Schematic diagram of the use of total station
1. Given two coordinate points, measure another coordinate or release another coordinate.
Set up a total station at a known point, first level bubble and then level tube. After centering, click coordinate measurement or lofting, and enter the coordinates of the coordinate point for confirmation. 2. Enter another known coordinate point, that is, the rear viewpoint coordinates, and confirm this point once. Another person centers the tripod on the known coordinate point.
3. Good alignment. The walkie-talkie signaled to the surveyor that everything was all right and began to measure. 4. Rotate the total station to aim at the rear viewpoint, fix it and confirm it. Click OK, and it will be automatically charged for more than three times. Click OK.
5. Erect the tripod to the point to be measured, rotate the total station to aim, and click Measure. Click for more than three times, subject to the average value.
Of course. Or input the coordinates of the points to be set out, rotate the total station until the horizontal angle is zero, fix and fine-tune it to zero, command the tripod to move in the direction of the total station, click Measure, and command it to move back and forth until the error is zero millimeters.
Fixed point. Extended data:
Total station, that is, electronic total station, is a high-tech measuring instrument integrating light, machinery and electricity, and a surveying and mapping instrument system integrating the functions of water collection angle, vertical angle, distance (oblique distance, horizontal distance) and height difference.
Compared with optical theodolite, electronic theodolite uses photoelectric scanning dial instead of optical dial, and uses automatic recording and display reading instead of manual optical micrometer reading, which simplifies angle measurement operation and avoids reading error. Because it can place instruments at one time to complete all the measurement work on the station, it is called total station.
It is widely used in the field of precision engineering survey or deformation monitoring, such as large buildings above ground and underground tunnel construction. The difference between total station and optical theodolite lies in dial reading and display system. The horizontal dial, vertical dial and reading device of optical theodolite use (coded dial) or two identical grating dials and reading sensors for angle measurement respectively.
According to the accuracy of angle measurement, it can be divided into 0.5 ",1",2 ",3", 5 "and 7". The total station adopts photoelectric scanning angle measuring system, which mainly includes three types: encoder angle measuring system, grating angle measuring system and dynamic angle measuring system.
Total station can be divided into two categories according to its external structure: (1) modular (also called modular). Most of the early total stations were modular structures, that is, electronic speedometer, electronic theodolite and electronic recorder were a whole, which could be used alone or combined into a complete total station through cables or interfaces. (2) Integration With the further miniaturization of electronic rangefinders, most modern total stations design ranging, angle measurement and recording units as an inseparable whole optically and mechanically, in which the transmitting axis, receiving axis and aiming axis of the rangefinder are coaxial.
This is very beneficial to ensure the ranging accuracy under the condition of large vertical angle. According to the classification of measurement functions, total stations can be divided into four categories: TCRP total station (1), also known as conventional total station, which has the basic functions of electronic angle measurement, electronic distance measurement and automatic data recording, and some can also run airborne measurement programs independently developed by manufacturers or users.
Its classic representative is Leica TC series total station. (2) The motorized total station automatically drives the sighting part of the total station and the telescope to rotate on the basis of the classical total station.
Under the on-line control of the computer, the motorized series total station can automatically aim at the target according to the direction value given by the computer, and can realize automatic front and rear mirror measurement. Leica TCM series total station is a typical mobile total station.
Total station without prism (3) Total station without reflector Non-cooperative total station refers to a total station that can directly measure the distance of a general target without reflecting prism. Therefore, non-cooperative target total station has obvious advantages in measuring targets that are inconvenient to install reflective prisms.
For example, Leica TCR series total station can reach 1000m without cooperation, which can be widely used in cadastral survey, real estate survey and architectural survey. (4) Based on the automatic total station, the robot total station adds new functions of automatic target identification and aiming. Therefore, in the process of automation, the total station further overcomes the major defects of manual aiming and realizes the intelligence of the total station.
Under the control of related software, the intelligent total station can automatically identify, aim and measure multiple targets without manual intervention. Therefore, intelligent total station is also called "measuring robot", and the typical representative is Leica's TCA total station.
References:
Sogou encyclopedia-total station.
What are the operation steps of total station?
