The Yellow River is the spring of life in Northwest and North China. At present, the Yellow River is still facing the industrial pollution control is difficult to move, domestic sewage and agricultural backwater pollution aggravation of the situation, the pollution situation is still very serious.
"Bitter water" main stream: nearly 40% of the water quality of the river section of the basic loss of water function more than 1.2 million people can only drink bitter water
Earlier this year, the Yellow River Basin Water Resources Protection Bureau of the organization of the expert group on the Yellow River Water Pollution status and the harm of the quantitative analysis of the Yellow River, found that nearly 40% of the Yellow River section of the main stream of the water quality of poor five categories, basically, the water quality is poor. water quality is inferior to five categories, basically losing the function of the water body. With economic development, the amount of waste sewage discharged in the Yellow River Basin has doubled to 4.4 billion cubic meters compared to the 1980s, and pollution incidents continue to occur. The vast majority of the upper reaches of the Yellow River tributaries are subject to varying degrees of pollution, while the middle and lower reaches of almost all the tributaries of the water quality for many years in the inferior five categories, tributaries into the "sewage river".
Wuliangsuhai total drainage is the Inner Mongolia Bayannur city territory to the Yellow River, a major drainage channel. The reporter saw in this total trunk along the distribution of many paper, coking and other enterprises, these highly polluting enterprises of different sizes, once the environmental protection facilities are out of operation or no treatment facilities, a large number of pollutants will be discharged directly into the Yellow River, affecting the downstream water supply security.
Earlier this year, the Baotou section of the Yellow River suffered unprecedented serious to volatile phenols as a representative of the pollution, volatile phenols, ammonia nitrogen and other exceeded the standard by several times to dozens of times, due to the production of Baotou City, the main source of water from the Yellow River, more than 1.2 million people can only be hard to drink "bitter water". Reporters in Baotou City Environmental Protection Bureau reported to the National Bureau of information to see, caused by the Yellow River volatile phenol pollution is the main source of the Uliangsuhai total discharge of emissions, and ammonia nitrogen pollution mainly from Ningxia and Baotou.
"Bane" along the Yellow River: the key pollution source of the phenomenon of stealing emissions is still relatively serious "fifteen small", "new five small" enterprises are many and extensive, it is difficult to eradicate
Industrial pollution has always been the Yellow River water pollution "scourge". From Qinghai, through Gansu, Ningxia, to Inner Mongolia, the Yellow River along the energy, heavy chemicals, non-ferrous metals, paper and other highly polluting industrial enterprises, resulting in a large number of pollutants, including COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), ammonia, heavy metals, permanganate index, and volatile phenols. Due to the environmental protection facilities investment, high operating costs, along the yellow key sources of pollution is still relatively serious phenomenon of stealing emissions, and some of the "fifteen small", "new five small" enterprises are many and extensive, it is difficult to eradicate.
Baiyin City, Gansu Province, interviews, the local environmental protection department cadres to guide the reporter viewed across the city straight into the Yellow River East ditch, the natural flood drainage ditch has now become a sewage ditch. People have not yet got off, the ditch sewage emanating from the stench on the face of pungent, red acidic wastewater in the river flowing slowly, next to the branch fork of the ditch is also injected from time to time into a small green water flow, the ditch on the beach of the soil eroded by the sewage, showing a metallic copper color. The cadres of Baiyin Environmental Protection Bureau said that there are eight or nine polluting enterprises along the east ditch, including domestic sewage, nearly 50,000 cubic meters of wastewater is discharged into the Yellow River every day, of which the largest source of pollution comes from the smelting plant of Baiyin Nonferrous Metals Company, which has been running for more than 40 years of the copper smelting of the old enterprise, the equipment is seriously aging, although by the state, the relevant departments of Gansu Province for a number of time, so far, there is no effect, and now every day! There are more than 8,000 cubic meters of acidic wastewater discharged directly into the Yellow River, the wastewater content of copper, lead, zinc, arsenic and other heavy metals exceeds the national standard dozens of times to thousands of times. "The original main source of drinking water for the residents of Baiyin District is located in the downstream of the East Dagou, only 200 meters away from the mouth of the Yellow River, and now the water here has stopped supplying water to the city because of the difficulty in meeting the standard of water quality after purification." Environmental protection cadres said somberly.
"Extinction" status quo: domestic sewage and "agricultural pollution" showing an aggravating trend Wuliangsuhai Lake has been on the verge of extinction
In the investigation along the reporter found that, in addition to industrial pollution, domestic sewage and excessive application of fertilizers, pesticides, "agricultural pollution" caused by the "agricultural pollution". caused by "agricultural pollution" is also showing an aggravating trend, the proportion is rising. At the same time, along the Yellow River, some cities along the river indiscriminately piled, dumping of domestic garbage, exacerbating the pollution of the Yellow River section of the river.
