Old Shanghai gangsters (2) Du Yuesheng [1] August 22, 1888, was born in Shanghai Chuansha (now belongs to the Shanghai Pudong New Area) Gaoqiao south of the Du family house. Before the age of four, his mother and father died one after another, and he was raised successively by his stepmother and uncle. At the age of fourteen, when he was first apprenticed to Hong Yuan Sheng Fruit Shop in Sixteen Shop in Shanghai, he worked with hooligans and thugs day and night and was addicted to gambling, and was soon dismissed from his job; he later transferred to Pan Yuan Sheng Fruit Shop as a clerk. Later, he was transferred to Poon Yuen Shing Fruit Shop as a clerk, and then he worshipped Chan Sai Cheong of Green Gang as his old man. Chen Shichang, when for the small east gate area of the hooligan leader, nicknamed "set sign ZiFuSheng", in the youth gang belongs to the "Tong" generation, DuYueSheng according to the order of the "Wu" generation. Through the relationship of Chen Shichang and others, Du Yuesheng was given the opportunity to enter the mansion of Huang Jinrong, who was the leader of the Qing Gang in Shanghai at that time. Due to Du's wit, cunningness and understanding, he soon gained the appreciation of the then head of the French Concession's Chinese detective and triad leader, and became his close friend, and was promoted from "servant" to "opium carrier", and was responsible for the operation of the "Kung Hing Club", which was one of the three major casinos in the French Concession. He was also responsible for the operation of one of the three major casinos in the French Concession, the "Kung Hing Club". In July 1925, Du Yuesheng, under the protection of the authorities of the Concession and the warlords, set up the "Sanxin Company" to monopolize the opium transportation in the French Concession and became one of the "Three Tycoons of Shanghai", together with Huang Jinrong and Zhang Xiaolin. He became one of the "Three Tycoons of Shanghai" together with Gold Wing and Zhang Xiaolin. Stirling Seagrave Seagrave in the "Sung Dynasty" described Du Yuesheng opium sales this smooth "global network": Du Yuesheng's many heroin are through official channels into the French market, due to the French Concession of Shanghai by Hanoi, rather than directly by the management of the Paris, which constitutes a Shanghai to Hanoi, Saigon and then up to the Marseilles This formed a shadowy transportation network from Shanghai to Hanoi, Saigon and on to Marseille, which was controlled by the powerful Corsican "Corsican Federation". This network was controlled by the powerful Corsican "Corsican Federation", which was more commonly known as the "Mafia". According to Seagrave's records, it is even believed that seven out of eight packets of heroin in the world at that time came from Du Yuesheng. In the same year, Du Yuesheng became the president of the General Association of Chambers of Commerce in the French Concession and the supervisor of the Taxpayers' Chinese Association. Du Yuesheng's wives (4) Shanghai three tycoons, there is a "Jinrong greedy money, Zhang Xiaolin good fight, Du Yuesheng will do people". Compared to Huang and Zhang, Du Yuesheng is indeed more skillful, he is good at coordinating the relationship between the various factions of the triad forces, good at dealing with the relationship between the various factions of the warlords, good at accumulating money, will spread money. He amassed a large amount of money by selling opium, opening gambling tables and other activities, and then used the ill-gotten gains to enlist all kinds of people in the society, from political dignitaries, literati to the backbone of the gangs, and everything in between. Du Yuesheng also do something to buy people's hearts, such as he continued for many years to buy the prevention of infectious diseases of the potion, sent to the Pudong home free distribution by household; whenever a disaster occurred in Shanghai and nearby areas, he will step forward to organize relief; sometimes out of the image of the maintenance of the interests of workers, mediation of labor disputes, and so on. He changed the traditional hooligans dressed in short beats, hand wearing a ring, rolled up the sleeves of the open dress, but four seasons wearing a long shirt, dressed in a gentleman, giving people a gentle and elegant image. Because he treated the ousted president Li Yuanhong well in Shanghai, Li's secretary-general wrote a couplet: "Three thousand guests under the door of Chunshen, and five feet of sky south of Xiaodu City". As