Summary of Knowledge Points for the High School General Technology Examination
Unit 1: Entering the World of Technology
I. The Value of Technology
1. The value of technology to human beings: a
Technology is the modification of nature by human beings in order to satisfy their own needs and desires. It has the role of protecting, liberating and developing human beings
[Protecting human beings] (Example: primitive man picked up ground stone tools with him, modern man is no longer afraid of diseases such as malaria, smallpox, tuberculosis, etc.)
[Liberating human beings] (Example: Physical strength is liberated: bicycles, internal combustion power, electric power, cell phones - information transmission )
[Developing people] (Examples: Edison, Yuan Longping)
2. The impact of technology on life, production, culture, etc.: a
Technology promotes the development of society. Technology enriches the cultural content of society. Technology changes the way of life of the society. It is one of the main driving forces for the development of society and the progress of civilization.
3. The value of technology to nature:c
(1) Relying on technology, human beings have been able to utilize and transform nature and maintain a harmonious **** with nature in a friendly relationship. (Examples: Dujiangyan, South-to-North Water Transfer, West-to-East Gas Transmission)
(2) When human beings use technology to develop and transform nature, they should grasp a reasonable scale, pay attention to the protection of nature, and should not ignore the possible negative impacts of technology or products on the environment.
(3) The development of technology brings problems to the natural environment, but it also gives the possibility of solving these problems (Example: the recycling process of materials)
II. The nature of technology
1. The development of technology in relation to invention and innovation:b
Basic characteristics of technology: purposefulness, innovativeness, comprehensiveness, duplicity, patentability.
Innovation is the core of technological development. Every technology introduced is the result of innovation.
The development of technology requires innovation, and technological innovation is manifested in technological innovation and technological invention. Technological innovation is a difficult and tortuous course. (Example: the continuous development of monitors belongs to technological innovation, and Wang Xuan's invention of the laser phototypesetting system belongs to technological invention.)
2. The two sides of technology: a
Anything objectively has two sides, and technology is no exception. It can bring both good news and harm to people. (Example: Batteries can bring light and power, but also can bring serious environmental pollution. Network technology is convenient for people to communicate, but there are also people who use the network to commit crimes. ultrasound technology can be used for medical treatment, but there are also people to identify the fetus)
3. Difference and Connection between Technology and Science:b
Difference and Connection between Technology and Science
Science is a system of knowledge that is based on a variety of methods and experiments so as to discover the laws and theories, and to be verified and formulized. For example, Newton discovered gravity
Information Technology Basics Essentials
1, information, matter, and energy are the three elements that make up the world.
2, information technology, including information collection (acquisition), transmission, storage, processing (processing), release, communication and other technologies.
3, information technology, the five technological revolutions: ① the use of language; ② the use of writing; ③ the application of papermaking and printing; ④ the invention and application of telegraph, telephone, radio, television; ⑤ the popularization of the application of computers and networks.
4. Modern information technology with computers at its core has become an important technical pillar of the information society.
5, the world's first electronic computer named ENIAC (ENIAC), which was born in the United States in 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania.
6, according to the main components used in the division, the computer has experienced ① tube ② transistor ③ integrated circuits ④ large-scale and ultra-large-scale integrated circuits four generations.
7. "Personal Computer" (Personal Computer, or PC for short).
8, the computer from the original pure numerical calculation development into at the same time with text, drawing, forms, audio and video processing and data communication and other functions. The birth of multimedia computers, various forms of information can be processed by the computer.
9, the general trend of the future development of computers is networked, multimedia, intelligent. The new generation of computers will be intelligent multimedia computers.
10, the main features of the computer: ① computing speed ② computing precision ③ with storage and memory ④ with logical judgment ⑤ with automatic control.
11, the main areas of computer applications are: ① numerical computing ② data processing ③ automatic control ④ computer-aided design ⑤ computer-aided education ⑥ artificial intelligence ⑦ computer networks.
12, information including text, numbers, sound, images, charts and so on.
13, Computer Aided Design (Computer Aided Design) referred to as CAD;
Computer Aided Instruction (Computer Assissted Instrction) referred to as CAI;
Computer Managed Instruction (Computer Managed Ins trction) referred to as CMI.
14. Artificial intelligence mainly includes expert systems, natural language processing, image recognition, and robotics.
15, the main function of the computer network: resource *** enjoyment, data communication.
16, today's society has entered the information age, can effectively and rapidly access and process information, has become an important symbol to judge a country's economic strength and its international competitiveness. The future "information superhighway" will become the huge nerve center of the whole world.
17, from the outside, the computer is mainly composed of a monitor, host, keyboard and mouse.
18, a complete computer system consists of hardware and software components, they **** with the decision of the computer's ability to work.
19, computer hardware consists of operators, controllers, memory (divided into internal and external memory), input devices and output devices are composed of five parts.
20, the operator, controller and external memory are the core components that make up the mainframe. Other components outside the mainframe are often referred to as peripherals of the computer.
21, the central processing unit (also known as the central processing unit), abbreviated CPU (Central Processing Unit), mainly composed of controllers and operators. It is the core of the computer, usually the model of the CPU determines the model and basic performance of the machine. Central Processing Unit clock frequency is called the main frequency of the computer. The main frequency is usually measured in megahertz (MHZ), which is an important indicator of the computer's computing speed. The models of CPUs commonly used today are Pentium (Pentium) II, Pentium (Pentium) III, and Pentium (Pentium) IV.
22, memory memory, mainly used to store the current work of the computer is running programs, data, etc., equivalent to the computer's internal storage center. Memory according to its function can be divided into random memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM).
23, random memory (RAM), mainly used to store the computer at any time the data being processed, these data are not only allowed to be read, but also allowed to be modified. After restarting the computer, all the information in RAM will be lost. What we usually call memory capacity refers to the capacity of RAM.
24, read-only memory (ROM) stored in the information generally determined by the computer manufacturer, usually the computer startup boot program, the system's basic input and output programs, and other important information, this information can only be read, can not be modified. The information in the ROM is not lost when the computer is restarted.
25, memory storage capacity of the basic unit of bytes (Byte, B), commonly used units and kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB) and so on. Conversion relationship between them is: 1KB = 1024B 1MB = 1024KB 1GB = 1024MB Currently common PC memory for 128MB, 256MB and so on.
26, the function of the input device is to transfer a variety of information (such as text, numbers, sound, images, etc.) to the computer. Computer input devices are keyboard, mouse, scanner, light pen, voice input devices, etc., of which the most commonly used are the keyboard and mouse.