First, establish a perfect disaster forecasting system.
Timely and accurate forecasting of disasters that will occur is the most important part of disaster prevention and mitigation. Timely and accurate forecasts enable the general public to make material and spiritual preparations in advance, so that when the disaster comes, they can cope with it calmly.
In this regard, many countries have successful experience, for example, Germany in the 1990s set up by the meteorological, power, transportation and other departments of the disaster prevention and control center, the heavy snowfall disaster and other emergencies for prediction and monitoring. Secondly, efforts to publicize disaster prevention and mitigation knowledge to the public should be strengthened.
So that the public can fully understand the self-protection methods for various types of disasters, in the process of waiting for rescue, can play a subjective initiative, through self-help and mutual assistance to protect the safety of life and property as far as possible, rather than not knowing what to do passively waiting for rescue. Third, improve the construction of disaster response system.
This point is also the most important, directly related to a country's ability to combat disasters. The state should establish a set of perfect disaster response mechanism, all levels of *** to establish the corresponding institutions.
At present, the work function of people's air defense is being converted to the civil defense function of wartime air raid prevention and disaster prevention in peacetime, so disaster prevention and mitigation has become one of the very important work of the people's air defense department, which can be established to all levels of people's air defense departments to form an emergency command network. Human defense departments should play their own sectoral advantages, in the popularization of human defense knowledge in the process of adding disaster prevention and mitigation content, and rational arrangement of funds, the purchase of disaster prevention equipment, reserves of disaster prevention materials, disaster prevention drills regularly under the guidance of the emergency plan.
Fourth, in the usual infrastructure (including electricity, railroads, highway transportation, etc.), the possible impact of various disasters should be fully considered. To have a sense of foresight, obsolete equipment must be replaced in a timely manner, the structural resistance level to be able to meet the test of fifty years or even a hundred years of disaster.
2. How to do a good job of rain, snow and ice disaster prevention
Improve the low-temperature rain, snow and ice disaster contingency plan, and further improve the organization and command structure. Further clarify the functions and responsibilities, to ensure that all levels of institutions can really play a functional role, to achieve the leadership in place, responsibility in place, work in place. The meteorological department is responsible for weather monitoring, forecasting and early warning work, and timely notify the forecast to all departments; Broadcasting and Television Bureau, Electric Power Company, Tianneng Gas Company, Ann Qing Water Supply and Drainage Company, all communication companies and other units to strengthen pipeline, line inspection and maintenance work, broadcasting, power supply, water supply, gas supply, communication and other infrastructure to carry out a comprehensive inspection and maintenance, and the implementation of precautionary measures, to prevent the emergence of a large-scale, long-time Stop supply problems; tourism, culture and sports departments to strengthen the safety management of facilities and equipment of tourist attractions, timely repair and reinforcement to ensure the safety of tourists; health sector to do a good job in preparing for medical assistance to meet the needs of the masses to seek medical treatment.
Further establish and improve the procurement and allocation system of emergency relief supplies, reserve the necessary relief supplies, equipped with the necessary equipment and equipment for disaster relief management, to ensure that the needs of disaster relief. The company's business is to provide a comprehensive range of products and services to meet the needs of the community, and to provide a wide range of products and services to meet the needs of the community, and to provide a wide range of services to meet the needs of the community.
3. How to prevent and cope with low-temperature rain, snow and ice disaster
Blizzard is a natural phenomenon because of a large amount of snowfall over a long period of time resulting in widespread snow accumulation.
When the snowfall will reach more than 4 millimeters in 12 hours, the meteorological department starts to issue the blue warning signal of blizzard. Blizzard and its accompanying windy and cooling weather, serious impact or even damage to transportation, communications, transmission lines and other lifeline projects, so that the city power outages, water outages, collapse of buildings, freezing, freezing crops, livestock, brewing a serious disaster.
For such disastrous weather, the meteorological department according to the amount of snowfall and its impact on the degree of timely issuance of different levels of warning signals. The snowstorm warning signal is divided into four levels, from weak to strong, indicated by blue, yellow, orange and red respectively.