a result, he was touted by his clique as the "contemporary Chun Shen Jun". He was also a socialite and made friends with celebrities, including Zhang Taiyan, Yang Du, and Qin Liankui, a famous lawyer. As a result, Du Yuesheng's social status continued to rise. In April 1927, Du Yuesheng, together with Huang Jinrong and Zhang Xiaolin, organized the China **** Progressive Association, which acted as a hitman for Chiang Kai-shek's suppression of the revolutionary movement. on the night of April 11, he designed to cheat and kill Wang Shouhua, a leader of the workers' movement in Shanghai, and then instructed the hooligans to suppress the workers' picket line. He thus gained the support of Chiang Kai-shek. After the establishment of the Nanjing government, he served as an advisor to the Commander-in-Chief of the Army, Navy and Air Force, as a Major General's Counselor of the Military Commission and as a Counselor of the Executive Yuan, which was a fictitious title but helped to raise his social status. In September of the same year, he became a temporary Chinese director advisor to the French Concession's Public Directors' Bureau, and in 1929 he became a Chinese director of the Public Directors' Bureau, the highest position for a Chinese in the French Concession. In 1929, Du Yuesheng founded the China Exchange Bank and became involved in Shanghai's financial industry. By befriending famous people in the financial sector such as Xu Xinliu, Chen Guangfu and Tang Shoumin, his banking business flourished. The original site of Du Mansion (17 photos)In 1930, Du Yuesheng bought 50 acres of land in his hometown and built the Du Family Ancestral Hall, and from June 8 to 10, 1931, he held a ceremony for the inauguration of the family rituals and a ceremony for "entering the ancestral hall by the master". Chiang Kai-shek personally presented a plaque saying "filial piety is always in abundance" to congratulate the Du Family Ancestral Hall. There were 5,000 people in the ceremonial procession, which started from the Dugong Hall in the French Concession and stretched for several miles, with police officers opening the way and drums and music vibrating in the morning. The Du Ancestral Hall held banquets for three days, with a thousand tables each day. Including the Songhu police commander Xiong Shihui, Shanghai mayor Zhang Qun and other important people of the party and the country have sent a plaque. The grand occasion, the cost of the huge, extremely prosperous for a while. After the banquet was over, this luxurious shrine became the largest underground morphine and heroin processing plant in the Far East. In 1932, Du Yuesheng began to organize the Heng Society, and on February 25, 1933, the opening ceremony was held. Du Yuesheng became the honorary chairman. The name of the society was taken as an allusion to the "Heng of the Moon", which was nominally a civil society with the aim of "advancing virtue and cultivation, advocating morality and righteousness, mutual trust and mutual assistance, serving the society and serving the country", but in fact, it was a gang organization. Du Yuesheng use this to collect disciples, to all aspects of society to extend the power. Heng society was first established, there are more than 130 people, to 1937 up to more than five hundred and twenty people, the Kuomintang Shanghai Party Department, Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Social Affairs. People from the press, movie industry and many other aspects participated in it. 1934, Du Yuesheng became the president of the local association. In July 1937, the Japanese imperialists launched the Lugouqiao Incident, and in August, they launched the August 13th Incident which attacked Shanghai. The people of Shanghai, like the whole country, put themselves into the heroic and tragic anti-Japanese struggle. Driven by the national demand for anti-Japanese resistance, Du Yuesheng participated in the Shanghai Anti-Enemy Resistance Association, serving as a member of the Presidium and director of the fund-raising committee. He took part in the labor activities and raised a large amount of towels, cigarettes and canned food, which were sent to the Anti-Enemy Rescue Association. He got some urgently needed communication equipments and armored safes for the army and sent them to the generals of the Chinese ****. At the request of Pan Hannian, the representative of the Eighth Route Army in Shanghai, he gave a thousand pairs of gas masks imported from foreign countries to the Eighth Route Army for use. In 