Zhuhai Special Economic Zone has beautiful ecological environment, perfect infrastructure, good public security and social harmony. Won the "Best Model Award for International Improvement of Human Settlements" by UN-HABITAT, which has favorable conditions for building a livable city. According to the scientific evaluation standard of livable city, combined with the reality of Zhuhai, this paper probes into the feasibility of building a livable city in Zhuhai by using the SWOT strategic analysis method, and puts forward the preliminary strategic choice.
SWOT analysis is also called situation analysis. The so-called SWOT analysis is to list all kinds of main strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats closely related to the research object through investigation, match all kinds of factors with each other and add them to the system for analysis, and draw corresponding decision-making conclusions.
First, the main advantages of building Zhuhai into a livable city
First of all, natural conditions are unique. Zhuhai is located in the southwest of the Pearl River Estuary in Guangdong Province, bordering on the South China Sea, with pleasant climate, long coastline, numerous islands, dense water networks, vertical and horizontal river networks, low mountains, hills, terraces, plains, beaches and other land types, forming a unique ecological landscape of mountains, seas and cities.
Secondly, environmental protection has achieved fruitful results. Won the international best model award for improving the living environment and the title of national environmental protection model city. The urban greening rate in Zhuhai is 48.27%, the urban per capita public green area is 19.09 m, the air quality has reached the national excellent level in 365 days, and the urban atmosphere, water body and sound environment have maintained the national leading level.
Third, the advantages of urban planning and construction are obvious. Since 1980, all previous master plans of Zhuhai have made good use of the natural division of mountains and seas, adopted a group layout, and connected the groups of cities into an organic whole with high-standard and high-starting infrastructure, so that the city has both good integrity and beautiful city image.
Fourth, high-tech industries and manufacturing industries have great potential for development. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, Zhuhai made great efforts to build Industry-University-Research base, high-tech industrial base and export base of high value-added products. The development speed of high-tech industry is higher than that of the secondary industry, and the proportion of high-tech products in the total industrial output value of the city has also increased from 25% to 38.62% year by year, with an average annual growth rate of nearly 30%; China Academy of Social Sciences' report on global urban competitiveness in 2005-2006 shows that Zhuhai has a high proportion of manufacturing talents, high labor productivity and high degree of specialization, and the manufacturing industries such as electronic and communication equipment, computer software, biology, medicine and medical equipment, electrical machinery and equipment have developed rapidly.
Fifth, the advantages of regional service functions are obvious. According to the statistics of Urban and Regional Research Center of Sun Yat-sen University, the regional service function of social service industry in Zhuhai is outstanding, and the proportion of basic population engaged in service industry is as high as 79%. Among nine cities in the Pearl River Delta, such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Foshan, the added value of Zhuhai's service industry accounts for the proportion of GDP, and the average added value per 10,000 people is second only to Guangzhou and Shenzhen, ranking third.
Sixth, the infrastructure construction is perfect. The airport, deep-water port, Guangzhou-Zhuhai Railway and Guangzhou-Zhuhai Expressway have been completed and are under construction. In 2006, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge has entered the design stage, and the railway and highway arteries connecting the eastern and western parts of the Pearl River Delta have started construction.
Seventh, social harmony is high. Zhuhai urban registered unemployment rate is controlled within 3%; The social security system has been gradually improved and the coverage has been significantly expanded; The administrative village realizes cement roads and buses for every village; In 2006, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 17676 yuan, with an average annual increase of 6.4%, and the per capita net income of farmers and fishermen was 7006 yuan, with an average annual increase of 8.3%. The rate of criminal cases has dropped for three consecutive years, and public order has remained good.
Finally, the cultural characteristics are distinct. Zhuhai culture, based on the Pearl River culture and centered on the spirit of reform and opening up, has distinctive features in China. Zhuhai has outstanding people and numerous historical celebrities at home and abroad, which is a resource for Zhuhai to further explore its culture.
Second, the main disadvantages of building a livable city in Zhuhai
First, the economic aggregate is small. There is a gap between Zhuhai and the advanced cities in the Pearl River Delta. In 2006, Zhuhai achieved a regional GDP of 74.96 billion yuan, an increase of 2.7 percentage points over the previous year 16. 1%. However, compared with the cities in the Pearl River Delta, the economic aggregate is still small.
Second, the mode of economic growth needs to be further changed. The land use efficiency of industrial park development is low and the investment intensity is not high; Enterprises are "small, weak and scattered", and there are many problems in the whole industrial chain, such as strong intermediate links in processing and manufacturing, weak R&D and logistics, and prominent structural contradictions. The scale of private economy is still small, and its ability to promote economic development is weak; The added value of high-tech products is not high, and the development potential and innovation ability of enterprises need to be strengthened.
Third, the entrepreneurial environment needs to be improved. Livable cities should be suitable for people to start businesses. Zhuhai's overall economic atmosphere is weak and its popularity is not strong, which has become an obstacle to Zhuhai's development. At the same time, due to the small number of enterprises in Zhuhai (more than 40,000) and small scale, it directly affects the ability to attract talents.