The increasingly serious water pollution of the Yellow River has seriously damaged the Yellow River ecosystem, leading to the endangerment of aquatic life in the river. In the 1950s, red willows and reeds were found along the Yantan Beach in Lanzhou City, inhabiting more than a dozen species of waterfowl, such as spotted geese and plateau quail, which are no longer found today. In the early 1960s, the fish growing in the Gansu section of the Yellow River were greatly reduced, and some of them have been extinct. Even the Lanzhou people are proud of Lanzhou specialties Qingbai Shi Bailan melon, in recent years, also because of the watering of the polluted Yellow River water and the quality of the decline.
According to the Gansu Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau, the Gansu section of the Yellow River discharges 237 million tons of wastewater annually, of which the amount of domestic sewage discharged has reached 141 million tons, accounting for 59.5% of the total wastewater discharged. The Yellow River flows through four cities in Gansu, only Lanzhou City currently has four sewage treatment plants, with a daily capacity of only 158,000 tons. Moreover, the sewage treatment fee collected by Lanzhou City is only 0.2 yuan per cubic meter, and the sewage treatment fee collected by the city can only maintain the operation of a sewage treatment plant with a daily treatment capacity of 100,000 tons. Zhao Weimin, director of the Gansu Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau, said that as the only provincial capital city where the Yellow River passes through the city, the current sewage network penetration rate of Lanzhou City is only 12.2%. Smaller sewage treatment and collection capacity is far from enough to deal with the increasing amount of urban sewage discharge, resulting in the Yellow River along the sewage pipe, sewage ditch densely, a large number of domestic sewage discharged directly into the Yellow River. The reporter found that this problem is common in many cities along the Yellow River.
The pollution of the Yellow River, not only affects the industrial and agricultural production along the river, more serious is a direct threat to the ecological environment and the people along the Yellow River drinking water safety. Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia, the territory of the Wuliangsu Sea is the largest freshwater lake in the Yellow River Basin, there are now 500 million cubic meters of wastewater injected into the lake each year, of which 0.5 billion cubic meters discharged into the Yellow River. The reporter saw in the Wuliangsu Sea, the water body has shown sauce black. Due to industrial wastewater, especially pesticides, fertilizers, high content of agricultural water injected into the lake area, so that the waters of eutrophication intensified, water plants, reeds grow like crazy, the lake area of the bright water surface shrinkage, the bottom of the lake lifting accelerated.
Bayannur City Environmental Protection Bureau Secretary Yang Jiezhong said: "Uliangsu Sea water quality is now basically in the inferior five categories, the former fishery now has 19 species of fish extinction. 2002, to find one of the largest fish is less than 3 two weight. If measures are not taken to manage it as soon as possible, not only will the Yellow River be jeopardized, but this important wetland will also die out in 20 to 40 years."
"Toxic water" water quality: nearly 100 acres of wheat cited irrigation of sewage was burned villagers often diarrhea after drinking water
Huangshui River is the upper reaches of the Yellow River is an important tributary of the Qinghai Province, about 300 kilometers, the basin is concentrated in the province of Qinghai more than 60% of the population and the majority of the industrial and agricultural production. However, because in recent years the industrial wastewater and urban wastewater emissions increase year by year, the annual discharge has reached nearly 200 million cubic meters, Huangshui River water quality pollution has deteriorated sharply. Especially into the city of Xining after the sections of the river, dry water quality is basically in the five or inferior five. 2002, Haidong District, Qinghai Province, Ping'an County, Dongzhuang Village, nearly 100 acres of wheat, irrigation of the polluted Huangshui water after being burned alive. Being field watering Dongzhuang village villagers Wang Chengfa told reporters: "Now Huangshui watering, first look at the water in the river, more water before daring to pour, less water into the ground, seedlings quasi-burned to death."
In Gansu Province, Jingyuan County by the beach township, villagers have long been drinking the Yellow River water after a simple precipitation. Villagers say there is often white sediment in the pots, and they often have diarrhea after drinking the water, and their skin cracks and peels after washing their faces. "This water is so salty that people can't eat it, and the tea made is so salty that you can't drink it. River floating in the black stuff, look like there is oil." Villagers Tao Guocai said.
Reporters in Ningxia Shizuishan City, Yellow River water plant interviews learned that from 2001 due to the sharp decline in the quality of the Yellow River, the water plant's processing difficulties continue to increase. Ammonia nitrogen in the water, volatile phenols and other content is too high, consuming a lot of chlorine used for sterilization, the water plant had to be chlorinated by the original treatment of each liter of water using 0.15 milligrams to increase to 4 milligrams or so, and for clarification, treatment of organic materials are also increasing exponentially. Last year and this spring this water plant has also twice forced to stop treatment. Zhang Yuhe, deputy director of the water plant, said: "The worst of the dry season, it feels like sewage treatment, even if the current treated water, the taste is still relatively poor, and sometimes there is some strange smell. About 70,000 people are now drinking such water, and the water supply from the plant will continue to expand in the future."