1937, after the fall of Shanghai, Du Yuesheng refused the Japanese's solicitation and moved to Hong Kong in November. In Hong Kong, he continued his activities by utilizing his club connections. He served as vice president of the Red Cross Society of China, executive member of the Relief Committee, and chairman of the Shanghai Party Unification Working Committee, where he engaged in activities such as intelligence and planning the assassination of traitors. In 1940, he organized the People's Action Committee (PAC), a joint body of Chinese gangs supported by the Kuomintang, of which Du Yuesheng was the main leader, and thus became virtually the leader of the Chinese gangs. After the outbreak of the Pacific War in December 1941, Du Yuesheng moved to Chongqing and established the Hengshe General Association to develop his power in the rear. He organized the China Trade and Trust Company and the Tongji Company, exchanging goods with the fallen areas and enriching his own pockets. After the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan, Du Yuesheng returned to Shanghai at the beginning of September 1945, harvesting the old troops and reorganizing. In December 1946, Du Yuesheng was elected president of the Shanghai Senate, and although he was elected president with the highest number of votes, he resigned as soon as he was elected because the Kuomintang was not so supportive of him. Thereafter, he devoted himself to developing his influence in various industries, such as commerce, finance, transportation, culture, education, and journalism, and served as chairman, president, executive director, and school board member of half a dozen or so. In the spring of 1948, he participated in the "Constitutional National Convention" convened by the National Government and proposed Chiang Kai-shek as the president. In order to save the serious financial crisis, Chiang Kai-shek sent Chiang Ching-kuo to Shanghai to implement the market value reform and issue gold-dollar bills, requiring the public to exchange all foreign currencies and gold and silver held in the French market for gold-dollar bills. Du Yuesheng's son, Du Weiping, did not do exactly as he was told and was arrested by Chiang Ching-kuo for the crime of speculation, and was later sentenced to six months' imprisonment. After this incident, Du Yuesheng realized that he had lost his position in Shanghai, and in April 1949, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) won a series of victories in the war of liberation, and the liberation of Shanghai was just around the corner. on May 1, Du Yuesheng fled with his family to Hong Kong, where he died on August 16, 1951 at the age of 63 after a brief illness.
Editing Contributions
In the mainland press and books, people often read about Du Yuesheng, the leader of the old Shanghai youth gangs
Yuesheng's words, mostly about his various bad deeds, or occasionally mentioned that Du spoke of righteousness and backbone, and that he made some contributions to the war of resistance. Perhaps this is another side of the life of the tarnished triad leader. An article in the Beijing Daily asked Zhu Xiaoping, deputy director of the editorial board of the magazine Hai Nei and Overseas, to explain the legendary figure's contributions to the War of Resistance against Japan. According to the article, Du Yuesheng was a big leader of the Shanghai Qing Gang (also known as the Anqing Gang) in old China. Chiang Kai-shek seized power in the April 12 counter-revolutionary coup in 1927, and Du Yuesheng played a key role in the coup by hiring hooligans to send flags and smoke for the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions (SFTU), and luring and killing the chairman of the SFTU, Wang Shouhua, a member of the C*** Party, which resulted in the 800,000 members of the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions (SFTU) being left without a leader, and thousands of workers were killed by Chiang Kai-shek in a surprise attack. Thousands of workers were killed unawares by Chiang Kai-shek. As a big leader of the old Shanghai triad, Du Yuesheng had a lot of stains on his body, however, he was not pitch black. In the war of resistance, he had served as vice president of the Red Cross Society of China for many years, and had done some useful charitable work, especially when he served as vice president just before and after the war of resistance, and contributed to the relief of wounded soldiers and transportation of supplies, and the establishment of resistance forces. According to the