According to China's "Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Law" (issued in 1989), the prevention, control and elimination of infectious diseases is the sacred duty of medical personnel at all levels. Therefore, clinicians should strive to do a good job of preventing infectious diseases while improving clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Preventive measures for infectious diseases can be divided into: ①preventive measures when the epidemic has not appeared; ②preventive measures after the emergence of the epidemic; ③therapeutic preventive measures.
Preventive measures
The most efficient way to control infectious diseases lies in prevention and control, because of the three basic conditions of infectious diseases: infectious agents, transmission routes and susceptible populations, the lack of any of which can not be caused by infectious disease epidemics, so for the prevention of infectious diseases is also mainly focused on these three aspects:
1. Control of infectious agents: this is the most effective way to prevent infectious diseases. This is the most effective way to prevent infectious diseases. For infectious diseases with a human source of infection, it is necessary to arrange the patients or carriers of the disease in a timely and proper manner in the designated isolation location, temporary isolation from the crowd, active treatment, care, and necessary disinfection of infectious secretions, excreta, and utensils to prevent the spread of pathogens to the outside world. However, in the case of an unknown infectious agent, especially if the agent is an animal, it is not always easy to obtain a definitive result, especially in the case of an acute infectious disease outbreak, because the identification of the infectious agent requires epidemiologic causal inference and sufficient evidence from laboratory test results. However, once the source of infection is identified, timely and efficient measures need to be taken to control the source of infection to ensure that it does not continue to spread the pathogen to susceptible populations.
2. Cutting off the means of transmission: Cutting off the means of transmission is the most direct way of preventing infectious diseases transmitted through the digestive tract, blood and body fluids, and insect-borne and parasitic diseases. The main way to do this is to block, sterilize or kill the vectors. For example, food or drinking water contaminated with pathogens should be discarded or disinfected, rooms or utensils contaminated with pathogens should be adequately disinfected, disposable medical supplies should be disinfected or incinerated in time for harmless treatment after use, and anti-mosquito and anti-insect measures should be taken during the season of transmission of insect-borne infectious diseases. At the same time, health education interventions for high-risk groups are also essential, such as promoting the sterilization of needles for intravenous drug users, and promoting condom use for those who engage in high-risk sexual behaviors. Today's approach to preventing the H7N9 influenza A virus also continues to be to pay attention to basic hygiene, wash your hands frequently, wear a mask, and eat meat cooked - an old favorite, but still the most effective way to cut off the transmission pathway.
3. Protecting susceptible populations: Protecting susceptible populations is also an important part of infectious disease prevention, and is often the easier method of prevention to achieve. For infectious diseases that already have a preventive vaccine, vaccination of susceptible groups is the most secure method, such as planned immunization of infants after birth, for infectious disease doctors, nurses, researchers engaged in infectious disease research and engaged in the poultry breeding work of the personnel to receive the appropriate vaccine. Historically, smallpox has been successfully attacked with highly effective vaccines, proving that protection of susceptible populations plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. [2]
Preventing pediatric spring infectious diseases dietary therapy
In the epidemic before the emergence of the first task is to do a good job of regular preventive work, the main content is as follows:
1. the possible existence of pathogens in the external environment of the entity should be carried out to improve the conditions of drinking water, the implementation of the drinking water disinfection; combined with the construction of urban and rural areas, to do a good job in the harmlessness of feces, sewage discharge and garbage disposal; the establishment of sound hospitals and disease-causing entities should be carried out. Establish and improve rules and regulations for hospitals and pathogenic microorganism laboratories to prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms and nosocomial infections; the Food Sanitation Law should also be greatly implemented in healthcare institutions, as well as disinfection, pest control and rodent control. Although the above work is mainly led by the health epidemic prevention and environmental monitoring departments, clinicians should also actively cooperate.
2. Preventive vaccination (vaccination), also known as artificial immunization, is the inoculation of biological products into the human body, so that the body produces specific immunity to infectious diseases, in order to raise the level of immunity of the population, to prevent the occurrence and prevalence of infectious diseases. [3]
3. Hand washing; hand washing is one of the main methods of preventing infectious diseases, and should be done in the following situations: (1) before contacting the eyes, mouth, and nose; (2) when the hands are stained by respiratory secretions, such as sneezing or coughing; (3) after touching public **** objects, such as the elevator handrail, elevator buttons, or door handles; (4) before handling food and eating; and after using the toilet. Steps for proper hand washing: (1) Wash your hands in boiling water. (2) Add soap and rub out the lather with your hands. (3) Scrub fingers, nails, palms and backs of hands for at least 20 seconds without rinsing. (4) Rinse hands thoroughly with water only after scrubbing. (5) Dry your hands thoroughly with a clean towel or paper towel, or blow dry your hands with a hand dryer. (6) After washing your hands, you can wrap the faucet with a hand towel before turning off the water, and don't touch the faucet directly again. [4]
Preventive measures
These are measures taken to prevent the spread of an epidemic and to calm it down as soon as possible after it appears.
From the patient's point of view, the key lies in early detection, early diagnosis, early reporting, and early isolation.
1. Early detection, early diagnosis: sound primary health care, improve the professional level of medical personnel and sense of responsibility, popularize the public's general knowledge of health is the key to early detection of patients. Diagnosis can include three aspects: clinical, laboratory examination and epidemiological data. Early diagnosis can be made by clinical findings of characteristic symptoms and signs, such as Koch's spots in measles and pseudomembranes in diphtheria. However, sometimes laboratory diagnosis should be made in order to be more objective and correct, such as pseudomembrane smear to detect Corynebacterium diphtheriae. In the diagnosis of infectious diseases, epidemiologic information is often helpful for early diagnosis, such as the patient's contact history, past medical history and vaccination history. In addition, age, occupation and seasonal characteristics are often important references for early diagnosis.
2. Infectious disease reporting: Epidemic reporting is the basis of epidemic management and is a national statutory system. Therefore, rapid, comprehensive and accurate reporting of infectious diseases is an important statutory duty of every clinician. aware Skylark