1. At the beginning of insulin therapy, the first insulin dose is determined in three ways: (1) 0.4u × patient's body weight (kg) = daily insulin amount. (2) Fasting blood glucose mmol/L × 1.8 = daily insulin dose. (3) Fasting blood glucose mg/dl ÷ 10 = daily insulin amount.
2. Normal human physiology secretes 1 unit of insulin every 1 hour, 24 units a day and night.
3. After fasting blood glucose>7mmol/L, every 1mmol/L increase in blood glucose, additional 1.4 units of insulin; 2 hours after the meal blood glucose>10mmol/L, blood glucose every increase of 2mmol/L, additional 1 unit of insulin. Urine sugar 1 "+" increase insulin 2 to 4 units.
4. Insulin-sensitive people, 1 unit of insulin can reduce blood glucose 2.7mmol / L. 1 unit of insulin can digest sugar 10 to 15 grams, because of labor need to eat more one or two (50 grams) of staple food, need to be added to the 5 units of insulin, that is, 1 unit of insulin can reduce 10 grams of staple food to increase blood sugar.
5. For patients with fever, insulin is added 20% for every 1℃ increase in body temperature. When the patient has a serious infection, blood glucose is greater than 16.7mmol / L, any antibiotic is ineffective, must first use insulin to make blood glucose down before antibiotics can take effect.
6.The glucose-lowering effect of 1 unit of animal insulin is equivalent to that of 0.8 units of human insulin.
7. Insulin secretion, divided into the first phase and the second phase, the first phase of insulin secretion (within 10 minutes) is a recognized indicator for determining the early impairment of pancreatic islet function, which is an important cause of postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. Patients with fasting blood glucose >6.4 mmol/L or 2 hours postprandial blood glucose >10 mmol/L indicate that first-phase insulin secretion has completely disappeared.
Drug hypoglycemia
1.The hypoglycemic effect of 1 tablet of euglycemic is equivalent to 4 units of insulin; if you take 6 tablets of euglycemic on a daily basis and switch to insulin injections, the dosage will be 4×6=24 units.
2. When diabetic patients are given intravenous glucose drip, 2 grams of glucose need to add 1 unit of insulin. If 5% glucose is infused in 500 ml, then 12.5 units of insulin should be added.
3. Chromium picolinate (Tangan I) is used to lower glucose, and the efficacy can be seen only after 1 month of service.
4. Glucose-lowering drugs, all once a day are long-acting preparations, such as RuiYiNing, Wansuping; twice a day for the medium-acting preparations, such as euglycemic, Dameikang; three times a day for the short-acting preparation, such as Mepitza, Glycopyrrolimus.
5. One tablet of Eugenol before a meal is equivalent to three tablets of Eugenol after a meal.
6. Blood glucose 1mmol/L = 18mg/dl.
7. There is a report: take vitamin C900mg daily, vitamin E600mg, 3 months after the glycated hemoglobin can be reduced by 1%.
Exercise hypoglycemia
1. Strictly control the diet for 1 month, if the fasting blood glucose is still >7mmol/L, 2 hours after meal blood glucose >10mmol/L, you should start drug treatment.
2. Exercise should be started 1 hour after meal, and blood glucose can be lowered by 1 to 2 mmol/L after 1 hour of exercise. 3. The amount of exercise in 1 exercise unit refers to, walking: 100 steps per minute for 30 minutes; jogging: 110 steps per minute for 20 minutes; trotting: 120 steps per minute for 10 minutes. All of them can burn 800 to 1000 calories.