article, Du Yuesheng made four major contributions to the War of Resistance. After the outbreak of the war of resistance, Du Yuesheng in the name of the vice president of the Red Cross Society of China to organize the Shanghai Municipal Ambulance Committee, rescue tens of thousands of anti-Japanese wounded soldiers and civilians August 13, 1937, the Japanese invaders attacked Shanghai, Shanghai defenders rose up to resist the war. Du Yuesheng in the name of the vice president of the Red Cross Society of China, the joint organization of the Shanghai Municipal Ambulance Committee, and at the same time set up 10 teams of ambulance, first aid team of 13 teams, 24 temporary ambulance hospitals, collecting 98 ambulance cars, and contracted public and private hospitals 16 shelters for the wounded soldiers and civilians. According to statistics, Du Yuesheng's leadership of ambulance transport medical work, *** rescue the anti-Japanese wounded soldiers and civilians 44,398 people. Since then, Du Yuesheng and planning in Songjiang, Kunshan, Suzhou, Wuxi, Hangzhou, Nanjing and other places to set up hospitals for serious injuries, hospitals each year, less than two to three hundred people admitted to the wounded, more than three to four thousand people. After the fall of Nanjing, the Red Cross Society of China and most of its staff retreated to Hankou. Du Yuesheng personally took the plane to Hankou, and the relevant government departments to unify and agree on the rescue policy, set up a temporary ambulance committee in Hankou, set up a medical team of 37 teams, and then gradually increased to 178 teams because of the need to *** nearly 3,000 staff members. According to statistics, by the end of the war, the total number of soldiers and civilians rescued by the Red Cross had reached 2.6 million. This considerable achievement was inseparable from the efforts of the vast number of Red Cross staff, but Du Yuesheng's leading role in it cannot be overlooked. Many of the supplies and vehicles needed for the rescue work came from Du's call, not excluding his own "destruction of his family". In this regard, he played a great role in calling on the groups he could influence, including his club organization, to donate to the war effort. In the war of resistance, he insisted on staying in Shanghai, including participating in the work of the Anti-Enemy Backup Association, until the fall of Shanghai in November, when he secretly retreated. In the war of resistance in Shanghai, with the creation of a 10,000 armed guerrilla forces, with the regular army, to participate in the war of resistance Du Yuesheng in the war of resistance in Shanghai, another major event is with the creation of the "Soviet and Zhejiang Action Committee Rangers" with the creation of the Dai *** to participate in the war of resistance. Although Dai's life to fight with the Chinese **** for their own mission, but in the war, his ideological tendency basically belongs to the Huangpu Department of the main war in the camp of young soldiers, in this point, "people's patriotism, who is not as good as me," Du Yuesheng and he is the same. The two were close friends, in the anti-Japanese this point and have *** knowledge, so the two agreed to set up a 10,000 armed guerrilla forces in Shanghai, to gangs and workers as the basis, with the regular army combat, and is responsible for purging spies and preventing treachery and other work. Du Yuesheng himself donated 5,000 fast and slow machine pistols, and the use of his influence, mobilized members of the club, workers, students, shopkeepers, unemployed young people enlisted in the army. in October, this only January hastily set up guerrilla forces, in Shanghai South City and Suzhou River with the regular army with the Japanese invaders, despite the poor combat power, but most of the members of the exceptionally brave and tenacious, for the sacrifice of the war of resistance of the Chinese nation. According to aftermath statistics: the Rangers killed more than 1,500 soldiers ****, wounded more than 500 people. It is said that Du Yuesheng was quite grieved, he was not heartbroken about the money, but mourned those young people who died for their country, many of whom were his disciples. After the relocation of the board of directors of the Red Cross Society of China in Hong Kong, Du Yuesheng personally presided over the work of raising funds for the ambulance service In the spring of 1938, the board of directors of the Red Cross Society of China relocated to Hong Kong, Du Yuesheng personally presided