I. Structural classification
1, static action does not make the structure or structural components produce acceleration or produce acceleration is negligible. For example, residential or office building floor loads.
2, the dynamic action of the structure and structural components to produce non-negligible acceleration. For example, crane equipment vibration; falling objects impact effect.
Second, the role of surface size classification
1, uniform surface load on the floor of the building of the uniform load, such as laying of wooden floors, floor tiles, granite, marble surfaces and other weight-induced loads. Calculation of uniform surface load Q value, available materials per unit volume of weight y multiplied by the thickness of the surface material d, resulting in an increase in the value of the uniform surface load, Q = y.d.
2, the building's original floor or level of the various surface load to the beams or bar foundation, can be simplified to the distribution of the unit length of the load, known as the line loads.
3, the distribution area of the load is much smaller than the structural load, in order to simplify the calculation, can be approximated as a load on a point. For example, the secondary beam to the main beam of the load can be approximated as a centralized load, the pressure of the roof frame to the columns, the crane's wheels on the crane beam pressure are centralized load.
Three, the direction of action
1, vertical load?
such as structural self-weight, snow load, etc.
2, horizontal load?
such as wind load, horizontal seismic action.
Expanded information:
I. Difference between loads and effects
Because of the direct action or indirect action on the structure, the internal forces generated within the structure (e.g., axial forces, bending moments, shear forces, torsional forces). When the action is direct, the effect is also called "load effect", which is also called the load.
Two, related applications
1, industrial buildings
Industrial building floor in the production and maintenance of the use of installation period, by the equipment, means of transportation, raw materials, finished products, such as weight and the weight of the operator of the load generated by the weight. Industrial equipment and other heavy objects are usually localized or concentrated load, should be determined according to the actual information. However, in order to facilitate the design, generally can be used on the structural components caused by the same effect of the equivalent uniform live load instead.
2, civil buildings
Civil buildings in use during the crowd, objects, furniture, equipment and other loads. For common residential, offices, hotels, hospitals, schools, auditoriums, theaters, stadiums, exhibition halls, stores, station halls, waiting rooms, libraries, bathrooms, balconies and other civil buildings, the value of the floor distribution of the live load by the national load specification.
3, roof
Roof in the construction, use and maintenance process, by the crowd, tools and appropriate pile of materials generated by the load. For rainy areas, the roof live loads also include ponding loads caused by possible ponding of water on the roof.
Roof area ash load For the production of a large number of ash removal plant, in order to consider the safety of the roof structure and the roof load. Such as foundry, steelmaking workshop, sintering workshop, blast furnace, cement plant and its neighboring buildings, should be considered roof area ash load. The standard value of the load can be specified according to the nature of the ash source, the distance between the building and the ash source, the shape of the roof and the ash removal system and other conditions.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Load