The operation steps of the total station are divided into four steps: 1. instrument placement; Second, the instrument leveling; Third, set the focus to zero after focusing; Four, sighting target measurement or lofting.
Three measuring modes of total station: 1. Angle measurement. 1. First, judge whether it is in the angle measurement mode from the display screen. If not, switch to angle mode according to the operation.
2. Align the dial to the left with the left target A, press the zero key to display the reading of the horizontal dial as 0 00' 00 ",rotate the aiming part clockwise, align with the right target B, and read the displayed reading. 3. The same method can also be used for disk right observation.
4. If measuring the vertical angle, you can read the display reading of the vertical dial at the same time as reading the horizontal dial. Second, distance measurement.
1. First, judge whether it is in ranging mode from the display screen. If not, press the operation key to switch to the distance mode. 2. Aim at the center of the prism. At this time, the animation of the arrow can be displayed on the display screen, and the coordinate measurement can be completed at the end of the advance to get the distance. HD is the horizontal distance and VD is the inclined distance.
Third, coordinate measurement. 1. First, determine whether it is in the coordinate measurement mode from the display screen. If not, press the operation key to switch to coordinate mode.
2. Enter the coordinates of the O point and the rear viewpoint at this position, as well as the instrument height and prism height. Aim at the center of the prism. At this time, the animation of the arrow can be displayed on the display screen, and the coordinate measurement can be completed at the end of the advance to get the coordinates of the point.
Specific usage of total station
1. Preparation before field operation: (1) Check whether the total station is within the qualification period of the appraisal certificate and determine whether normal equipment can be used; (2) Check whether the foot screws and fine-tuning screws of the total station are at the initial zero position; Whether the high steel ruler, altimeter, thermometer and other tools in the instrument box are complete; (3) Create a new project in the total station, and upload the known control point coordinates and lofting point design coordinates to the new project of the total station.
2. After arriving at the job site, open the instrument box, set up the total station at the known control points, turn it on for 2-3 minutes, check the altimeter and thermometer, read the air pressure and temperature, and input the items specified by the total station. 3. Total station leveling, station orientation work.
(1) Enter the pile number A, and the total station will automatically extract the coordinates and elevation corresponding to the known control points, and then measure the height of the input instrument after confirmation; (2) After querying the input viewpoint number b, the total station automatically extracts the coordinates and elevations corresponding to the known control points, queries the input viewpoint prism height, and finally returns the confirmed viewpoint number and prism height. (3) Aim the telescope at the rear-view prism, then press the measure key and confirm to complete the rear-view orientation of the station.
(4) Check the initial side length of orientation: use the lofting function in the Total War Instrument to set out the rear viewpoint B, and check whether the error of the initial side length meets the accuracy. Generally, the relative error between the measured side length and the coordinate inverse side length should be less than 1/4000. Otherwise, there is something wrong with the site or the later point of view.
4. Start off. (1) Enter the number of the lofting point, and the total station will automatically extract the coordinates and elevation of the corresponding known control points, and display the direction and distance between the lofting point and the station.
(2) Rotate the horizontal dial to the setting-out point direction, lock the horizontal dial, aim roughly with a telescope, guide the ruler to the preset setting-out point direction, and inform the ruler to move the prism rod left/right in the instrument direction. (3) Instruct the teacher to adjust the prism to make it within the line of sight of the telescope, and finally reach the vicinity of the crosshair of the telescope of the Total War Instrument, and then measure the distance. The total war instrument displays the forward and backward deviation of the current prism position, and informs the division commander to extend/shorten the distance relative to the instrument.
(4) When approaching the design coordinate position of the lofting point, the telescope aims at the root of the prism rod, instructs the ruler to adjust the direction so that the root of the prism rod is located in the vertical direction of the telescope, then aims at the prism vertically, measures the distance again, and informs the ruler of the extended/shortened distance relative to the instrument again until the direction of the lofting point and the offset of the distance finally meet the lofting accuracy requirements. (During the above lofting, the horizontal dial is always locked in the direction of the lofting point, and the surveyor must guide the ruler to adjust the prism position to reach the specified direction) (5) Confirm and inform the ruler to nail the pile, and ask the height of the prism after the prism is erected again at the pile position. After modifying the prism height, the measuring station measures and records the coordinates and elevation of the actual lofting point.