The Yellow River pollution problem has also reached a point where it should be given high priority by state authorities and localities, said Qian Zengping, director of the Yellow Commission's Huining Meng Hydrology and Water Resources Management Bureau.
Two, the Yangtze River water pollution status
In the Yangtze River mainstem 21 cities in the river section, the total length of the pollution zone 452.3km, of which the length of Nanjing 122.8km, Wuhan, 77.3km, Shanghai, 52.3km, Yueyang, 29.5km, Chongqing, 27.4km, Zhenjiang 21.2km. 21 cities along the river, such as Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan, Chongqing, Panzhihua, 790km investigated. In Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan, Chongqing, Panzhihua and other 21 cities along the river, 790km of the investigated river section, has formed 560km of pollution zone.
The main sources of water pollution in the Yangtze River are surface sources, point sources, mobile sources and solid waste.
1. Surface source pollution
Soil and water erosion and farmland drainage are important factors that affect the overall water quality of the Yangtze River. On the one hand, soil erosion brings pesticides, fertilizers, nutrients in the soil and some plant and animal humus into the water body, increasing the concentration of suspended solids, BOD, COD and total phosphorus in the water body. On the other hand, the sand content of the Yangtze River increases. The total soil erosion in the Yangtze River Basin is 2.4 billion tons, of which 1.8 billion tons occurs in the upstream area, and 0.6 billion tons occurs in the middle and lower reaches of the area below Yichang. Chongqing, Sichuan has become a large sand transfer, Sichuan annual input of sediment into the Yangtze River up to 680 million t. Tuojiang River sand transfer between 3.42 million t to 5.64 million t each year, the Jialing River sand transfer less than 32.25 million t, more than 357 million t, and even the two tributaries of the Jialing River sand content is also alarmingly high, the Fuling River for 2.93 million to 6.61 million t, Qiujiang River for 7.32 million to 1500 million t.
2. p> 2. Point source pollution
In recent years, with the rapid development of agriculture and industry in the basin, the city continues to expand, surface water pollution in the basin is becoming increasingly serious. Basin-wide sewage discharge has reached 15 billion tons, accounting for 45.2% of the country's total industrial wastewater; domestic sewage volume of 3.58 billion tons, accounting for 35.7% of the country's total domestic sewage. Especially in sichuan, chongqing, hubei, hunan, jiangxi, jiangsu, shanghai 7 provinces and cities for very much, sewage discharge *** total 12.5 billion t, accounting for the total amount of the whole basin 84.6%. The sewage treatment rate of the Yangtze River cities in the main stream is 48.3%, and the compliance rate is 56.9%, which is lower than the average level of sewage treatment in the basin and the country. The sewage discharge along the Yangtze River is the root cause of near-shore pollution of the Yangtze River and its larger tributaries. Over the years, with the economic development of the Yangtze River Basin, the entire basin of sewage discharge at a rate of 3% year-on-year increase, most of which is untreated sewage discharged directly into the river.
3. mobile source pollution
The Yangtze River main stream transportation ships amounted to more than 100,000, the vast majority of ships are not installed oil-water separation devices and domestic sewage treatment devices, millions of tons of oily sewage each year, nearly 100 million tons of domestic sewage and 7.5 billion tons of domestic garbage discharged into the Yangtze River, constituting the Yangtze River can not be ignored as a source of pollution in the basin. Not only that, in recent years, the transportation of chemicals ship sinking accidents, a large number of sulfuric acid, cresol, kerosene, crude oil and other chemicals dumped into the river, the destruction of the Yangtze River water resources is even worse.
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4. Solid Waste Pollution
Solid waste is the solid residue of various materials used in industrial manufacturing, construction, cooking, recreation, agricultural production, and other activities that have been discarded, including: outdated newspapers, glass bottles, metal cans, paper cups, plastic bottles, discarded vehicles, rubber, slag, animal skins, dust, sludge, and food residues. and food leftovers, etc. The accumulation of large quantities of solid waste along the Yangtze River is another important reason for the pollution of water quality of the Yangtze River. 1992 only three gorges reservoir area solid waste annual output of 4.62 million t, the stockpile amounted to 21.7 million t. These untreated solid waste by flooding and rainwater solubilization, a variety of toxic substances are very easy to enter the water body, seriously polluting the water quality of the Yangtze River.
5. Other pollution
Industrial production emissions of soot, wastewater, by direct landing or rainfall into the water body; rainfall and surface runoff after rainfall carries the atmosphere, soil pollutants into the water body; seawater back-up or infiltration, contamination of groundwater sources in coastal areas or the water body; the pollutants of the urban surface into the water body. All of these have contributed to the pollution of the Yangtze River water quality to a certain extent.