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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI), Japan's largest military producer, received 280 billion yen in military orders from the Defense Agency in 2003, the highest of any military producer. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries produces equipment, such as F-2 and F-15J fighters, as well as 90 tanks, in the Air Self-Defense Force and the Ground Self-Defense Force have played a central role in the Maritime Self-Defense Force, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries has built almost half of the submarines, and one-third of the destroyers. Its position in Japan's military industry is evident.
History and Overview
The predecessor of MHI can be traced back to the Meiji Restoration, when Mitsubishi's founder, Yataro Iwasaki, leased the Nagasaki Shipbuilding Bureau of the Ministry of Public Works from the Ministry of Industry and named it Nagasaki Shipbuilding Office in 1884, which was later transformed into the Mitsubishi Shipbuilding Corporation. By 1934, as the company's business had expanded to include heavy machinery, aircraft, and railroad cars, the company was renamed Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Co.
After the end of the Second World War, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries was divided into three companies, West Japan Heavy Industries, Central Japan Heavy Industries, and East Japan Heavy Industries in 1950 due to the policy of the U.S. occupation authorities to dismantle the zaibatsu. However, following changes in U.S. policy and Japanese domestic politics, the three companies were merged in 1964, and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. was reestablished to the present day. During this period, the automobile division of MHI became independent as "Mitsubishi Automotive Industries, Ltd." in 1970.
At present, MHI's business covers machinery, ships, aerospace, atomic energy, electric power, transportation, etc. As of April 1, 2004, it had a registered capital of 265.6 billion yen and 34,306 employees. It has nine overseas offices or representative offices, nine branch offices, six research institutes, and nine business locations. Annual order volume was 215.92 billion yen (April 1, 2003 to March 31, 2004), and annual sales were 19,401 billion yen (as of the same date). In terms of the ratio of sales by sector to total sales, the Shipbuilding & Marine Sector accounted for 8%, the Nuclear Sector 8%, and the Nuclear Sector 8%. The Marine & Offshore Sector accounted for 8%, the Nuclear Energy Sector accounted for 23%, the Machinery & Steel Construction Sector accounted for 20%, the Aerospace Sector accounted for 17%, the Vehicle Sector accounted for 17%, and the Aerospace Sector accounted for 17%. Aerospace sector accounted for 17%, vehicles, machine tools and other industrial sectors accounted for 29%, and other industries accounted for 3%.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries is a member of the Mitsubishi Zaibatsu. Today's Japanese Zaibatsu, in the form of the so-called keiretsu (Japanese kanji "series" pronunciation). The Mitsubishi series of companies are all members of the Mitsubishi Group organization, the "Golden Obsidian Society" (meaning the Friday Club), and include (for the sake of consistency, this article uses their names in Japanese kanji or their original names in English):
Asahi Glass (glass and chemical company), Kirin Brewery, Nippon Oil, Tokio Nichido Fire Insurance, Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi, Nikon Fire Insurance, Tokyo Mitsubishi Bank, and Nippon Oil. Mitsubishi Corporation, Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Nikon Camera, Nippon Yusen, P.S. Mitsubishi (construction), Mitsubishi Aluminum, Mitsubishi Chemical, Mitsubishi Chemical, Mitsubishi Chemicals, Mitsubishi Gas Chemicals, Mitsubishi Jisho (real estate), Mitsubishi Automotive, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Mitsubishi Plastics, Mitsubishi Corporation, Mitsubishi Trust and Banking Corporation, Mitsubishi Shinpō, Mitsubishi Steel, Mitsubishi Paper, Mitsubishi Warehouse, Mitsubishi Corporation, Mitsubishi Corporation, Mitsubishi Corporation, Mitsubishi Corporation. Mitsubishi Warehouse, Mitsubishi Research Institute, Mitsubishi Electric, Mitsubishi Cable Industries, Mitsubishi Fuso Bus, Mitsubishi Materials, Mitsubishi Rayon, Meiji Heavy Industries, Mitsubishi Plastics, Mitsubishi Corporation, Mitsubishi Trust Bank, Mitsubishi Shin Copper, Mitsubishi Steel, Mitsubishi Paper, Mitsubishi Warehouse, Mitsubishi Research Institute, Mitsubishi Materials, Mitsubishi Rayon, Mitsubishi Rayon, Mitsubishi Rayon, Mitsubishi Materials, and other companies. "), Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance.