5. Confirm the pile location of the lofting point to Party A's site personnel, and sign the lofting submission form for confirmation. 6. After the lofting is completed, go back to the room and export the measured coordinates and elevation of the stake location of the lofting point from the total war instrument, and write out the lofting report, such as the lofting submission form and the coordinate table of the lofting point.
Detailed usage of total station
Basic operation and usage of the total station: 1, horizontal angle measurement (1) Press the angle measurement key to make the total station in the angle measurement mode and aim at the first target A; (2) Set the reading of the horizontal dial in direction A to 0 00' 00 "; (3) Aim at the second target B, and the horizontal dial reading displayed at this time is the horizontal included angle between the two directions.
2. Distance measurement (1) Before setting the prism constant, the prism constant must be input into the instrument, and the instrument will automatically correct the measured distance. (2) Set atmospheric correction value or air temperature and pressure value. The propagation speed of light in the atmosphere will change with the change of temperature and pressure. 15℃ and 760mmHg are the standard values set by the instrument, and the atmosphere at this time is corrected to 0ppm.
In actual measurement, temperature and air pressure can be input, and the total station will automatically calculate the atmospheric correction value (or directly input the atmospheric correction value) and correct the ranging result. (3) The measuring instrument is high and the prism is high, so input the total station.
(4) aim the distance measurement at the center of the target prism, press the distance measurement key to start the distance measurement, and display the oblique distance, horizontal distance and height difference after the distance measurement is completed. There are three ranging modes of total station: precise measurement mode, tracking mode and coarse measurement mode.
Precision measurement mode is the most commonly used ranging mode, the measurement time is about 2.5S, and the minimum display unit is1mm; Tracking mode is often used for continuous ranging when tracking moving targets or lofting. The minimum display is generally 1cm, and each ranging time is about 0.3s；: In the rough measurement mode, the measurement time is about 0.7S, and the minimum display unit is 1cm or1mm.. During distance measurement or coordinate measurement, you can press the ranging mode key to select different ranging modes.
It should be noted that some models of total station cannot set the instrument height and prism height when measuring the distance, and the displayed height difference is the height difference between the center of the transverse axis of total station and the center of prism. 3. Coordinate measurement (1) sets the three-dimensional coordinates of the pile number.
(2) Set the coordinates of the rear viewpoint or set the horizontal dial reading in the direction of the rear viewpoint as its azimuth. When setting the coordinates of the rear viewpoint, the total station will automatically calculate the azimuth of the rear viewpoint direction, and set the horizontal dial reading of the rear viewpoint direction as its azimuth.
(3) Set the prism constant. (4) setting atmospheric correction value or air temperature and pressure value.
(5) The measuring instrument is high and the prism is high, so input the total station. (6) aim at the target prism, press the coordinate measuring key, and the total station will start to measure the distance and calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of the measuring point.
Extended data:
Use and maintenance of total station 1 1 custody, the instrument shall be kept by a special person and brought back to the office after being used on site every day; Don't put it in the toolbox. 2. The instrument box should be kept dry, moisture-proof and waterproof, and the desiccant should be replaced in time.
The instrument must be placed on a special shelf or in a fixed position. 3. When the instrument is not used for a long time, it should be taken out regularly in January to prevent mildew, and the instrument should be electrified to drive away the tide, so as to keep the instrument in good working condition.
4, the instrument should be neat, not upside down. 2. When using 1, check whether the instrument box strap and handle are firm before starting work.
2. Before taking the instrument out of the box, be sure to see the way and position of the instrument in the box. When loading and unloading instruments, you must hold the handle. When taking the instrument out of the instrument box or loading it into the instrument box, please hold the handle and base of the instrument, not the lower part of the display unit. Never take the lens barrel of the instrument, otherwise it will affect the internal fixed parts, thus reducing the accuracy of the instrument.
Hold the bottom of the instrument or the lower part of the telescope bracket with both hands. After the instrument is used, cover the objective lens and wipe off the surface dust.
