Three stages of application and development of 1. 1 ERP in China.
198 1 It has been 20 years since the first set of MRPII software was imported from the German Institute of Engineers by Shenyang No.1 Machine Tool Works. The main industries used are: machinery 24.4%, automobile 17.3%, electronics 15.5%, petrochemical1/kloc-0. The popularization and application of MRPII/ERP in China has gone through three stages:
The first stage is mainly the introduction, practice and application of MRPII, which mainly covers the traditional machinery industry. At that time, China's economic environment was dominated by planned economy, supplemented by market regulation. Enterprises' awareness of participating in market competition was not strong, their basic management was backward, and the utilization rate of manufacturing resources was low. In order to change this situation, China introduced MREII software from abroad, and carried out pilot projects in Shenyang No.1 Machine Tool Plant, Beijing No.1 Machine Tool Plant, Shanghai Metallurgical Mine Machinery Plant, Shenyang Water Pump Plant, Shenyang Blower Plant and other machinery industries.
Due to the domestic economic environment at that time, the lack of application and practical experience of MRPII, and the fact that most imported software did not complete the localization work and lacked corresponding technical support and services, a lot of secondary development was carried out in many aspects. Generally speaking, the benefits obtained by enterprises are not significant.
In the second stage, from 1990 to 1996, China put forward the 863 high-tech plan CIMS application demonstration project, which greatly promoted the application of MRPII. More than 200 enterprises covering 10 industries are implementing CIMS projects, and many of them have adopted MRPII system and advanced client/server architecture computer system, which has brought huge economic benefits to enterprises.
At present, great achievements have been made in application, but there are still many shortcomings, such as: 1) enterprises lack overall planning when choosing MRPII, which makes it difficult to fully integrate in the future; 2) The scope and level of application are not high; 3) The scope and functions of management are confined within the enterprise; 4) Due to improper project management, the implementation period is long and the implementation effect is poor.
In the third stage, 65438-0997, due to the development of information technology, ERP gradually replaced MRPII and became the leading product of management software. With the failure of foreign manufacturers such as SAP, Oracle Bone Inscriptions and BAAN,
With the interruption of the influx and the development of domestic software manufacturers entering the ERP market, many well-known domestic enterprises, such as Haier Group, Changhong Group, hongta group and Lenovo Group, have implemented ERP projects and ERP applications.
Has entered the development stage.
Despite the rapid development of ERP in China, many enterprises still have some incorrect attitudes and views on the application of ERP, which will undoubtedly affect the implementation effect of ERP in these enterprises to a great extent, and is not conducive to the further promotion and application of ERP in China in the future. Therefore, in order to adapt to the fierce competition of globalization in the future, our enterprises should have a comprehensive and sober understanding of ERP and advanced management technologies and concepts.
1.2 ERP software market analysis
In 2002, the management software market in China maintained a high-speed growth momentum. In the first half of 2002, the market sales reached 38 1 100 million yuan, which was the fastest growing stage of management software in recent years. Among them, the sales of general management software reached 65.438+0.44 billion yuan, accounting for 37.7% of the total sales. As the main consumer product in domestic management software market, the sales scale of ERP software in the first half of the year has reached 598 million yuan, making it the most potential software in China management software market in 2002. In 2002, the market competition of enterprise management software entered a white-hot stage. The competition of enterprise management software is first manifested in marketing. In the first half of the year, UFIDA Software Co., Ltd. took the lead in playing the brand image of UFIDA ERP, taking the lead. It has set up street sign advertisements of UFIDA ERP in several central cities, and they have launched relatively complete ERP software, which has achieved good publicity results. Kingdee Software (China) Co., Ltd. launched a "total solution" in the first half of the year. After half a year, I found that the effect was not good. In the second half of the year, we also rushed to promote Kingdee ERP. Hejia Company also tries to establish its own ERP image in the name of the general contractor of the 863CIMS special ERP project of the Ministry of Science and Technology. With the help of the marketing of ERP software of Taiwan Province Dingshengxin Company, Digital China has also established its own image as an ERP software company.
