2. Because the forest is burned and the woodland is exposed, the function of water conservation and soil and water conservation of the forest is lost, which will lead to other natural disasters such as floods, droughts, mudslides, landslides and sandstorms.
3. The growth of forest trees in the burned area decreased, which provided a favorable environment for the breeding of forest diseases and insect pests and accelerated the death of trees. After forest fire, the forest environment changes dramatically, and the forest ecology such as weather, water and soil is disturbed and out of balance, which often takes decades or hundreds of years to recover.
4. Forest fires can burn all kinds of production facilities and buildings in forest areas, threaten villages and towns near forest areas and endanger the safety of people's lives and property in forest areas. At the same time, forest fires will kill and drive away precious animals. When a forest fire breaks out, it will also produce a lot of smoke and pollute the air environment. In addition, fighting forest fires consumes a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources, which affects industrial and agricultural production. Sometimes it causes personal casualties and affects social stability.
Main measures to prevent forest fires:
Establish and improve forest fire prevention organizations.
The Regulations on Forest Fire Prevention stipulates that the administrative leadership responsibility system of people's governments at all levels shall be implemented in forest fire prevention work, and relevant departments shall be organized to set up forest fire prevention headquarters.
Comprehensive management of forest fire
Based on the Regulations on Forest Fire Prevention, focusing on "grasping the grass roots and grasping the foundation" and taking concrete measures as a breakthrough, we will thoroughly implement the forest fire prevention policy of "putting prevention first and actively eliminating it", constantly reform and innovate, and establish a new forest fire prevention mechanism of "based on the grass roots, based on the foundation, covering every village, preventing and managing by groups, and self-prevention and self-rescue".
The main contents are: 1, strengthening publicity and education. 2. Strengthen the management of wild fire sources. 3. Accelerate the construction of fire prevention projects. 4. Strengthen the construction of forest fire prevention team. 5. Strengthen command and dispatch. 6. Strengthen supervision and inspection. 7, forest fire aftermath.
Forest fire must meet three conditions, namely, forest combustible, fire weather and fire source.
Forest combustible
According to the degree of flammability: 1. Flammable materials: under normal circumstances, they are easy to dry, flammable and burn quickly. This combustible material includes: dry weeds, fallen leaves, fallen leaves, lichens and mosses, needles and twigs of conifers, etc.
2. Slow-burning combustible materials: generally refers to heavy combustible materials with large particles, such as dead standing trees, roots, big branches, fallen trees, humus, etc. These combustibles are not easy to burn, but they can keep heat for a long time after fire and are not easy to extinguish. It is difficult to clean the fire when cleaning, and it is easy to rekindle.
Combustible: refers to the growing herbs, shrubs and trees.
fire weather
In the case of forest combustibles and fire sources, whether forest fires can occur mainly depends on fire weather. Generally speaking, fire weather is the climatic conditions favorable to forest fires, such as high temperature, little precipitation, low relative humidity, strong wind and long-term drought.
source of fire
Fire sources include man-made fires and natural fires.
What are the basic principles and methods of extinguishing forest fires?
When putting out forest fires, as long as any factor of the fire is controlled, the fire can be put out.
Principle:
1, the flammable temperature is low, below the ignition point. 2. Blocking combustible materials and destroying the conditions of continuous combustion. 3. Isolate combustible materials from air (oxygen).
Basic method:
1. Cold confirmation method
Sprinkle water, chemicals or wet soil on the burning combustible substance to reduce the heat, so that the temperature of the combustible substance drops below the ignition point, thus extinguishing the fire.
2. Isolation method
Through the barrier, the fire is separated from combustible substances, and the burnt substances are separated from unburned substances. Generally, fire lines (belts) are set by spraying chemicals on combustible materials, or manually beating, turning the soil with machines, adopting high-speed wind, burning ahead of time, and moderately blasting. So as to separate fire from combustible materials, burning combustible materials and unburned combustible materials. At the same time, the fire resistance and flame retardancy of combustible materials can also be increased by sprinkling water or chemicals on the combustible materials after combustion.
3. Asphyxiation method
By isolating the air, the oxygen content in the air is reduced to below 14- 18%, and the fire is extinguished by suffocation. Generally, machines and tools are used to put out fires, covered with soil, sprayed with chemicals and blasted.
