Source: China Essay Download Center [ 08-11-11 15:45:00 ] Author: Li Xuebin, Huang Ruiya Edited by studa20
Keywords: Teaching Management; Scientific Outlook on Development; Institutions, Medicine
The Third Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Party puts forward the scientific outlook on development, which is. "Adhere to the people-oriented, establish a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable concept of development, and promote the comprehensive development of the economy, society and people." It is the general guiding ideology to guide the social and economic development in the new period, which is of great significance to the development of higher medical education in China. The basic connotation of the scientific concept of development, the first is to emphasize people-oriented; the second is to emphasize development, including comprehensive development, coordinated development and sustainable development.
In the new historical period, China's higher medical school teaching management is facing many difficulties and challenges, we only under the guidance of the scientific concept of development, teaching management around the main line of improving the quality of teaching to carry out teaching management, in order to better overcome the difficulties, meet the challenges, for the development of China's medical education.
1 In the new historical period, China's higher medical schools teaching management facing difficulties and challenges
1.1 The impact of the massification of higher education on the teaching management of higher medical schools In 2005, China's university enrollment rate reached 21%, has entered the era of massification of higher education. In the context of the massification of higher education, the number of students enrolled in China's higher medical schools has increased dramatically, while teaching resources can not be synchronized with the growth, which has put forward many new topics to the teaching management of higher medical schools.
1.1.1 The number of teachers is obviously insufficient The medical education in Europe and the United States is mostly based on the long school system, small class teaching mode, the student-teacher ratio of 5:1; the United States from 1996 to 2001, the student-teacher ratio of medical schools for the students is 1.43-1.56:1. After the expansion of China's medical schools and universities, the number of students increased dramatically, while the number of teachers has not been increased proportionately, and the ratio of students to teachers has Some of them have already exceeded 14:1 [1]. According to the new undergraduate teaching level assessment index system of the Ministry of Education, the student-teacher ratio of medical undergraduate colleges and universities should be less than 9:1 in order to reach the A-level standard. The insufficient number of teachers has brought great difficulties to the teaching organization of medical schools, making it difficult to implement many teaching reforms.
1.1.2 Decline in the overall level of teachers Some medical schools, in order to reduce the student-teacher ratio as soon as possible, have taken the approach of lowering the entry requirements for college teachers, making the level of teachers uneven and the overall level of decline. In addition, due to the lack of teachers, teachers are busy coping with the daily teaching and overloaded lectures, some teachers average weekly hours of 35 hours or more, it is difficult to do a good job of adequate preparation for the class, have no time to pay attention to the study of teaching methods and scientific research, the level of teaching can not be improved.
1.1.3 Teaching Facilities and Logistics Overload Due to the rapid and massive increase in the number of students, classrooms, laboratories, experimental equipment, network facilities, sports venues, logistics, etc. are in a state of overload. In order to alleviate the contradiction of insufficient teaching resources, some medical schools have adopted methods such as shortening the unit class time, cutting experimental classes and implementing cyclic teaching, which ultimately leads to the "shrinkage" of teaching content. Students do not get the basic skills training due to the tight laboratory room, teaching instruments and equipment and teaching specimens. Such as anatomy class cadaver specimens, some colleges and universities in the "local anatomy" class, the number of cadaver specimens used for the actual operation of students from the expansion of every 8 students **** a cut of 25 to 50 people **** a cadaver specimen.
1.1.4 With the expansion of medical schools is accompanied by a decline in the overall quality of the student body A large number of enrollment expansion, so that many medical schools to reduce the entry requirements of students, the overall quality of the student body decline. In developed countries in Europe and the United States, medical education is elite education, must be after four years of ordinary polytechnic university graduation to apply for medical school, medical school admissions in addition to see the student's test scores, but also through the interview to ensure that the source of enrollment to have the basic quality of medical students. In China's current enrollment system, has not been able to give medical schools priority in choosing students, there is no interview system, medical schools can only be based on the candidate's college entrance examination results, the candidate's many conditions and qualities can not be understood.
1.1.5 After the increase in the number of students, the practice teaching base also appears to be quite a lack of A considerable part of the medical school hospital beds and the number of students in the school of clinical medicine in the ratio of less than 1.0, and some even less than 0.5; internship hospitals beds are also seriously insufficient, forcing medical schools to reduce the internship hospitals to accommodate the expansion of the student standard. The shortage of beds in affiliated hospitals and internship hospitals has led to the lack of clinical practice places and objects for medical students. Moreover, with the ever-increasing demands of the society on the medical profession and the changes in the intrinsic requirements of medical morality and ethics, the traditional teaching of clinical skills, which mainly focuses on patients, is facing a great dilemma after the increase in the number of students. Medicine is a highly practical and comprehensive discipline, if the quality and quantity of practical teaching is not guaranteed, it will inevitably lead to a decline in the quality of medical teaching.
