk data cable and power cord is correctly installed; secondly, check whether the jumper settings are correct, if an IDE cable connected to a double hard disk (or a hard disk a CD-ROM drive), whether the two are set to the master disk or two are set to the slave disk; and finally, check whether the IDE interface or the SATA interface is malfunctioning.
If the problem is still not solved, it can be concluded that the hard disk has a physical failure, need to replace the hard disk.
Six, optical drive failure
The most common failure of the optical drive is mechanical failure, followed by circuit failure. Circuit failures caused by improper user adjustments to the fault than the component damage caused by the fault is much more, so the user in the disassembly or maintenance of optical drive equipment, do not casually adjust the various potentiometers inside the optical drive, to prevent collision and static electricity on the internal components of the optical drive damage. Common optical drive failures are as follows.
1, the boot can not detect the optical drive. At this point, you can first check whether the optical drive jumper is correct; then check the optical drive IDE interface or SATA interface is poorly plugged; finally, the optical drive cable may be damaged, just replace it.
2, in and out of the box failure. This type of failure is manifested in the in and out of the box or in and out of the box is not smooth. If the failure is caused by poor contact with the in and out of the box motor pin or motor burned, can only be replaced by re-insertion. If the failure is caused by the in and out of the box mechanical structure of the conveyor belt loose slippery, can be replaced with a smaller size of the conveyor belt.
3, pick the disk or read the disk ability is poor. This type of failure is caused by laser head failure. Optical drive used for a long time or often used to watch DVD, laser head objective lens will become dirty or aging, with a clean CD-ROM on the optical drive to clean, can improve the ability to read the disk.
4, inevitable failure. Inevitable failure refers to the optical drive in the use of a period of time after the inevitable failure. This type of failure are: laser diode aging, so that the reading time becomes longer or even can not read the disk; laser head in the optical components dirty or poor performance, resulting in "audio", "video" distortion or crash; mechanical transmission due to wear and tear, deformation, and loosening caused by the Failure.
The inevitable failures generally appear in the optical drive after 3 to 5 years of use, at this time, should be replaced with a new optical drive.
Seven, power supply failure
Phenomenon of power supply failure
Most of the components in the start-up will send a signal to the motherboard, indicating that the voltage meets the requirements. Interrupting this signal displays some error messages, allowing the user to determine where the fault arose. If this signal does not appear regularly, it indicates that the voltage has become less stable...?
Once the rotating sound of the power supply fan stops, it means that the power supply has to be turned off immediately, otherwise the poor heat dissipation caused by the fan stopping will soon paralyze the machine.
Power supply failure diagnosis method:
Power supply failure should be diagnosed according to the principle of "first soft and then hard", first check whether the BIOS settings are correct, to rule out false faults due to improper settings; and then check whether the auxiliary power supply and the main power supply in the ATX power supply is normal; and finally, check whether the motherboard power supply monitor circuit is normal. The monitor circuitry is normal.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Computer Failures