What safety measures should be paid attention to when putting out the fire:
Fighting forest fires shall be organized and commanded by the local people's government or the forest fire prevention headquarters. Units and individuals who have received fire fighting orders must quickly rush to the designated place and put into fire fighting work.
Attention should be paid to fire extinguishing: 1, flapping along the side of the fire head; 2. Prevent burnt branches and fallen wood from rolling down and hurting; 3. Pay attention to climate change; 4, the correct use of fire fighting tools; 5, shall not mobilize the elderly, disabled, pregnant women and children to participate in fire fighting.
(1988 16 10 released in the State Council)
Chapter I General Principles
Article 1 In order to effectively prevent and put out forest fires, protect forest resources, promote forestry development and maintain natural ecological balance, these Regulations are formulated in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Forest Law of People's Republic of China (PRC).
Article 2 The term "forest fire prevention" as mentioned in these Regulations refers to the prevention and fighting of fires in forests, trees and woodlands. These Regulations shall apply to all forest fire prevention work except urban areas.
Article 3 The principle of "prevention first, active elimination" shall be followed in forest fire prevention.
The state actively supports scientific research on forest fire prevention, and promotes and applies advanced science and technology.
Fourth forest fire prevention work to implement the administrative leadership responsibility system of the people's governments at all levels.
The competent forestry departments at all levels shall be responsible for forest fire prevention, and all units in the forest area shall, under the leadership of the local people's government, implement the leadership responsibility system of departments and units.
Article 5 It is the duty of every citizen to prevent and put out forest fires and protect forest resources.
Chapter II Forest Fire Prevention Organization
Article 6 The State establishes the Central Forest Fire Prevention Command, which is responsible for:
(a) to inspect and supervise the implementation of the national forest fire prevention guidelines, policies, regulations and major administrative measures in various regions and departments, and to guide the forest fire prevention work in various places.
(two) organize relevant regions and departments to carry out major forest fire fighting and rescue work.
(three) to coordinate and solve major problems related to forest fire prevention among autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government and various departments;
(four) to decide on other major issues related to forest fire prevention.
The office of the Central Forest Fire Prevention Command is located in the competent forestry department of the State Council.
Seventh local people's governments at all levels shall, according to actual needs, organize relevant departments and local garrison to set up forest fire prevention headquarters to be responsible for forest fire prevention work in their own areas. Forest fire prevention headquarters at or above the county level shall set up an office, equipped with full-time cadres, responsible for daily work.
The main responsibilities of local forest fire prevention headquarters at all levels are:
(a) to implement the national forest fire prevention policy and supervise the implementation of these regulations and relevant laws and regulations;
(two) to carry out publicity and education on forest fire prevention, formulate forest fire prevention measures, and organize the masses to prevent forest fires;
(three) the organization of forest fire safety inspection, eliminate fire hazards.
(4) Organizing scientific research on forest fire prevention, popularizing advanced technology and training forest fire prevention professionals;
(five) to inspect the planning and construction of forest fire prevention facilities in this area, and organize relevant units to maintain and manage fire prevention facilities and equipment;
(six) to master the fire dynamics, formulate the fire-fighting preparation plan, and organize and command the forest fire fighting in a unified way;
(seven) cooperate with the relevant mobile forces to investigate and deal with forest fire cases;
(eight) forest fire statistics, the establishment of fire files.
Where there is no forest fire prevention headquarters, the competent forestry department at the same level shall perform the duties of the forest fire prevention headquarters.
Article 8 State-owned forestry enterprises and institutions, military units, railways, farms, industrial and mining enterprises, nature reserves and other enterprises and institutions in forest areas, as well as rural and collective economic organizations, shall establish corresponding forest fire prevention organizations to be responsible for the forest fire prevention work of their own systems and units under the leadership of the local people's governments.
Forest fire fighting and rescue shall be based on the principle of mobilizing the masses and professional teams. All units in forest areas should establish mass fire fighting teams, and pay attention to strengthening training and improving quality; State-owned forestry bureaus and forest farms must also organize professional firefighting teams.