over the work of the board of directors of the Red Cross Society of China, and the establishment of the main office to accept overseas donations of materials and at the same time raise funds for the ambulance service. It can be said that Du Yuesheng was working very hard at this time. At that time, the KMT government also had a Central Relief Committee. "After the August 13th War, Chiang Kai-shek arranged Du Yuesheng to be a standing committee member of the committee, responsible for the work of the Ninth Relief District in Guangdong, Guizhou and Fujian provinces. In order to facilitate the work, Du Yuesheng will be the Ninth Relief District office and the Red Cross Society of China organs are co-located in Austin Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong, his residence is also in this apartment, and in Hong Kong's largest hotel has a room, specialized in contact with all parties. At that time, the overseas compatriots against the war donations and relief supplies to the refugees, are received by Du Yuesheng transported to Hankou or Chongqing. At the same time, Du was also responsible for collaborating with Dai to arrange intelligence gathering and counter-intelligence work in the fallen areas. It is said that the assassination of Zhang Xiaolin, another Shanghai gang leader, was also related to Du Yuesheng. In addition, the sensational Gao Zongwu, Tao Xisheng from the Wang group, and announced the "Wang secret treaty", also Du Yuesheng and Dai **** with the countermeasures. After the fall of Hong Kong, Du Yuesheng retreated to Chongqing, presided over the Red Cross Society work, handling the front rescue, rear air raid rescue, medical and other work In the beginning of the war of resistance, most of the overseas materials through Hong Kong transshipment of the domestic Du Yuesheng engaged in a beauty pageant
Du Yuesheng in the name of the Red Cross to handle the reception, transshipment, and for the cause of resistance to the war to make some contributions. After the fall of Hong Kong, the General Committee of the Red Cross moved to Chongqing in 1940, Du Yuesheng also retreated to Chongqing, presided over the work of the Association, handling the front rescue, rear air raid rescue, medical work, etc. In 1942, Du Yuesheng prepared to build the Chongqing Hospital, which had 300 beds at that time, with all the equipment of various departments, and it was the most advanced wartime hospital in the rear of the hospital, which was praised by the public opinion. In addition, Du Yuesheng did a lot of work in searching and purchasing and snatching strategic materials. After the victory of the war, Du Yuesheng returned to Shanghai, supervised the demobilization work in Shanghai, and assisted in restoring and strengthening the organization of the Shanghai Red Cross Branch, which laid the foundation for the Society to promote various social service work. After the 1950s, Du Yuesheng lived in Hong Kong, and in 1952, before he died, he told his wife: "Bring my bones back to Shanghai and bury them in my old home in Pudong Gaoqiao." But his last wish has not been realized, in November 1952, the remains were shipped to Taiwan, so far, the temporary residence of Taipei South effect of the foothills of the Dajian Mountain. Du Yuesheng not to go to Taiwan inside: Chiang Kai-shek take me as a night pot Du Yuesheng late in life had indignantly said: "Chiang Kai-shek take me as a night pot, used to stuffed to the bottom of the bed." This image is a metaphor for the tycoon to Chiang Kai-shek's complaints, but also after the loss of favor after the bleak situation of lamentation. After the war, Du Yuesheng thought he had worked hard, and wanted to take advantage of Chiang Kai-shek's opportunity to reward, fishing for an influential position over the official addiction, he set his sights on the mayor of Shanghai, at least as a deputy mayor. He put his eyes on the mayor of Shanghai, or at least a vice mayor. He passed this idea on to Daiasa, the director of the Military Intelligence. Dai understood and conveyed the idea to Chiang Kai-shek. At the end of August 1945, Du Yuesheng with a group of entourage, front and back to Shanghai in a hurry. Unexpectedly, halfway to the road, came a thousand true news, Chiang Kai-shek has appointed Qian Dajun as mayor of Shanghai, Wu Shao Shu as deputy mayor, responsible for the reception of Shanghai full powers. It turns out that Chiang Kai-shek's attitude towards Du Yuesheng has changed. To make Du Yuesheng frustrated thing is still behind: the train is almost to Shanghai, the disciples on board the report, the municipal government has notified the cancellation of the scheduled welcoming ceremony, and even has been set up by the pagoda has also been dismantled, the North Railway Station, but also posted "Du Yuesheng is the representative of the black forces", "Down with Du Yuesheng" and other slogans. Du Yuesheng heard of the gas on the gas, in order to avoid embarrassment, temporary change in Shanghai West Station. When the station, there is no one to Du Yuesheng beauty pageant
