After the air pollution, due to the source, nature, concentration and duration of the pollutants are different, the difference of meteorological conditions, geographic environment and other factors in the polluted areas, and even the age of the people, the different health conditions, the human body will have different hazards.
The impact of air pollution on the human body, the first is to feel uncomfortable, followed by physiological reversible reaction, and then further on the emergence of acute hazardous symptoms. The harm of air pollution can be roughly divided into acute poisoning, chronic poisoning, carcinogenic three.
(A), acute poisoning
Sex in the atmosphere in the lower concentration of pollutants, usually does not cause acute poisoning of the human body, but in some special conditions, such as factories in the production process of special accidents, a large number of hazardous gases leaked out of the outside world, outside the meteorological conditions of the sudden change, it will cause the crowd of acute poisoning. Such as India's Pabol pesticide plant methyl isocyanate leaks, directly endangering the human body, occurred 2500 people lost their lives, more than 100,000 people were victimized.
(2), chronic poisoning
Air pollution on human health chronic toxic effects, mainly manifested in low concentrations of pollutants, a long time after the continuous role of the human body, the emergence of the phenomenon of increased prevalence of disease, etc. In recent years, the incidence of lung cancer in Chinese urban residents.
In recent years, the incidence of lung cancer among urban residents in China has been very high, with the highest being in Shanghai, and respiratory diseases among urban residents are significantly higher than those in the suburbs.
(3) Carcinogenic effect
This is the result of long-term impact, is due to the pollutants for a long time in the body, damage to the body's genetic material, caused by mutation, if the germ cells mutated, so that the offspring of the body to appear a variety of abnormalities, known as the role of teratogeny; if the cause of the organism's cellular genetic material and the role of the genetic information of the sudden change, known as the role of mutagenicity; if the role of the induction of into the tumor known as the role of carcinogenicity. If it causes sudden changes in the genetic material and genetic information of the cells of an organism, it is also called mutagenicity. The "cancer" referred to here includes benign and malignant tumors. Carcinogens in the environment can be divided into chemical carcinogens, physical carcinogens and biological carcinogens. The process of carcinogenicity is quite complicated, generally there are initiation stage and promotion stage. Factors that can induce tumors are collectively called carcinogenic factors. Tumors caused by long-term exposure to carcinogenic factors in the environment are called environmental tumors. Atmospheric pollution can lead to a decrease in human life expectancy.
The so-called atmospheric pollution means that the normal atmosphere mainly contains nitrogen (78%), which is good for plant growth, and oxygen (21%), which is needed by human beings and animals, as well as a small amount of carbon dioxide (0.03%)
and other gases. When the atmosphere does not belong to the composition of the gas or material, such as sulfur compounds, nitrogen oxides, dust, organic matter, etc. into the atmosphere, air pollution occurs. Atmospheric pollution is mainly caused by human activities. The main sources of atmospheric pollution are: factory emissions, automobile exhaust, agricultural burning, forest fires, cooking fumes (including roadside barbecues), dust (including construction sites), and so on.
Air pollutants are mainly categorized into harmful gases (carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, photochemical smog and halogenated elements, etc.) and particulate matter (dust and acid mist, aerosols, etc.). Their main sources are factory emissions, automobile exhaust, agricultural burning, forest fires, cooking smoke (including roadside barbecues), dust (including construction sites), and so on.
Edit Hazards
Two, the harm to industrial and agricultural production
Air pollution on industrial and agricultural production is very serious, these hazards can affect economic development, resulting in a large number of human and material resources and financial losses. Atmospheric pollutants on the hazards of industry are mainly two kinds: one is the atmosphere of acidic pollutants and sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, etc., on industrial materials, equipment and construction facilities corrosion; the second is the increase in dust to the production of precision instruments, equipment, installation and debugging and the use of the adverse effects brought about by the adverse effects. The harm of atmospheric pollution on industrial production, from an economic point of view is to increase the cost of production, improve the cost and shorten the service life of the product.
Air pollution also causes great harm to agricultural production. Acid rain can directly affect the normal growth of plants, but also through the infiltration of soil and into the water column, causing soil and water acidification, toxic ingredients dissolved, thus toxic to plants and animals and aquatic organisms. Severe acid rain can cause forests to die and fish to become extinct.
Third, the impact on the atmosphere and climate
Air pollutants also affect the weather and climate. Particulate matter reduces atmospheric visibility and decreases the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground. Especially in large industrial cities, in the case of smog does not dissipate, daylight is 40% less than normal. Pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons in the upper atmosphere break down ozone in large quantities, leading to the "ozone hole" problem, which has become a global concern.
Particles emitted into the atmosphere from factories, power stations, automobiles, and small household coal stoves mostly have the role of water vapor condensation nuclei or frozen nuclei. These particles can adsorb water vapor in the atmosphere to make it condense into water droplets or ice crystals, thus changing the original precipitation (rain, snow) in the area. It has been found that downwind areas not far from large industrial cities receive more precipitation than other areas around them, which is known as the "Laporte effect". If acidic pollutants are trapped in the center of the particles, downwind areas can be hit by acid rain.