The same series of companies are able to work more closely with each other, and each company can provide good products or lower prices for other sister companies in their own areas of responsibility. For example, by the Japan Post is the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries shipbuilding sector of the order of the big, Mitsubishi Electric for Mitsubishi Heavy Industries to provide electromechanical products, Mitsubishi Steel, Mitsubishi copper, Mitsubishi Aluminum and Mitsubishi Materials and other companies, can be Mitsubishi's ships and aerospace sector to provide reliable raw materials. Companies such as the Bank of Mitsubishi and Tokio Marine can provide loans and special insurance services (e.g., space launch insurance). Optical products, for which Nikon is responsible, and new materials, for which Mitsubishi Plastics is responsible, are essential components for high-tech weapons.
The Mitsubishi Group is also peripheral to a number of affiliated companies and social organizations, including the following:
"IP Talk" Group (engaged in the telephone card business), Atami Yangwadong (a memorial to Koyota Iwasaki), MT Insurance Services Co. Ltd. (a hotel that utilizes the former residence of the Iwasaki family), Koiwai Farmers and Ranchers, Shonan Suburban Club, Shizukado Bunko Museum, Sogo Group (a property management company that mainly serves the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi), Dai Nippon Paint, Dia Foundation for Research on Ageing Societies, Diamond Family Club (a matchmaking organization financed by the 29 companies of the Kinko Kaidan*** that serves mainly the in-house group), Chitose Kougyo, Toyo Bunko, Yorozu Marunouchi (a real estate brokerage and advertising agency that serves as an agent for real estate and advertisements), Chitose Kogyo, Toyobunko, and Yorozu Marunouchi. (a real estate brokerage and advertising agency), Mitsubishi Kinko Kaisha (a fellowship of the chairmen and general managers of the 29 Mitsubishi companies), Mitsubishi Club, Mitsubishi Institute of Economic Research, Mitsubishi Broadband Newspaper Committee, Mitsubishi Foundation, Mitsubishi CC Research Institute (an IT industry research institute), Mitsubishi Shimin (Mitsubishi Corporate Name and Trademark) Committee, Mitsubishi Market Research Association, Mitsubishi Yoho-kai (a club that focuses on sports and health), LEOC Japan, and Mitsubishi Yokai (a sports and health club that is funded jointly by the 29 Mitsubishi companies). ), and LEOC Japan (a company engaged in medical care and company cafeteria management).
It can be seen that through the collaboration and division of labor of the large group, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries is able to obtain a wide range of support such as capital, technology, raw materials, upstream products, financial services, sales, and so on, from sister companies and organizations. This is very favorable to the development of the enterprise.
The following is an introduction to the military-related divisions of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries:
Marine? Marine Division
The marine industry is the earliest division of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. Currently, of the four divisions under this division, three shipyards, Nagasaki, Kobe, and Shimonoseki, build military products.
Nagasaki Shipyard: Nagasaki Shipyard had built "Musashi" battleships during World War II, and is currently the Self-Defense Force's main destroyer manufacturer, has built a number of types of ships such as the Taijutsu Wind, Flag Wind, Haruna, Asamoi, Vajra, and Takanami class. The latest Takahei-class destroyer, the No. 4 ship, "Lei" (さざなみ、sazanami) was commissioned in February 2005 at the Nagasaki Shipyard.
The Nagasaki Shipyard consists of the Headquarters, Kayaki Factory, Komachi Factory, and Isahaya Factory. It has a total area of 242,012,027 square meters (2004 figures), a floor area of 929,976 square meters, and a workforce of 6,299. This plant is the main surface ship construction site for the Maritime Self-Defense Force (MSDF). As of April 2004, it has built 105 ships of 522,000 displacement tons and repaired 266 ships of 858,000 displacement tons for the MSDF.
The Department currently has a 225,000-ton shipyard, an 80,000-ton shipyard, 300,000-ton and 95,000-ton ship repair dock each one. And it has 5 sections of shore wall of 1120 meters with water depth of 6 to 10 meters.
Kouyaki Factory, a shipbuilding factory completed in 1972, has one 1,000,000-ton shipyard with a length of 990 meters, a width of 100 meters, and a depth of 9.55 to 14.5 meters, and one 500,000-ton ship repair dock, and has 3 sections of the quay wall of 1,053 meters, with a depth of water of 9.5 meters.
The Koumachi Plant is a manufacturing plant for marine engines, generators, rudders, compressors and other equipment.
The Isahaya Plant is a general assembly plant for military products, and also manufactures attitude and orbit control systems for rockets and artificial satellites, and solar cells.
According to figures given by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, the annual production capacity of Nagasaki Shipyard is 1.9 million gross tons for newbuilding and 5.5 million gross tons for ship repair. Land? Steam turbines for ships 4 million kilowatts, marine propellers 100 sets. in 2004, the plant's product production amounted to 379.6 billion yen, of which ships? steel structure products accounted for 39%, marine equipment accounted for 9%, land-based boiler and steam turbine equipment accounted for 42%, aerospace and other products accounted for 10%.