Article 9 In the forest areas bordering the administrative areas, the local people's governments concerned shall establish forest fire prevention joint defense organizations, agree on the lead units, determine the joint defense areas, formulate joint defense systems and measures, and inspect and supervise the forest fire prevention work in the joint defense areas.
Tenth local people's governments at all levels and state-owned forestry enterprises and institutions may, according to actual needs, establish forest fire prevention workstations, checkpoints and other fire prevention organizations in forest areas, equipped with full-time personnel. The establishment of forest fire prevention checkpoints shall be approved by the local people's governments at or above the county level or their authorized units. Forest fire prevention checkpoints have the right to conduct fire prevention inspections on vehicles and personnel entering the mountains.
Article 11 The state and the people's governments of provinces and autonomous regions shall, according to actual needs, carry out aviation forest protection in large state-owned forest areas, strengthen forest management by armed forest police forces, and gradually improve the specialization and modernization level of forest fire prevention.
Twelfth grass-roots units with forests and forest areas shall be equipped with part-time or full-time rangers.
The specific duties of forest rangers in forest fire prevention are: patrolling in the forest, managing the use of fire in the field, reporting the fire in time, and assisting relevant authorities in investigating forest fire cases.
Chapter III Forest Fire Prevention
Thirteenth local people's governments shall organize the delineation of forest fire prevention responsibility areas, determine forest fire prevention responsibility units, establish forest fire prevention responsibility system, and conduct regular inspections.
Forest areas should establish a military-civilian joint defense system.
Fourteenth people's governments at all levels shall regularly organize publicity and education on forest fire prevention and do a good job in forest fire prevention.
The local people's governments at or above the county level shall, according to the local natural conditions and the law of fire occurrence, stipulate the forest fire prevention period; In case of high fire danger weather such as high temperature, drought and strong wind during the forest fire prevention period, a martial law area for forest fire prevention can be designated and a martial law period for forest fire prevention can be stipulated.
Fifteenth during the forest fire prevention period, it is forbidden to use fire in the wild in the forest area; When fire is needed due to special circumstances, the following provisions must be strictly observed:
(a) burning wasteland, grassland, ash and manure, burning ridges, burning straws, burning mountains for afforestation, burning fire isolation belts and other productive fires must be approved by the people's government at the county level or the units authorized by the people's government at the county level, and a production fire license must be obtained.
Approved by the fire production, there should be a person in charge. Open fire isolation zones in advance, prepare fire extinguishing tools, and organize the use of fire in the weather below the third-grade wind to prevent fires.
(two) personnel entering the forest area must hold the certificate of entering the forest area issued by the local forestry authorities at or above the county level or their authorized units.
Personnel engaged in forest sideline production should work in designated areas, choose safe places to use fire, and set up fire isolation belts around them. After the fire is used, the residual fire must be completely extinguished.
(three) to enter the forest management area of state-owned enterprises and institutions, it is necessary to hold the certificate of entering the forest area issued by the forest management unit authorized by the provincial forestry department.
Article 16 During the forest fire prevention period, all kinds of motor vehicles driving in and passing through the forest area must be equipped with fire prevention devices, and other effective measures should be taken to prevent fire escape, fire emission and brake shoe falling off. Passenger trains and buses running in forest areas shall be educated on fire safety by drivers and passengers to prevent passengers from discarding kindling.
In areas where fire danger occurs along the railway, the forest fire prevention responsibility unit shall set up a fire isolation belt, equipped with patrol personnel, and do a good job in patrol and fire fighting.
Personnel who operate machinery and equipment in the field in forest areas must abide by the fire safety operation rules to prevent fires.
Seventeenth during the forest fire prevention period, it is forbidden to use guns to hunt in forest areas; Live-fire drills, blasting, survey, construction and other activities must be approved by the forest management units authorized by the provincial forestry authorities, and take fire prevention measures to prepare for fire fighting.
Article 18 During the martial law period of forest fire prevention, it is strictly forbidden to use fire in the wild in forest areas, and strictly control the use of fire by machinery and residents who may cause forest fires.