In addition to its adverse effects on the weather, atmospheric pollution is also raising concerns about its impact on the global climate. The greenhouse effect, triggered by the rising concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, is the most significant impact on the global climate. The warming of the earth's climate will bring many adverse effects to the human ecological environment, human beings must fully realize this.
Rivers are drying up, forests are decreasing, animals are going extinct, the ozone layer is being destroyed, and the greenhouse effect Greenhouse effect, acid rain, and ozone layer destruction are the environmental effects derived from atmospheric pollution. This kind of environmental pollution derived from the environmental effects of lagging, often in the pollution occurred at the time is not easy to be detected or predicted, but once it occurs that environmental pollution has developed to a fairly serious point. Of course, the most direct and easily felt consequence of environmental pollution is the degradation of the quality of the human environment, which affects the quality of life, physical health and production activities of human beings. For example, air pollution in cities causes air pollution and increased morbidity; water pollution deteriorates the quality of the water environment and the quality of drinking water sources in general, threatening people's health and causing premature births or malformations of fetuses, and so on. Serious pollution incidents not only bring health problems, but also cause social problems. As pollution increases and people become more aware of the environment, the number of disputes and conflicts among people caused by pollution increases every year. At present, environmental pollution problems are occurring in varying degrees all over the world, and the aspects with global impact include atmospheric environmental pollution, marine pollution, urban environmental problems and so on. With the globalization of the economy and trade, environmental pollution is also becoming more and more internationalized, and the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes that has emerged in recent years is a prominent manifestation of this. The destruction of the earth has brought about adverse effects on human beings, including the following: the ecological environment is in a very serious situation; firstly, soil erosion is serious, the speed of land sands is accelerating, the ecological function of forests is declining, the grassland resources are degraded, and the aquatic ecological environment system is still deteriorating; secondly, the pollution of the agricultural and rural water environments is serious, and the problem of food safety is becoming more and more prominent; thirdly, there is the invasion of harmful exotic species, the sharp decrease of biodiversity, the loss of genetic resources, and the destruction of biological resources. The situation of destruction of biological resources is not optimistic; fourthly, due to China's large population size, the natural population growth rate is high, resulting in the per capita possession of important resources related to the national economy and people's livelihoods is decreasing, and the resource crisis has appeared; fifthly, the ecological function continues to decline, the ecological security is threatened, the production of industrial solid waste has increased dramatically, the total amount of atmospheric pollution emission is still at a high level, global warming, the destruction of the ozone layer and so on. The current state of the ecological environment not only brings great destructive power to the ecological environment, but also restricts the coordinated development of the economy and society and slows down the socialist process. First of all, the great destruction of the ecological environment has caused us great economic losses. Take the annual floods in China as an example, after a disaster, thousands of people leave us forever, a large number of people become homeless, countless beautiful homes are destroyed, countless good land is submerged by floods, plus the transportation disruption due to the destruction of roads and so on, let's carefully estimate, are we not suffering a huge loss in the economy? Secondly. Waste water. Waste water. Waste water. Waste gas. Waste residue and other waste discharged arbitrarily, resulting in the atmosphere. Rivers. Land has been polluted, the ecological environment has been seriously damaged, but also seriously harm the physical and mental health of the masses of people; again, due to the serious destruction of vegetation resulting in serious soil erosion, desertification of the land is becoming more and more serious, forcing many farmers to go far away from their hometowns, and most of them do not have a fixed place to stay, which aggravates the factors of social instability. In fact, there are many other evils brought about by the destruction of the environment. ② Causes of Environmental Pollution In general, environmental pollution can be the result of human activities, can also be the result of natural activities, or the result of these two types of activities **** the same role. Volcanic eruptions, for example, emit large amounts of dust and sulfur dioxide and other harmful gases into the atmosphere, which also cause pollution of the atmosphere. However, environmental pollution is usually caused more by human activities, especially socio-economic activities. What we usually refer to is this type of environmental pollution originating from human activities. The reason why human activities cause environmental pollution is that human beings are fundamentally different from other organisms: in addition to their own production, human beings also produce material on a much larger scale than all other organisms do. Because of this, the intensity of human activity is far greater than that of other organisms. For example, when it comes to the use of water in an ecosystem, other organisms only take the amount required for their survival, whereas humans use water many times more than other organisms, so much so that in some localized ecosystems all the water is not enough. The sources of pollutant emissions are called sources of pollution. The various sources of pollution are described in Section IV. Environmental pollution can be categorized in different ways. According to the polluted environmental system belongs to the type or the dominant element, can be divided into atmospheric pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, etc.; according to the source of pollution in the social field, can be divided into industrial pollution, agricultural pollution, transportation pollution, etc.; according to the form or nature of pollutants can be divided into exhaust pollution, wastewater pollution, solid waste pollution, as well as noise pollution, radiation pollution, etc..