Kobe Shipyard: Kobe Shipyard produced submarines before World War II, and became a professional submarine manufacturer for the Self-Defense Forces after the war, and the submarines of the Maritime Self-Defense Forces were all constructed in the plant and Kawasaki Heavy Industries' Kobe Shipyard. Kobe Shipyard has built Kasumi class, Yushio class and Kissho class submarines, and the latest Kissho class submarine, the ***, was commissioned in March 2005 at the shipyard.
In fact, the shipyard's main products are concentrated in the field of nuclear energy and power generation, and its products include pressurized water reactors, nuclear power generator sets, etc. To date, it has completed the construction of 23 nuclear power generator sets, with a power of 20 million kilowatts***, and has formed a perfect production capacity for the design of nuclear power generator sets, nuclear power units. 53% of the shipyard's sales of 291.8 billion yen in 2004 came from the generator and nuclear power field, and only 22% from the ship? marine field. The fact that a single plant is responsible for both submarine and reactor construction is a very noteworthy development.
The shipyard's construction division consists of the main office, which is responsible for ship repair work, and the Futami plant, which is responsible for casting, assembly of large machinery, and production of nuclear power-related products. The two factories currently **** cover an area of 1.17 million square meters, with 452,300 square meters of floor space and 4,607 employees.
Shimonoseki Shipyard: Located in Shimonoseki, at the western end of Honshu, Shimonoseki is one of the production sites for the Self-Defense Force (SDF)'s small ships, and is where the Maritime Self-Defense Force (MSDF)'s newest missile boat, the Hayabusa class, is produced, the No. 1 and No. 2 boats. Currently, the plant has one 33,000-ton slipway, one slipway dedicated to 600-ton light alloy hulls. 40,000-ton, 17,000-ton, 4,000-ton and 1,000-ton docks.
YOKOHAMA FABRICATIONS: This factory is mainly engaged in the production of diesel engines, steam turbines, and marine auxiliary engines, and also undertakes ship repair business, and its Honmoku factory has two ship repair yards.
The "general-purpose machine" refers to all kinds of civilian machinery, and "special vehicle" is the abbreviation of "special vehicle", which means military or security vehicles. This division produces vehicles for military and security use. This division produces the main armored combat vehicles for the Ground Self-Defense Force, including Type 90 tanks, Type 89 infantry fighting vehicles, Type 87 self-propelled anti-aircraft guns, Type 90 tank recovery vehicles, Type 91 bridge tanks, and other models. It also produced the 6NMU non-magnetic engine for the Maritime Self-Defense Force's minesweepers.
Sagamihara Plant: This plant is part of the Special Vehicle Division of the Vans, and is located in Sagamihara City, Kanagawa Prefecture, near Tokyo. It also produces military vehicles for the Special Vehicle Division. In addition to military vehicles, the plant also produces construction machinery, various generators and engines, and other civilian products.
In recent years, the Special Vehicle Division has established a new production base in Chitose, Hokkaido.
Aerospace Division
The Aerospace Division consists of the Aerospace Department, the Military Aircraft Department (Defense Aircraft Department in Japanese), the Guided Weapons Department (Guided Machinery Department in Japanese), and the Civil Aircraft Department (Civil Aircraft Department in Japanese). ("Defense Aircraft Division"), Guided Weapons Division ("Induced Devices Division" in Japanese), Civil Aircraft Division ("Civil Aircraft Division" in Japanese), and Aerospace Division ("Space Equipment Division" in Japanese).
MHI's aerospace division has a long history, having built the Japanese Navy's first domestically produced fighter, the Type 10 naval fighter, in the 1920s, as well as a variety of other notable products before and during World War II, including the Type 89 Naval Attack, the Type 96 Land Attack, the Type Zero Naval Combat, and the Type 1 Land Attack. After World War II, the division copied the F-86F fighter in the 1950s and the F-104J in the 1960s, before entering large-scale military production in the 1970s. Currently, the division's main products are as follows:
Aeronautical products (including licensed production and assembly): including F-2, F-15J, F-1, F-4EJ and other types of fighters, T-2 trainers, SH-60J, UH-60J, HSS-2B, MH-53E and other types of helicopters, YS-11, MU-300 and other types of civil aircraft, a variety of aviation The company also undertakes the subcontract production of Boeing 777, Boeing 747, Airbus A-340 and other aircraft components.
Aerospace products: H-IIA rocket, Japanese part of the International Space Station. We are also developing a cryogenic rocket engine with higher thrust and other spacecraft such as the Space Shuttle.
