Industry ranks second in the Netherlands in terms of GDP, accounting for 23. 4% and 25% of employment. The main industrial sectors are chemical, metallurgy, machinery manufacturing, electronics, steel, shipbuilding, printing, diamond processing and food processing. Food processing, chemicals and machinery manufacturing are the three main pillars of industry in the Netherlands. About 80% of Dutch manufactured goods are exported. Petroleum products, chemical products, electronic and electrical products, textile machinery, food processing machinery, port equipment, transportation machinery, dredgers, greenhouse equipment and technology have strong competitiveness in the international market.
(I) Food Industry
The Netherlands is one of the world's largest producers of food, beverages and tobacco, and is the largest food exporter in the EU. The output value of this industry accounts for 25% of the total national industrial output value of the Netherlands, and the export value accounts for about 10% of the total export value of the Netherlands.
The Netherlands is the world's largest producer of milk and dairy products, with an average annual milk production of about 10 billion kilograms, nearly half of which is made into cheese, and the rest is used to produce a variety of dairy products, butter, milk powder and industrial ingredients. The main processors are Campina, Cobercot and Friesland. These three companies account for about 3/4 of the total production of dairy products in the U.S. The main companies producing food products are Unilever, Bolswessanen and CSM.
The Dutch brewing industry is well known all over the world, with the three most famous beer brands being Heineken, Bavaria and Grolsch. In 2005, Heineken's annual beer production amounted to 11.86 billion liters, and its beer sales revenue amounted to 10.796 billion euros, with a net profit of 760 million euros, representing an increase of 18.5% compared with the previous year.
Developed machinery manufacturing (such as Stork) and packaging industry (such as VanLeer) for the food industry to provide a variety of advanced equipment and products. Stork company design and manufacture of food, beverage and tobacco industry machinery and complete sets of equipment, the world's leading position in processing machinery.
(2) chemical industry
The Netherlands has 300 large and medium-sized enterprises engaged in the chemical industry, is the world's fifth largest exporter of chemicals.
In 2007, the Netherlands chemical industry output value of 12.8. 72 billion euros, the main products, including petrochemicals, synthetic rubber, cyanamide, polyester fibers, etc., the value of exports of chemical products amounted to 60.279 billion euros.
Royal Dutch Shell, Akzo Nobel and DSM three major chemical companies have been among the world's top 12 multinational chemical companies. In addition to producing basic chemical products such as petrochemicals (Shell) and bulk chemical products (DSM, Shell and AkzoNobel), they also produce fine chemical products and specialty chemical products, including a wide range of polymers, synthetic rubbers, cyanamide, plastic consumer products, polyester fibers, and ethylene-butadiene rubber.
Pharmaceutical industry is an important branch of the Dutch chemical industry, the main enterprises include Gist]brocades, Avebe and Purac, etc., mainly producing antibiotics, vaccines and other special products.
(C) Machinery Manufacturing and Electronic Industry
Daf ( DAF) trucks occupy an important position in the medium and heavy truck market in Europe. The German automobile industry also makes extensive use of parts produced in the Netherlands. HOOGOVEN steel company specializes in the production of automotive body with special steel. In addition, the Netherlands is also the world's major shipbuilding countries, focusing on the construction of tugboats, fishing boats, dredgers, gas tankers, speedboats and refrigerated ships and other special ships. The Netherlands production of port cranes, continuous loading and unloading equipment, terminal transportation vehicles, gangways, lifts, weighing machines and storage and transportation equipment and other port equipment, advanced technology, high degree of automation.
Philips is the world's electronics industry, one of the more competitive multinational enterprises, production and sales of products including lighting appliances, consumer electronics, multimedia, household appliances, electronic components, medical equipment, communications equipment and industrial electronic equipment. Oce (Oce) company is a large and medium-sized European copier production enterprises. 1996 April, Oce company merged with the German Siemens Nixdorf printing plant, consolidated its position in the field of copying, printing and graphic equipment.
The Netherlands focuses on environmental protection and has formed a mature and complete environmental protection industry. Air purification, sewage treatment, household waste recycling, soil improvement and water purification technologies are among the world's leading. In the international construction industry, the Netherlands water conservancy contracting enterprises and excavation dredging enterprises occupy an important position. Boskails, HAM, Van OordGroep, Ballast Nedam and Blankvoort and other companies have been among the world's top ten water conservancy dredging enterprises.