All parts should be placed properly when packaging, and the box cover should be accessible when closing. 3. When observing the instrument in the sun, you should give the instrument an umbrella and wear a sunshade to avoid affecting the observation accuracy.
When measuring in a dirty environment, the instrument should be guarded by a special person. When the instrument stands on a smooth surface, connect the three legs of the tripod with a thin rope (or thin lead wire) to prevent sliding.
4. When erecting the instrument on a tripod, try to use a wooden tripod, because using a metal tripod may cause vibration, thus affecting the measurement accuracy. 5. When the distance between stations is far away, the instrument should be unloaded and packed away when moving stations.
Check whether the instrument box is locked and the safety belt is fastened before walking. When the distance between stations is very close, the instrument can lean on the shoulder with the tripod when moving the station, but the instrument should be kept upright as far as possible.
6. Before moving the workstation, please check whether the connection between the instrument and the tripod is firm. When handling, the brake screw should be slightly closed to prevent the instrument from shaking during moving the station. 7. If any part of the instrument fails, it shall not be forcibly used, and it shall be repaired immediately, otherwise it will aggravate the damage of the instrument.
8, optical components should be kept clean, such as sand pollution must be wiped off with a brush or soft mirror paper. It is forbidden to touch the surface of any optical element of the instrument with your fingers.
When cleaning the lens surface of the instrument, please clean the dust with a clean brush first, and then gently wipe it from the center of the lens with a clean wireless cotton cloth dipped in alcohol. When cleaning the dust on the instrument box, do not use any thinner or gasoline, but use a clean cloth dipped in neutral detergent to scrub.
9. When working in a humid environment, dry the moisture and dust on the surface of the instrument with a soft cloth, and then box it. Immediately after returning to the office, take the instrument out of the box and put it in a dry place. Dry thoroughly before packaging.
10, when the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is large in winter, the instrument should be unpacked after being moved out of the room or indoors for a period of time. References:
Baidu Encyclopedia _ Total Station.
What are the operation steps of total station?
The operation steps of the total station are divided into four steps: 1. instrument placement; Second, the instrument leveling; Third, set the focus to zero after focusing; Four, sighting target measurement or lofting.
Three measuring modes of total station;
First, angle measurement. 1. First, judge whether it is in the angle measurement mode from the display screen. If not, switch to angle mode according to the operation. 2. Align the dial to the left with the left target A, press the zero key to display the reading of the horizontal dial as 0 00' 00 ",rotate the aiming part clockwise, align with the right target B, and read the displayed reading. 3. The same method can also be used for disk right observation. 4. If measuring the vertical angle, you can read the display reading of the vertical dial at the same time as reading the horizontal dial.
Second, distance measurement. 1. First, judge whether it is in ranging mode from the display screen. If not, press the operation key to switch to the distance mode. 2. Aim at the center of the prism. At this time, the animation of the arrow can be displayed on the display screen, and the coordinate measurement can be completed at the end of the advance to get the distance. HD is the horizontal distance and VD is the inclined distance.
Third, coordinate measurement. 1. First, determine whether it is in the coordinate measurement mode from the display screen. If not, press the operation key to switch to coordinate mode. 2. Enter the coordinates of the O point and the rear viewpoint at this position, as well as the instrument height and prism height. Aim at the center of the prism. At this time, the animation of the arrow can be displayed on the display screen, and the coordinate measurement can be completed at the end of the advance to get the coordinates of the point.
How to use total station to set out? Introduce the process in detail!
1\ lofting _ _ _ First of all, we must know the coordinates of the known control points and the plane coordinates of the points to be lofting. 2\ The typesetting menu formats of different total stations are different, but the main steps are: 1) startup, leveling, setting instrument parameters such as temperature and pressure, prism constant (generally -30 in China). 2) Enter the layout menu _ _. Input the known viewpoint coordinates (or directly input the rear view azimuth), aim at the viewpoint, press the Enter key, and then exit C\ to enter the lofting program, input the coordinates of the point to be lofting (after the input is confirmed, the instrument will calculate the distance from the station to the lofting point \ azimuth and azimuth difference of the leveling dial), rotate horizontally according to the azimuth indicated by the instrument, adjust the azimuth error to 0 through fine adjustment, lock the leveling dial, and command the lens wheel to move to the center of the objective crosshair left and right. According to the distance measurement, the instrument will display the difference between the measured distance and the calculated lofting distance (generally, the "+"value commands the forward distance of the personnel from the mirror, and the "-"value commands the backward distance of the personnel from the mirror) until the lofting distance difference meets the lofting accuracy requirements.