Other weaponry: Patriot missiles, ASM-2 airship missiles, SSM-1 ship-to-ship missiles, AAM-3 air-to-air missiles, Type 97 torpedoes.
Nagoya Aerospace Systems: This factory is the fighter and helicopter production plant of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI), and its products cover all types of airplanes and rockets produced by MHI, as mentioned above, and it is also the main fighter and helicopter manufacturer of the Air Self-Defense Force (ASDF) and the Maritime Self-Defense Force (MSDF). The plant has three factories: the Omi Factory is responsible for research and development, management, and manufacturing of some parts, and the Hashima Factory is responsible for general assembly of aerospace products and some sub-assembly of aerospace products. The Komaki Minami Plant is responsible for final assembly and test flights of aerospace products.
The plant is also responsible for the testing and production of Japan's maglev train technology. The trains currently used on the Yamanashi Line, Japan's Maglev test line, were developed at this plant in conjunction with Tokai Railway Co.****.
Nagoya Guided Propulsion Systems Factory: This factory is responsible for the production of various types of aero-engines and rocket engines, guided weapons and guidance heads. Under the headquarters factory and Tashiro test site. 2003 ~ 2004 fiscal year, the factory production amounted to 139.6 billion yen, of which 50% of the missile products, 34% of the aero-rocket engines, 16% of other guidance equipment. Its products include all types of missiles and guided weapons produced by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, as mentioned above, as well as engines for H-2A rockets.
The company is currently the main producer of Patriot missiles for the Self-Defense Forces and is about to start production of Patriot III missiles, and if Japan participates in the ballistic missile defense system, the plant will be the main contractor for sea-based and land-based interceptors. The plant will be a major contractor for sea-based and land-based interceptors if Japan participates in ballistic missile defense systems.
Other Manufacturing Organizations
Hiroshima Works: This plant's product line covers a wide range of mechanical products. Notably, the plant was responsible for the construction of Japan's Uranium Enrichment Plant in Rokkasho, Aomori Prefecture, which uses centrifugation to obtain enriched uranium and has a design capacity of 1,500 tons of SWUs (Separation Work Units), making it the world's largest nuclear waste disposal site, with the name of the plant being for the safe disposal of nuclear waste.
Takasago Works: This plant produces a variety of power units, with a current annual production capacity of 4 million kilowatts for thermal and nuclear power generating units, 7.2 million kilowatts for gas turbines, and 2 million kilowatts for hydroelectric units. The factory covers an area of 980,500 square meters, with a building area of 223,206 square meters and 3,380 employees.
Research and Development System and Organization
The organization in charge of research and development at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries is the Technical Headquarters.
The Technical Headquarters consists of various research institutes and the Technical Training Department, the Technical Planning Department and the Intellectual Property Department.
The main research institutes of the Technical Headquarters are the research institutes, which include:
Advanced Technology Research Center: Located in Yokohama City, the center focuses on cutting-edge technologies in the areas of electric power, environment, transportation and defense, and industry, such as solar cells, thin-film technology, new elements, laser technology, and a variety of sensing technologies.
Nagasaki Research Institute: The main focus is on technologies related to fluid power, materials, processes, acoustics, and guidance for the shipbuilding industry. It has the world's largest privately owned test pools, including a propulsion pool, a seaworthiness pool, a shallow water pool, a water hole, and an ice pool. It can be regarded as one of the most important research bases for the Japanese shipbuilding industry.
Takasago Research Institute: Located in Takasago City, Hyogo Prefecture, the Institute is mainly engaged in energy, transportation and power research, including gas turbines, nuclear power, highway information systems, air conditioning and refrigeration or heating equipment, robotics, and generator set management.
Hiroshima Research Institute: The Institute focuses on cutting-edge technologies, including new materials, solid polymer batteries, fuel cells, X-ray cameras, and high-purity hydrogen production equipment. The Institute is also engaged in research on iron and steel, chemical, construction, transportation, printing and wind power generation technologies.
YOKOHAMA RESEARCH INSTITUTE: The main focus is on technologies related to environmental protection, including garbage disposal, sewage treatment, etc. It also conducts research in the field of engines such as diesel engines and steam turbines.
Nagoya Research Institute: The Institute specializes in industrial design solutions for a variety of fields, including machinery, ships, and architecture. It also conducts research in the areas of fluid power, acoustics, electronic guidance, polymer chemistry, new materials and processes.
In summary, after hundreds of years of development, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries has a perfect R & D, manufacturing, sales system within the enterprise, and with the Mitsubishi system of other sister companies also formed a good division of labor and collaboration. Its current scale of military production, only in the "maintenance" state of the embodiment, compared with the real military production potential behind it, just the tip of the iceberg.