1.2 The impact of the internationalization of education on the teaching and management of higher medical schools After entering the 21st century, the integration of the global economy and the rapid progress of modern science and technology has become the trend of China's economic development and social progress, the reform of the health service model and system, as well as scientific and technological advances in medical diagnosis, treatment, prevention of the development of the theory, methods and means of the traditional personnel training model put forward new challenges, while the domestic higher education. The leapfrog development of domestic higher education and China's accession to the WTO have brought about significant changes in the structure and demand for medical personnel, which has put medical education under unprecedented pressure [2]. The gap between China's higher medical education and the developed countries is becoming more and more prominent, how to make China's higher medical education system with international standards, to train medical talents who can accept the challenges of global economic integration, this is another major issue facing the teaching and management workers of China's higher medical colleges and universities at present.
1.3 Networking, information technology on the impact of higher medical school teaching management With the high-speed development of the Internet, the arrival of the era of information technology, medical students to receive information, learning knowledge of the pathway increased significantly, speed up. How to apply the network, multimedia and other modern educational methods and means to promote the improvement of teaching quality is the reality of the higher medical school teaching management departments face. This requires higher medical school teaching management department to fully understand the importance of modern educational technology, in the correct guidance of students to use the Internet, training of teachers, network construction, network courses and the construction of network courseware and other aspects of effort.
1.4 The transformation of the medical model to the higher medical school teaching management of the issues raised by the modern medical model has been from the biological - medical model to the biological - psychological - social medical model, requiring medical personnel from the concern for the disease to pay attention to the whole person, the doctor is not only responsible for a certain disease, but also for the health of life, the doctor should be responsible for a certain disease, but also for the health of life. Doctors should not only be responsible for a certain disease, but also for life and health. This puts forward new and higher requirements for the quality of medical students, while the current medical education system and teaching methods in China are not well adapted to the new medical model. This requires higher medical school teaching managers to reform the current medical education system and teaching methods, so that it is compatible with the new medical model.
1.5 The impact of merging schools on the teaching management of higher medical schools In recent years, the reform of the management system of colleges and universities has greatly contributed to the development of higher education, but there are irrational behaviors in the merger of medical schools, which have some negative impacts. In practice, there is also the phenomenon that the development of medical schools after the merger is hindered, the phenomenon of "shock" [3]. The teaching and management departments of medical schools merged into comprehensive universities should actively think about reforming the original teaching and management mode, and make full use of the teaching resources of humanities and social sciences of comprehensive universities to serve the cultivation of high-quality medical talents.
1.6 The impact of lifelong education on the teaching management of higher medical schools With the rapid development of science and technology, the speed of knowledge updating accelerated, people may not adapt to the needs of increasingly fierce competition if they do not learn new knowledge. The development of medical science and technology requires medical personnel to continuously update their knowledge and establish the concept of lifelong education [1]. Requirements for higher education teaching management in the organization of the teaching process, to instill the concept of lifelong education for teachers, to cultivate the concept of lifelong learning of students.
2 Using the scientific concept of development to guide the teaching management of colleges and universities
In the new historical period, the teaching management of China's colleges and universities is facing various difficulties and challenges. How to make the teaching management out of the predicament, better serve the development of the school, for the cause of medical education in China, and realize the organic unity of the scale, quality, structure and efficiency of the school, which needs to be guided by the scientific concept of development, and firmly set up a high standard of teaching quality concept.
2.1 Higher medical school teaching management workers must establish a "people-oriented" management concept Education issues, people are the core, people are the main body of education and substance. Adhere to the people-oriented development concept is the core content of the scientific concept of development, we must establish a people-oriented management concept in the process of teaching management.
2.1.1 Teaching management must be "student-oriented" Students are the main body of our education, the quality of modern medical students should be in line with the quality of society's comprehensive requirements for doctors. We in the development of teaching programs, curriculum arrangements, teacher training, teaching place configuration, the first thing to think about is whether to cultivate the quality of students is beneficial. To actively implement and improve the credit system of teaching management, give full consideration to the students
2.1.2 To establish a "teacher-oriented" concept Teachers are one of the most important factors to ensure the quality of teaching, we must do in the process of teaching management, teacher-oriented. To be everywhere for the sake of teachers, for them to solve problems, in housing, welfare benefits to be tilted on policy, career and personal development to be provided to show their talents on the platform. To establish the concept of expert school governance, pay attention to the collection and adoption of teachers on the development of schools and education and teaching reform of the views and suggestions, so that teachers can be fully committed to teaching, in order to ensure the quality of teaching.
2.1.3 In the teaching process to focus on cultivating students to establish a human-centered concept In the teaching process to make students understand that doctors are not only responsible for a certain disease, but also responsible for life and health. Make them remember their mission and establish a people-oriented concept, which is one of the basic qualities of medical students and the requirements of the new medical model.