Nineteenth people's governments at all levels shall organize relevant units to carry out the construction of forest fire prevention facilities in forest areas in a planned way:
(a) setting up a fire lookout;
(2) Set up fire-proof isolation belts or build fire-proof forest belts around the inside of national boundaries, forests, forest margins, villages, industrial and mining enterprises, warehouses, schools, military camps, important facilities, places of historic interest and historical sites and revolutionary memorial sites;
(three) equipped with fire prevention vehicles, fire detection and fire extinguishing equipment and communication equipment;
(four) in key forest areas, the construction of fire roads, the establishment of fire prevention materials storage warehouse.
When developing forest areas and afforestation in plots, plans for the construction of forest fire prevention facilities should be formulated at the same time and implemented simultaneously.
Twentieth provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, the forest fire prevention headquarters or the competent forestry authorities shall establish a management system for the use of special vehicles, equipment, equipment and facilities for forest fire prevention, and conduct regular inspections to ensure the needs of fire prevention and extinguishing.
Twenty-first meteorological departments and competent forestry departments shall jointly establish forest fire monitoring and forecasting stations (points). Meteorological departments at all levels shall, according to the requirements of forest fire prevention, do a good job in monitoring and forecasting forest fire weather, especially in forecasting high fire weather. Newspapers, radio and television departments shall timely release forest fire weather forecast and high fire weather warning.
Chapter IV Fighting Forest Fires
Twenty-second any unit or individual once found a forest fire, must immediately put out, and promptly report to the local people's government or the forest fire prevention headquarters.
After receiving the report, the local people's government or the forest fire prevention headquarters must immediately organize local soldiers and civilians to put out the fire, and report to the provincial forest fire prevention headquarters or the competent forestry department step by step.
The provincial forest fire prevention headquarters or the competent forestry department shall immediately report the following forest fires to the office of the Central Forest Fire Prevention Headquarters:
(1) Forest fire near the national border;
(2) Major and extraordinarily serious forest fires;
(three) forest fires that caused more than one death or three serious injuries;
(4) Forest fires that threaten residential areas and important facilities;
(five) the forest fire has not been extinguished for twenty-four consecutive hours;
(6) Forest fires in undeveloped virgin forest areas;
(seven) forest fires in the border areas of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government;
(eight) forest fires that need the support of the central government.
Twenty-third forest fire fighting, unified organization and command by the local people's government or the forest fire prevention headquarters. Units and individuals that have received fire fighting orders must rush to the designated place to put out the fire.
Forest fire fighting shall not mobilize disabled professionals, pregnant women and children to participate.
Twenty-fourth when fighting forest fires, meteorological departments should do a good job in weather forecasting related to fires; Railway, transportation, civil aviation and other departments should give priority to providing transportation; Posts and telecommunications departments should ensure smooth communication; Civil affairs departments should properly resettle the victims; The public security department shall promptly investigate and deal with forest fire cases and strengthen public security management; Business, supply and marketing, food, materials and health departments should do a good job in material supply and medical rescue.
Twenty-fifth after the forest fire is extinguished, it is necessary to thoroughly inspect the fire site, remove the residual fire, and leave enough personnel to guard the fire site. Only after the local people's government or the forest fire prevention headquarters have passed the inspection and acceptance can the security personnel be withdrawn.
Article 26 State functionaries (including contract workers and temporary workers, the same below) who are injured, disabled or sacrificed in fighting forest fires shall be given medical treatment and pensions by their units; Non-state employees shall be given medical treatment and pension by the fire unit in accordance with the provisions of the relevant competent departments of the State Council. If the fire unit has no responsibility for the fire or is really unable to bear it, the local people's government will give medical treatment and pension.
Twenty-seventh fire funds paid in accordance with the following provisions:
(a) the wages and travel expenses of national staff during the fire fighting period shall be paid by their units;
(2) The living allowance for state workers who participated in the fire fighting, the lost time and living allowance for non-state workers who participated in the fire fighting, and other expenses consumed during the fire fighting shall be paid by the fire-fighting unit or individual according to the standards stipulated by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government; The fire is unknown, paid by the fire unit;
(3) The expenses that the fire accident unit, the fire accident individual or the fire accident unit is really unable to pay as mentioned in the second paragraph of this article shall be paid by the local people's government.