How to use total station and its process
A basic total station has the following objects: an instrument, three wooden stands, two forward-looking centering rods, two large reflecting prisms, a small prism, two bases and two prism rods with a length of 5.0m or more.
Total station is actually a very easy-to-use instrument, which needs to be set up before measurement. You know, it's nothing more than those mentioned in the book. The tripod is roughly flat, the instrument is placed, centered, roughly flat, and then centered flat. Then I started looking back. Looking back is a very high-tech technical activity. My buddy is most proud of looking back at 673 meters in summer when the heat is boiling and the virtual light is strong. The coordinate difference between the turning point and GPS is only X3mm, y1mm..
After the review, print out the coordinates of the back viewpoint to see how much it differs from the actual situation (that is, the adjusted permanent coordinates). If the difference is within one or two millimeters (if you put it correctly), you can input the data and put it in the front view. Before playing, the viewpoint can be played according to coordinates or angular distance, which is more convenient to play according to coordinates.
After the data is input into the instrument, the zero-return angle and distance will be automatically calculated. Angle refers to the angle formed by the connecting line between the point to be put, the station and the back viewpoint. When the instrument is turned to the direction of 0 0' 0 ",it means that the point to be put or the forward viewpoint is on the vertical crosshair in the sight, and then the forward viewer can go in this direction and start ranging. This distance is also the distance between the point to be measured and the instrument itself. It is measured by the difference between the actual distance and the calculated distance. Some are the actual distance minus the calculated distance as the instrument direction forward, and some are the actual distance minus the calculated distance as the instrument direction backward. Different brands of instruments are different.
You can't move the instrument during the ranging work. See if the previous angle returns to zero after a while. After the distance is also zero, this point is released.
In addition to lofting, you can also measure the opposite side. Relative measurement is to measure the horizontal distance, oblique distance and height difference between two points.
This method is widely used, especially when measuring the cross section of the route, which is not as disgusting as theodolite. For example, in a straight line, the terrain is uneven, but it needs to be shown on the computer, so this is not enough.
In this case, the instrument can be installed freely, as long as it is fine and flat. First, we need to find a point on a straight line as a reference point. After the instrument is aligned with the prism at this point, we can measure at the later point, that is, the back view in edge measurement.
Then let the prism run to the second point and measure it again, and then calculate the horizontal distance, oblique distance and height difference between the two points. By analogy, it should be noted that there are two edge measurement modes. The first mode is the data starting from the second point, including the second point, which is the horizontal distance and other data relative to the first point. The second mode is transmission mode, that is, the data of the second point relative to the first point, the data of the third point relative to the second point, and so on. This is more troublesome, and the first mode is more convenient.
Different instruments have different functions, and sometimes it is necessary to change the prism height of some points. Some instruments can automatically calculate the prism height through input, while others can't. You need to add and subtract yourself to get the real height difference. Another is that when setting out, by erecting the instrument rack, the point to be measured can't be seen at the known point, and the rear intersection is needed, which is a kind of rear view. Dude, there is a culvert in the ravine, with mountains on both sides, but just knowing that the control points are on both sides of the mountain, the instrument is too heavy to get up, so let the two little brothers take a prism with them. Dude, just put the instrument flat in the ravine, input two coordinates respectively, measure it against the prism, then set the coordinates of the instrument at the intersection point, then look back at any known point, and then put the front viewpoint.
In a small area, you need to build your own coordinate system. Just find two points as the measuring point and the back viewpoint, and make clear the coordinates of the point to be measured in the coordinate system. This depends on the actual situation, I can't say it clearly. Total station can also be used to calculate the land area and excavation, which need to be mastered in the process of operating the instrument. Who creates perfection?
It's actually quite simple. 1000 words, please adopt it for your brothers.