2.2 To establish a comprehensive development of the concept of teaching management Higher medical education is a complex system, and all elements of higher medical education must be comprehensively developed.
2.2.1 Comprehensive development of academic disciplines and specialties The comprehensive development of academic disciplines and specialties should be considered in conjunction with the school's orientation. The comprehensive development of academic disciplines and specialties is not to be greedy, but to combine the actuality of the school, open the whole medical specialty, develop the professional direction, open up the fringe disciplines and cross-disciplinary specialties, in order to meet the needs of different students after the expansion of the enrollment, and more importantly, to strengthen the connotation construction of academic disciplines and specialties, such as the construction of teaching instruments and equipment, classrooms, laboratory basic conditions, teacher training, and system construction. To establish and improve the school-level assessment system of disciplines and specialties, provide the status of all disciplines and specialties in our school in a timely manner, and put forward corrective suggestions for the decision-making of the school-level leadership team to provide useful counsel.
2.2.2 Comprehensive development of curriculum construction The curriculum is the basic unit of school organization and teaching, and the quality of curriculum teaching is directly related to the quality of teaching of disciplines and majors, which affects the quality of talent training. Curriculum construction should be long and unremitting, attention should be paid to the courses offered to be compatible with the objectives of talent training, and more elective courses should be offered. The medical school of the comprehensive university should make full use of the advantages of the comprehensive university with complete disciplines and courses; the independent higher medical school should find ways to open more elective courses of humanities and social sciences, in order to improve the humanistic quality of medical students. At the same time pay attention to the teaching quality of any course, the establishment of course access system, not to meet the basic conditions are not allowed to open the course. All courses should be constructed in the form of projects, setting up a system of acceptance of course construction and rewards and punishments to promote the overall development of course construction.
2.2.3 Comprehensive development of the quality and quantity of teachers Iron still needs to be hard, in order to cultivate capable and comprehensive students, first of all, we must have a team of teachers with excellent quality in all aspects. Teaching management department in the teacher training program, in addition to the teacher's business ability to put forward requirements, but also to teachers should have moral and humanistic qualities. Personnel departments should establish and improve the teacher appraisal system, and the appraisal of teachers should put these aspects on the same main position, instead of focusing only on the business level, the other two aspects of the form and go through the motions. Some schools have already begun to use students' evaluation of teachers as an important indicator of teachers' promotion, advancement and renewal of employment, which is a powerful measure for teachers to improve their quality in a comprehensive manner, and is worth promoting and learning from. The number of teachers is one of the key factors to ensure the quality of the faculty, without sufficient number of teachers, the quality of the faculty can not be talked about, higher medical schools should be in accordance with the high standard of faculty planning, in the active introduction of teachers at the same time, and actively implement the reform of the personnel system, to ensure that the number of teachers in the proportion of the whole school staff and improve the treatment of teachers. At the same time, it is also necessary to take the "soft introduction" and external teachers to ensure a sufficient number of teachers.
2.3 The guidance of the concept of coordinated development
2.3.1 Coordinated development with the society The university is a product of social development, and it depends on the society to exist, and at the same time, it plays a role in promoting the development of the society. Social service function is one of the basic functions of the university, any university isolated from society does not exist. Higher medical school teaching management in the process of planning and organizing the teaching must take into account the needs of the community, timely adjustment of subject specialization settings, personnel training objectives, personnel training mode, enrollment scale, etc., so that it is compatible with the needs of the community.
2.3.2 Coordinated development of key and general The comprehensive development of disciplinary and professional construction and curriculum construction are generally developed gradually on the basis of key construction or pilot construction, just as the geese need to fly south to lead the geese. In the construction of disciplines or courses, must first confirm the key disciplines and courses, to be focused on the construction, and to take the lead to drive the overall development of disciplines and courses. Similarly, professional disciplines and courses must determine the discipline leader and course leader, as the discipline specialty or course leader, but also within the scope of the university to establish a master teacher, their work in the policy to be tilted, in the funding to be given priority to funding, so that they can really play a leading role. To promote the coordinated development of key disciplines and specialties and general disciplines and specialties, key courses and general courses, leaders of disciplines and specialties or course leaders and general teachers, and to make it clear that the ultimate goal is comprehensive development.
2.3.3 Coordinated Development of Teaching and Learning Teaching and learning are the main pair of contradictions in teaching and learning, and they are in a dialectical relationship of opposition and unity. In the context of the "expansion", the coordinated development of teaching and learning is the key to ensuring the quality of teaching. The key to solving this problem is to actively implement the reform of education and teaching mode, curriculum system and teaching methods, and actively apply the network, e-learning, simulation technology and other modern means of teaching, in order to make up for the relative lack of teaching resources, so as to make it adapt to the increasing development of students' needs, social needs. For students, while imparting knowledge to them, we should pay attention to teaching them learning methods, cultivating their innovative spirit and the concept of lifelong learning, as the old saying goes: "Teach a man to fish and need three meals; teach a man to fish and use for a lifetime". Do not pay too much attention to the transmission of knowledge and ignore the cultivation of students' abilities.