Third, the opportunity for Zhuhai to build a livable city.
On the one hand, the construction of a large number of important infrastructures has brought historic opportunities for Zhuhai's new round of development. A number of major transportation infrastructures, such as Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, Guangzhou-Zhuhai Railway, Guangzhou-Zhuhai Intercity Express Rail, Zhu Jiang Expressway, Coastal Expressway and Zhuhai Port Container Terminal, have been accelerated, and Zhuhai's position as a regional transportation hub has become prominent, and its position and role in the regional economy will be further enhanced.
On the other hand, a new round of international industrial transfer and expansion characterized by heavy chemical industry, high-end manufacturing industry and modern service industry is accelerating, which provides a rare opportunity for Zhuhai's industrial development. This will continuously upgrade Zhuhai's industrial structure and promote sustained economic growth.
Moreover, with the construction of the Pan-Pearl River Delta, the cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao and the integration of urban agglomerations in the Pearl River Delta, the cooperation between the Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong and Macao will increase in depth, breadth and intensity, and the obstacles to the flow of resource elements will be greatly reduced.
Four. The main threats (challenges) Zhuhai faces in building a livable city.
First, it is difficult for economy and environment to develop harmoniously. In the process of urban construction, western developed countries have gone through a road of development first and governance later. In the early stage of industrialization, these countries vigorously developed industry, which caused great damage to the ecology. It was not until the late stage of industrialization that they gradually realized the coordinated development of industry and environment. However, this coordinated development largely depends on the transfer of low-end industries and development costs to developing countries. Theoretically speaking, taking the road of intensive and new industrialization can solve the contradiction between them, but there are many objective difficulties and problems in practice.
Second, urban development has pushed up the cost of production and living. Generally speaking, under the market mechanism, the city is a public product, and the development of the city will inevitably bring about the cost of production and living (rising house prices and increasing education and medical expenses). If the government does not implement effective intervention, the exclusiveness of the market will gradually exclude the urban vulnerable groups, making them unable to enjoy the fruits of livable city construction.
Third, fierce regional competition has put some pressure on Zhuhai to take the road of specialization. Zhuhai is located in the Pearl River Delta where China's urban economy is the most active. The high economic growth index of surrounding cities will affect Zhuhai's strategy and measures to build a livable city through performance evaluation and comparative competition mechanism. V. Strategic choice of building a livable city in Zhuhai SWOT analysis provides four strategies, namely SO strategy, WO strategy, ST strategy and WT strategy. To sum up, from the practical level, it can be concluded that Zhuhai should build a livable SO strategy (giving full play to its internal advantages and taking advantage of external opportunities). First, make use of Zhuhai's natural environment, build important infrastructure, accelerate the economic integration of the Pearl River Delta and other opportunities to develop Zhuhai's tourism and convention and exhibition industry, so as to make Zhuhai's environmental brand more valuable; Second, seize the opportunity of the transfer and expansion of high-end manufacturing and modern service industries, and give full play to the potential of high-tech industries, service industries and manufacturing industries; Third, in the process of regional economic integration, continue to carry forward the existing livable characteristics of Zhuhai, avoid functional convergence with neighboring cities, and play its due role in ST strategy (give play to internal advantages, avoid external threats and meet challenges). First, give full play to the advantages of Zhuhai's high-tech industry, adhere to the road of intensive development, properly handle the contradiction between industrial development and environmental protection, and improve energy utilization; Second, strengthen the management and supervision of land supply, and improve the Tuwo strategy in combination with industrial policies (using external opportunities to overcome internal disadvantages). First, make use of the advantages of a large number of important infrastructure construction, urban agglomeration integration in the Pearl River Delta and regional economic integration in Zhuhai, Hong Kong and Macao to reduce obstacles to the flow of resource elements and improve the entrepreneurial environment; Second, the need of international industrial transfer and expansion is conducive to Zhuhai's full use of domestic and foreign resources to form international and domestic markets, thus expanding Zhuhai's economic aggregate.
Wt strategy (overcoming internal disadvantages, avoiding external threats and meeting challenges). First, by upgrading the industrial level, optimizing the industrial structure, taking the road of low resource consumption, less pollution and good economic benefits; Second, by accelerating economic development, promoting the development of related industries and coping with external challenges and threats; Third, do a solid job in basic education, run university parks well, strengthen the training of vocational and technical professionals, optimize the talent structure of Zhuhai, and enhance the competitiveness of Zhuhai city; Fourth, establish and improve corresponding policies in pension insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance and rural social insurance, so that people can enjoy the fruits of economic and social development. Conclusion: After analysis, the advantages of building a livable city in Zhuhai outweigh the disadvantages, and the opportunities outweigh the challenges. Taking livable cities as the strategic development direction of Zhuhai can play different roles in regional economy, form complementary functions with neighboring cities and promote healthy competition. In this process, Zhuhai must pay attention to grasp the scale in the process of developing industry and expanding economic aggregate, maintain and give play to Zhuhai's environmental advantages, and build a livable Zhuhai.