Two, agriculture
Agriculture accounts for 2. 6% of the Netherlands' GDP, accounting for 3% of employment, with livestock and horticulture as the main industries. Dutch agriculture is highly intensive and specialized, with leading technology in agricultural product processing and a perfect sales network. In the composition of agriculture, animal husbandry accounted for 43. 8%, horticulture accounted for 39. 5%, planting accounted for 9.2%, field crops accounted for 7.5%. The Netherlands is the world's second largest exporter of agricultural products after the United States, the important export of agricultural products are flowers, meat, dairy products, vegetables, potatoes, etc., of which the export of flowers, cheese and potato seeds ranked first in the world, of which flower plants accounted for about 43% of the world market, and mushroom exports ranked third in the world.
The Netherlands horticultural planting industry to science and technology as the guide to flower horticulture as a leader, the vast majority of products for export. The Netherlands attaches great importance to the cultivation of new varieties of flowers and horticulture, new products, an average of more than 1,000 new varieties launched each year.
The Dutch flower and horticulture industry is centered on the flower auction market, with first-class sea, land and air logistics system as the link, the planting enterprises and the consumer market are closely linked together, creating a miracle of the world's flower trade. 2009, flower exports amounted to 5.9 billion euros, accounting for 72% of the EU's total exports of flowers, bulb exports accounted for as much as 93%. In the world's largest flower auction market Flora Holland, fresh cut flowers annual sales of 5.5. 28 billion sticks, potted plants annual sales of 136 million plants.
The Netherlands vegetable cultivation varieties, high yield, which, tomatoes, cucumbers, carrots, bell peppers, mushrooms, cabbage, etc. In addition to meet the domestic market demand, but also a large number of exports, tomatoes, cucumbers, mushrooms exported to the European Union alone accounted for 25% of the total exports of similar products. 2009, the Netherlands potatoes, sugar beets, maize, onions, wheat production of 6.96 million tons, 5.49 million tons, 3.42 million tons, 11.22 million tons, 3.24 million tons, 1.24 million tons, 1.24 million tons, 1.24 million tons and 1.24 million tons of wheat production respectively. In 2009, the output of potatoes, sugar beet, corn, onions and wheat reached 6.96 million tons, 5.49 million tons, 3.42 million tons, 1.12 million tons and 1.08 million tons respectively. The Netherlands produces its own fruit, mainly apples and pears, but also produces strawberries, grapes, cherries, plums, etc. In 2010, the Netherlands exported 11.53 billion U.S. dollars of vegetables and fruits.
The livestock industry in the Netherlands is characterized by specialization and scale. 2009, the average stock of pigs on farms was 2,162, and the average stock of cattle was 162. As of December 2010, the Netherlands stocked 12.23 million pigs, 1.56 million sheep, 3.86 million cattle (including 2.61 million dairy cows), and 95.86 million chickens. 2.363 million tons of meat, 10.737 million tons of milk, and 578,000 tons of eggs were produced in 2010. 6.39 billion U.S. dollars were exported from the Netherlands in 2010, and 5.28 billion U.S. dollars were exported from the Netherlands in 2010, and 5.28 billion U.S. dollars were exported from the Netherlands in the form of dairy products and poultry eggs. exported 5.28 billion U.S. dollars.
Third, the service industry
Service industry is the pillar industry of the Dutch national economy, accounting for 74% of the total value of GDP, accounting for 72% of the number of employed people, mainly concentrated in the logistics, banking, insurance, the stock market, tourism and legal and other industries. In 2009, the total output value of the logistics industry in the Netherlands amounted to 31.028 billion euros.
The Netherlands has a highly developed water, land and air transportation network and communication system. Port of Rotterdam for Europe's first port, Amsterdam Schiphol Airport for Europe's third largest air cargo port. The Netherlands has become an extremely important commodity distribution center in Europe. ABN AMRO, ING, Rabobank and AEGON are among the Fortune 500 companies. Euronext Amsterdam is the fifth largest stock exchange in Europe.