Members greeted. In the summer of 1946, Chiang Kai-shek for the embodiment of "democratic politics", ordered "popularly elected" members of the Shanghai Municipal Senate. Du Yuesheng believe, intends to run for the seat of the Speaker, so the organization of the disciples fanfare activities, put forward a variety of reasons to promote the Speaker of the post is not Du Yuesheng, and not hesitate to spend a lot of money canvassing. But just when he was on the verge of victory, Chiang Kai-shek sent a message that he hoped Pan Gongzhan would take the seat of the Speaker of the House. Pan Gongzhan is the backbone of the CC system and a close associate of Chiang Kai-shek. This was like cold water to Du Yuesheng, he knew that his arm could not be twisted, so he had no choice but to be a "gentleman" who knew what was happening, and after the election result he was elected as the Speaker of the House of Representatives, he immediately read a "resignation": "Shanghai is a big city, the Speaker of the House of Representatives has a great responsibility, and I am a very sick person, I can't take on this heavy responsibility, I failed to live up to all the generous intentions of all of you, I beg your forgiveness, and then reelected." Mayor Wu Guozhen, who presided over the election meeting, immediately said that he accepted to follow the original intention and reelected him. So a second vote was taken and Pan Gongzhan was elected Speaker. The conflict between Du Yuesheng and Chiang Kai-shek deepened At the end of the Third World War, Chiang Kai-shek was forced to step down from power amidst internal and external difficulties. Knowing that Chiang Kai-shek's dynasty had run out of steam, Du Yuesheng began to think of a way out. For the way back to do three things: sold a public house on the Du Mei Road, got 600,000 U.S. dollars; change the arbitrary spending for the amount of expenditure, cut employees, tightening of expenditure; went to Hong Kong once, to look for the preparation of the purchase of the residence. In late March 1949, Du Yuesheng returned to Shanghai, was invited to Nanjing by Chiang Kai-shek, said to him: "Shanghai seems to be difficult to hold, Mr. Du should be prepared, if necessary, with his family to Taiwan, to assist the party state * * * Figure the revival of the cause." Du Yuesheng seemed to anticipate Chiang Kai-shek's "concern", said quickly: "I am prepared to give up Shanghai after the retreat." Chiang Kai-shek had heard that the Chinese *** commissioned Huang Yanpei, etc., to persuade Du Yuesheng to stay in Shanghai, he did not want to Du Yuesheng was "united front" in the past, so he added a few words of caution: "Mr. Du and the central government has years of cooperation, the Republic of China in 16 years of the Qing Party, for the eradication of *** party Ding Ding Shanghai has made a great achievement, but also because of this with the *** party has a deep-seated grudge. The *** Party is about class and struggle, they will never let you go, do not have the slightest chance to go to Taiwan as soon as possible is best." Du Yuesheng's words were still half-light, half-dark: "Don't worry, President, I have absolutely no luck with the ****Party." Chiang Kai-shek was certainly not satisfied with what he heard, and the two sides parted on bad terms, but Chiang did not stop there, but also tried to fight to force Du Yuesheng to go to Taiwan. For the stay and go, Du Yuesheng has long been calculated to weigh. Although the Chinese **** side through Huang Yanpei and other persuade him to stay, but his own judgment against **** more than 20 years, the counter-revolutionary coup in April 12th, on the kill, including the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions Chairman Wang Shouhua, including many **** the proletariat, can be said to be a lot of blood, so do not dare not go. As for where to go? With Chiang Kai-shek suspicion has been born, all alone to Taiwan, is not a fence? Du Yuesheng chose to go to the so-called free port of Hong Kong.