Chapter V Investigation and Statistics of Forest Fires
Twenty-eighth forest fires are divided into:
(1) Forest fire: the affected forest area is less than one hectare or other woodlands are on fire;
(2) General forest fire: the affected forest area is more than one hectare but less than one hundred hectares;
(3) Major forest fires: the affected forest area is more than 100 hectares but less than 1,000 hectares;
(4) Extraordinary forest fire: the affected forest area is more than 1000 hectares.
Article 29 After a forest fire breaks out, the local people's government or the forest fire prevention headquarters shall promptly organize relevant departments to investigate the time, place, causes, perpetrators, area and accumulation of the affected forest, fighting and rescue, material consumption, other economic losses, personal injuries and the impact on the natural ecological environment, and record them in the archives.
Forest fires listed in Items 1 to 3 of Paragraph 3 of Article 22 of this Ordinance, and forest fires that burn into residential areas, burn down important facilities or cause other heavy losses, shall be put out by the provincial forest fire prevention headquarters or the competent forestry department and reported to the office of the Central Forest Fire Prevention Command.
Thirtieth local forest fire prevention headquarters or the competent forestry department shall, in accordance with the requirements of forest fire statistics, make forest fire statistics and report them to the superior competent department and the statistics department at the same level. The forest fire statistics report shall be formulated by the competent forestry department of the State Council and reported to the national statistics department for the record.
Chapter VI Reward and Punishment
Thirty-first units and individuals that have the following deeds shall be rewarded by the people's governments at or above the county level:
(a) strict implementation of forest fire prevention laws and regulations, effective prevention and fighting measures, in the administrative area or forest fire prevention responsibility area, for more than three consecutive years without forest fires;
(2) Taking effective measures in time when forest fires occur, actively organizing firefighting, or playing an exemplary role in firefighting, with remarkable achievements;
(three) timely report forest fires, and try to put them out to avoid heavy losses;
(four) found arson, timely stop or report;
(five) in the investigation of forest fire cases;
(six) in the scientific research of forest fire prevention;
(seven) engaged in forest fire prevention work for more than fifteen years, and made remarkable achievements in the work.
Thirty-second any of the following acts from the first to the fourth, punishable by a fine of ten yuan to fifty yuan or a warning; Whoever commits the fifth act shall be fined between fifty yuan and one hundred yuan or given a warning; Whoever commits the sixth act shall be ordered to renew afforestation within a time limit, compensate for the losses, and may be fined from fifty yuan to five hundred yuan:
(a) during the forest fire prevention period, smoking in the wild and using fire at will did not cause losses;
(two) in violation of the provisions of this Ordinance, unauthorized entry into the forest area;
(three) the use of motor vehicles and mechanical equipment in violation of the provisions of these regulations;
(four) there are hidden dangers of forest fires, which are still not eliminated after being notified by the forest fire prevention headquarters or the competent forestry department;
(five) do not obey the command of the fire fighting headquarters or delay the fire fighting time, which affects the fire fighting and disaster relief;
(six) forest fires caused by negligence, which have not caused heavy losses.
Persons who are responsible for one of the acts listed in the preceding paragraph or who have dereliction of duty in forest fire prevention work may also be given administrative sanctions by their units or competent authorities depending on the circumstances and harmful consequences.
Article 33 The administrative punishment prescribed in Article 32 of these Regulations shall be decided by the competent forestry authorities at or above the county level or their authorized units.
If a party refuses to accept the decision on administrative punishment made by the competent forestry department or its authorized unit, it may bring a lawsuit to the people's court within one month from the date of receiving the notice of punishment; If neither prosecution nor performance is made at the expiration of the time limit, the competent forestry department or its authorized unit may apply to the people's court for compulsory execution.
Thirty-fourth violation of forest fire prevention management, in accordance with the provisions of the "Regulations of the people's Republic of China on administrative penalties for public security", should be detained, decided by the public security organs; If the circumstances and harmful consequences are serious and constitute a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated by judicial organs according to law.
Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions
Article 35 The forest areas mentioned in these Regulations shall be demarcated by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government according to local actual conditions and reported to the competent forestry authorities of the State Council for the record.
Article 36 The competent forestry authorities in the State Council shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Regulations.
Article 37 The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, in accordance with these Regulations and in light of local actual conditions, formulate implementation measures.
Article 38 These Regulations shall come into force as of March 1988.