What is the basis of forensic identification?

1, identification of human injury degree. Refers to the identification of the degree of personal injury caused by various injury factors (such as serious injury, minor injury and minor injury).

2, human disability level, industrial injury disability level identification. It refers to the identification of the disability level corresponding to the defects or dysfunction of human tissues and organs left after various injuries, but it needs to pass the laboratory examination and evaluation of human functions such as vision, hearing and male sexual function, which is the main basis, and it should also have the corresponding functional examination and evaluation qualifications.

3. Identification of the end time of medical treatment and the rest (lost work) period, nursing period and nutrition period of human body damage. Including the time limit required for the stability of clinical efficacy recognized by the General Principles of Clinical Medicine after human injury.

It also includes the rest (loss of work) period when it is difficult to engage in normal social activities independently due to the treatment recognized by the General Principles of Clinical Medicine and the necessary rehabilitation or functional exercise after injury, the nursing period needed due to the limited ability of daily living, and the nutritional period when appropriate nutrition is needed due to the rehabilitation of injury.

4. Nursing dependence and identification of nursing number. Including the need to rely on other people's care because of the limited ability of daily living, and the determination of the degree of dependence (mainly to clarify whether it is necessary to rely on long-term care after disability); It also includes determining the number of nurses needed during the nursing period.

5, other forensic compensation appraisal. Including the identification of drug dependence and nutritional dependence, follow-up diagnosis and treatment items and follow-up diagnosis and treatment expenses, rationality and correlation of diagnosis and treatment, and medical AIDS.

6, labor ability appraisal. Refers to the loss of labor ability caused by injury or illness and the identification of its degree.

7. Identification of injury relationship. It refers to the identification of the causal relationship and cause intensity between human injury (disease) and injury consequences.

8. Inference of damage formation time. It refers to the analysis and estimation of the time of injury formation based on the injury data such as biopsy, imaging examination and medical records.

9. Identification of damage mode and damage mechanism. It refers to the analysis and speculation of the specific way of injury formation and the object of injury, as well as the analysis and judgment of injury mechanism from the perspective of pathophysiology and biomechanics.

10, identification of identity, also known as "individual identification" or "body source inference". It refers to the analysis and identification of the injury (including the results of imaging examination) and its source according to the biopsy, imaging examination and the review of medical records and other injury data, and whether the identification objects are consistent.

1 1, depending on functional testing and evaluation. It refers to the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of visual functions (such as diplopia, strabismus, etc.) on the basis of biopsy and laboratory examination, combined with medical records and other injury data when necessary.

12, hearing function test and evaluation. It refers to the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of hearing based on biopsy and laboratory examination, combined with medical records and other injury data when necessary; It also includes the identification of deaf people.

13, detection and evaluation of male sexual function. It refers to the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of penis erection function, male reproductive function and other male sexual functions (such as ejaculation dysfunction) on the basis of biopsy and laboratory examination, combined with medical records and other injury data when necessary.

14, sexual assault and gender identification. Including the identification of illegal sexual assault and rape, indecency, sexual assault and other abnormal sexual behaviors; It also includes the identification of gender (secondary sexual characteristics).

15, test and evaluation of peripheral nerve function, olfactory function and vestibular balance. Refers to the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the above-mentioned special functions of the human body according to the biopsy and laboratory examination, combined with the injury data such as medical records when necessary.

16, Identification of fraudulent injury, fraudulent illness and man-made injury. Refers to the identification of fraudulent (exaggerated) injury, fraudulent (exaggerated) disease, man-made physical injury or expanding and aggravating the original injury.

17, released on parole for medical appraisal. Refers to the identification of medical problems that need to be temporarily executed outside prison due to illness.

18, identification of medical disputes. It refers to the use of the theory and technology of forensic clinical and related disciplines to identify whether there is a fault in the diagnosis and treatment behavior of medical institutions, whether there is a causal relationship between the diagnosis and treatment behavior and the damage consequences of patients, and the strength of the reasons.

It also includes the determination of whether the medical institution has fulfilled its obligation to explain, the obligation to obtain the written consent of the patient or the patient's close relatives, whether there is a causal relationship between the use of medical products and the damage consequences, and the determination of the magnitude of causality.

19, bone age identification. It refers to the use of the theory and technology of forensic anthropology and the method of medical imaging to detect the bone development status and degree of teenagers and analyze and infer the bone age.

Extended data

Judicial expertise system

1. If the public security organ requires injury identification in handling public security and criminal cases, the case-handling unit shall promptly issue a power of attorney for forensic injury identification, and the parties shall go to the entrusted forensic identification institution for identification with the power of attorney.

2. The public security organ handling the case shall inform the appraisal institutions entrusted by both parties.

3. According to the provisions of Article 28 of the Criminal Procedure Law, the parties may apply to the members of the entrusted appraisal institution for four times to withdraw. If the injured are not treated locally, they may ask the case-handling unit to replace the entrusted appraisal institution, but they may not ask the appraisal institution themselves.

4. The handling unit must disclose the contents and conclusions of the appraisal to both parties.

5. After the first appraisal, if one or both parties have any objection to the appraisal conclusion, they have the right to apply, and the case-handling unit shall entrust a legal appraisal institution to review or re-appraise. The handling unit shall issue a power of attorney to the application of the parties within ten days and shall not refuse.

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