The competition of ERP software sales is more intense. With the long-term relationship with the local government and in-depth understanding of the industry ERP market, similar ERP manufacturers have strong advantages in the competition in Jiangsu and other parts of the country. Zhuhai Yuanguang, Inspur Guoqiang and other manufacturers have strong advantages in the competition of ERP software in electric power, petrochemical and other industries by virtue of their long-term cooperative relationship with industry monopoly enterprises and in-depth understanding of the industry ERP market. Lenovo, Digital China and other system integrators, relying on their advantages in system integration, help foreign ERP software manufacturers to promote their applications. With in-depth understanding of e-government, Anyi's government resource planning software has achieved certain advantages.
Market demand of enterprise management software (ERP)
In 2002, the market demand of enterprise management software was much higher than 200 1. Enterprises of all sizes and industries began to seek the help of enterprise informatization. In particular, the demand for ERP software has obviously improved, and the publicity of ERP software in previous years produced results in 2002. The strong market demand is mainly manifested in the strong demand of large enterprises for the comprehensive application of ERP software, hoping to help improve their management level through the application of ERP, and the management software market for small and medium-sized enterprises has become the biggest growth point of the industry. In 2002, the ERP market sales of small and medium-sized enterprises in China accounted for 72% of the total market sales, and there was a relatively large growth rate. It is an indisputable fact that the ERP of small and medium-sized enterprises has been online for a short time, and its success rate is higher than that of large enterprises, which makes the management software market of small and medium-sized enterprises become the biggest growth point of the industry and has attracted extensive attention from peers at home and abroad. In the past, the ERP market of small and medium-sized enterprises was mainly divided by domestic ERP software manufacturers. Because foreign ERP vendors use few ERP software specially for small and medium-sized enterprises in China, their competitiveness in the ERP market of small and medium-sized enterprises is very weak. In order to make up for the problem that its software is not suitable for the characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises, SAP launched two small and medium-sized enterprise management software based on its ERP software and acquired from abroad for the China market in 2002. Oracle Bone Inscriptions also announced that it would cooperate with Lenovo to reduce its original ERP function in China and launch a management software suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises.
1.2.2 foreign enterprise management software to increase direct investment in China.
With the rapid economic development in China and the sharp drop in global sales of ERP software, foreign ERP manufacturers such as SAP and ORACLE have increased their direct investment in China to varying degrees.
The number of companies they set up in our country is increasing. However, the sales volume and growth of foreign ERP software vendors in China market still lag behind those of China. From the perspective of application projects, the sales of financial software of SAP and ORACLE account for a large proportion of the total sales, especially the industrial solutions of ORACLE are relatively few, and financial software is used to hit the industrial market. Foreign ERP software manufacturers rarely see successful cases in the application of production management software, the core part of ERP.
SAP, ORACLE, BAAN and other foreign ERP software manufacturers set up R&D bases in China in 2002. They realize that it is difficult to develop ERP products in China if they are not localized.
The development of ERP is quite different from their idea of asking China to adapt to international ERP software a few years ago. They realize that if foreign ERP software can't help China enterprises to further improve their management level on the existing basis and style, it will not be accepted by China enterprises. The cooperation between Taiwanese enterprise management software enterprises and related enterprises in Chinese mainland was a major feature in 2002. ERP manufacturers in Taiwan Province have been operating in Chinese mainland for many years, but they have never developed. They realized it on the basis of summing up past experience. ERP manufacturers in Taiwan Province can't fully adapt to the situation in Chinese mainland, so they must cooperate closely with mainland manufacturers in order to have greater development in Chinese mainland. Their advantage lies in the foreign processing business of made in taiwan enterprises for many years, which makes the products of Taiwan Province software company have stronger functions in production management, which is the cooperation point with mainland software companies.
Ding Xin Software is the first ERP software company in Taiwan Province Province. It has set up a joint venture with Digital China Company, specializing in the marketing of enterprise management software and promoting ERP software in Ding Xin, Taiwan Province Province. Hankang Software, the second ERP software company in Taiwan Province Province, sold the original code and development team of its P series to UFIDA last year. Users quickly completed ERP software on the basis of integration and quickly occupied a large market share. Other ERP software companies in Taiwan Province Province have also established cooperative relations with mainland manufacturers.
1.2.3 Market share of ERP software
On June 5438+ 10, 2002, the evaluation of "ERP Management Software System Suitable for China" by the National 863 Expert Group ended, and Kingdee Software, Hejia Software, Kingsway, Inspur Software, Jin Hang Digital, Xi Jiaotong University Broadcom, Beijing Ximen and Shanghai Machinery Computer Company won the bid for this project. These eight enterprises can not only get matching financial support, but more importantly, they have a "valid certificate" when they strive for customers. This will also cause changes in the ERP software market.