2.4 Inspiration of the concept of sustainable development The development of higher medical education, not only to meet the current urgent need of the general public to receive higher medical education, and constantly expand the scale; but also to ensure the quality of teaching, improve the quality of medical personnel, to meet the requirements of the community, the formation of the ability to form a sustainable development and development of the momentum of the momentum of the development of a healthy, stable development [5]. As the teaching management department of higher medical schools, the following aspects can contribute to the sustainable development of the school.
2.4.1 Creating Characteristics There is nothing more vital than the characteristics of a university, and characteristics are the elements of the existence and sustainable development of any university. A medical school without characteristics will be highly replaceable and may be eliminated at any time. Therefore, in the process of organizing teaching, teaching administrators should pay attention to the school's characteristics that have been formed over a long period of time and make them flourish. In the professional settings, the development of teaching plans, curriculum should be given full consideration to the characteristics of the school, in the extracurricular activities should also highlight the characteristics of the school, should be done without me, people have me new, new me special, so that the school in some aspects of their own distinctive features.
2.4.2 Internationalization strategy of medical education In order to realize the sustainable development of higher education institutions, they must adapt to the times, and in the context of global economic integration, the internationalization of higher medical education has become inevitable.
How China's higher medical education can be in line with the international standard, this is a problem that the teaching managers of higher medical schools need to consider. First of all, the international standard of talent training quality should be solved, and the specifications of talent training should be in line with the international standard. Measuring and evaluating medical schools and their graduates according to international standards is an inevitable trend in the development of international medical education and an inevitable challenge for China's higher medical education. To achieve comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development and have a place in international competition, China's higher medical education must vigorously implement the internationalization strategy, and while introducing and digesting international standards, it should gradually localize them, establish Chinese standards with Chinese characteristics and characteristics of the times, and make our due contribution to global medical education [6]. The second is to strengthen international exchange and cooperation, joint schooling, mutual recognition of credits, mutual recognition of academic qualifications, academic exchanges, mutual sending of foreign students, to realize medical education without borders.
2.4.3 Stable and multi-channel funding sources To realize the sustainable development of institutions of higher learning, financial security is the key, leaving enough money to talk about sustainable development is the source of nothing. The shortage of funds is an important reason for the difficulties brought by the "enrollment expansion" to higher medical schools as mentioned above. As the teaching management department of higher medical schools in the teaching management process should pay attention to thrift and frugality, but also to consider the promotion of the school's stable, multi-channel funding sources. In the full use of government funding at the same time, should be from the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, the combination of industry, academia and research, a variety of business, alumni fund-raising and other aspects of efforts to ensure that sufficient funding for running schools to ensure that the renewal of teaching equipment, the expansion of teaching venues, the teacher's treatment of the increase, and constantly improve the conditions of teaching, which is to achieve the sustainability of the development of the medical school of higher education material guarantee.
2.4.4 Integration of social resources, the establishment of a sound high-quality practice teaching base Medicine is a highly practical and comprehensive discipline, in China, medical undergraduates internship period of 1 year, practice teaching base to ensure the quality of higher medical school personnel training is particularly important. We should actively integrate the social medical and health resources scientifically to promote the sustainable development of higher medical education. In the cooperation between medical schools and socialized hospitals, medical schools can give more convenience and support to hospitals in terms of academic materials and scientific research cooperation, and pay more attention to the continuing education of medical personnel, so that they can improve their own business ability while carrying out teaching and medical work, thus promoting the teaching and hospital work. In this way, by complementing each other's strengths, we can realize a win-win situation and seek **** the same development [3].
2.4.5 Campus culture construction Campus culture construction is a powerful support for the sustainable development of higher medical schools, campus culture as the school's spiritual incentives, not only for the students' learning to play a role in promoting the role of the development of teachers also play an encouraging role. An excellent school motto and a good school song will inspire several generations of people to strive for excellence, to be upwardly mobile, and to make unremitting efforts to realize the set goals. Without unremitting struggle there can be no sustainable development, therefore, we should focus on campus culture construction.
3 Conclusion
In short, in the new historical period, the teaching management of higher medical schools is facing many difficulties and challenges, as a teaching management workers, we must set up a people-oriented management concept, in the process of teaching management to comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development concept as a guide, combined with China's national conditions and the specific circumstances of our school, to comprehensively promote higher medical education Teaching reform, improve the quality of teaching, for the sustainable development of our school, for the sustainable development of China's medical education to make its due contribution.
References
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