In 2002, the ERP software market in China has formed two completely different camps: the competition between the international management software giants headed by SAP and the local software manufacturers headed by UFIDA is becoming increasingly fierce. The local ERP software vendors represented by UFIDA have grown rapidly and have the ability to compete with international giants such as SAP and ORACLE.
On February 8, 2003, CCID, an IT market research institution, released the Annual Report on IT Market Research in China in 2002-2003, which showed that UFIDA surpassed SAP for the first time, with a market share of 2 1.6%, while SAP and Kingdee were 13.5% and/kloc-0 respectively. This indicates that domestic ERP vendors have completely surpassed foreign rivals and become a major breakthrough in the development of ERP software in China. The rapid rise of local manufacturers led by UFIDA and Kingdee in the middle and high-end ERP market has brought pressure to foreign manufacturers represented by SAP and ORCALE. On the one hand, the entry of UFIDA and Kingdee and the expanding market share have lowered the ERP unit price of international manufacturers a lot; On the other hand, the competition in the high-end market is becoming more and more fierce, which also makes these foreign ERP vendors who used to sit in the "cloud" begin to consciously move their product lines closer to the low-end and middle-end.
In 2003, the competition in China ERP market will be more intense. There will be more and more opportunities for domestic ERP vendors to collide with foreign vendors. The intensification of competition will undoubtedly lead ERP software vendors to pay more attention to customer needs and continuously introduce excellent software products and solutions to promote the maturity of the whole ERP industry.
1.3 Application Status of ERP Software in China
Over the past 20 years, more than 2,600 enterprises in China have systematically applied ERP, accounting for 1.6% of the total number of state-owned and non-state-owned industrial enterprises above designated size. The average application period from the application of a single computer to the completion of ERP system is 8- 10 years: after the application of ERP, the management level and related indicators reflecting the comprehensive ability and management status of most enterprises have not been significantly improved, improved and innovated; Until the end of last century, China still couldn't find a completely successful ERP example. Even at an industry conference, some people even came to the conclusion that "China ERP will invest 8 billion yuan in 20 years, which will impact Shui Piao". This remark is chilling and can not help but make people think deeply.
1.3. 1 Relevant factors affecting ERP implementation
The application degree of large enterprises is much higher than that of small and medium-sized enterprises. In large enterprises, 25% have implemented ERP and 9% are implementing it. 46% of enterprises are ready to implement, and another 20% have no plans yet. Most medium-sized enterprises are in the preparatory stage of implementation, while most small enterprises have not considered it yet. In the process of ERP implementation, the factors that enterprises are most concerned about are: actual benefit, investment scale, realistic stability, technical reliability (software selection), adaptability of organization and management, implementation mode and stage, influence of ideas and so on. Benefit has become the core factor that enterprises are most concerned about, accounting for more than 90% of the respondents. Secondly, the investment scale is also the key to decide whether the enterprise will go to ERP. Then there is the application status of the industry. If the industry application is successful, whether under competitive pressure or technically, enterprises can easily accept it. However, the success of industrial application does not mean the absolute reduction of risk coefficient. The successful implementation of ERP is the result of collaborative integration of many factors, and the application of enterprises varies greatly.
Because it is difficult for enterprises to make a complete and effective evaluation of themselves, and the complexity of information technology, the choice of software for enterprises has also become a big problem, which is also the key factor for the successful implementation of ER. The practicability, expansibility and supporting functions of the system are difficult for enterprises to master.
In addition, at what stage enterprises are suitable for ERP, they are also very concerned. In addition to the support of the system, the adaptation of the internal management organization is particularly important. The talent pool of information management will also affect the smooth implementation of ERP, and the concept of employees also has potential power that cannot be ignored.
In the process of ERP implementation. A very important link is to maintain the stability of operation. The transition and running-in of application will directly affect the overall operation of the enterprise, and the key lies in which implementation method is adopted. Due to the different market mechanisms, most enterprises, whether internal management or human resources, are not enough to implement radical management requirements. In view of the actual situation of most domestic enterprises, it is safer to adopt the scheme of gradual implementation, because for enterprises, it is the key to minimize the negative impact.