If there is a snowstorm, kindergartens and schools should take temporary measures to avoid it, and suspend classes and businesses if necessary. If it is a dangerous house, to withdraw in time, 50 square meters of flat roof if the snow is one foot thick, to withstand more than two tons of heavy pressure, so do not stay in the snow day is not sturdy, unsafe buildings.
Before the snowstorm to reduce out activities, especially to minimize the vehicle out. Airports, highways, ferry terminals may be suspended or closed, before traveling to listen to and watch the weather department issued a blizzard warning information, in order to cancel and adjust travel plans as needed.
When you go out, take measures to protect yourself from cold, warmth and slipperiness. Try not to wear hard-soled or smooth shoes when walking.
Young, old and infirm people should minimize going out to avoid falling and getting cold. When approaching billboards, eaves and large trees, etc., watch carefully or pass around them to avoid injuries due to snow and ice melting off.
Non-motorized vehicles should give tires a small amount of deflation to increase the friction between the tires and the road. Drivers should listen to the traffic police, obey the traffic diversion arrangements, to drive slowly and keep a safe distance from the car in front.
Vehicles to slow down before the corner, to avoid stepping on the emergency brake. If you have the conditions to install anti-skid chains, wear color glasses.
After a traffic accident, you should set up a clear sign behind the scene to prevent chain collisions. If you are surrounded by snow, you should call 110, 119 and other distress calls as soon as possible, and actively seek rescue.
In addition, residents should actively cooperate with the relevant departments to do a good job of clearing snow on the roads, and take the initiative to clear the snow on the roads and roofs near their homes or units. Transportation, railroads, electricity and communications departments should carry out roads, railroads, line inspection and maintenance work, the relevant departments to do a good job in advance of the coal, electricity and oil transportation emergency preparedness.
For scaffolding and other structures, attention should be paid to reinforcement, so as not to be snow collapse. Agricultural and animal husbandry and planting, farming to reserve feed in advance, do a good job of snow and frost damage prevention preparations, has suffered a disaster in the agricultural and animal husbandry to do a good job of timely relief work.
Freezing rain Temperature below 0 ℃ raindrops landed near the ground is very cold wires, trees, houses, as well as the ground, immediately frozen into ice phenomenon called freezing rain. Meteorology on this frozen material called freezing rain, the south of the freezing rain called "under the ice".
Freezing rain occurs in winter and early spring. If the near-ground two kilometers or so of the air layer temperature is slightly below 0 ℃, two kilometers to four kilometers of the air layer temperature is higher than 0 ℃, a little warmer, and then up a layer of below 0 ℃, in such an atmosphere, the upper clouds below 0 ℃ overcooled water droplets, ice crystals and snowflakes, fall into the warmer air layer, into liquid water droplets, and then to the downward spiral, into the near-ground low-temperature layer, is ready to freeze when it is contact with a cold object near the ground, immediately condensing into ice.
Freezing rain is a peculiar natural phenomenon, although the fall to the ground silently, but it brings the harm is very great. Since January 12, 2008, Guizhou from the northeast to the southwest of the substantial cooling, many places in the freezing rain weather, the duration of breakthroughs in the historical limit, there are places where the thickness of the wire icing more than 20 millimeters, some as thick as 80 millimeters.
China's freezing rain appeared more places in addition to Guizhou, in Hunan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shandong, Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu, southern Liaoning and other places can also see it from time to time. The destructive power of freezing rain is amazing, it can destroy circuits, block traffic, crush trees, damage buildings, frostbite plants and livestock.
In the severe freezing rain, 1 meter long power lines on the ice can be more than 1 kilogram, two poles 40 meters apart on a power line, it will increase the extra load of dozens of kilograms, high-voltage transmission lines due to freezing rain ice will be more, coupled with the shock caused by high winds, wires, poles, towers can not afford to bend and fracture, will result in large-scale interruptions of power and communications. In addition, freezing rain will form a layer of imperceptible thin ice on the road, causing traffic accidents.
Therefore, when freezing rain occurs, it is necessary to knock and scrape the ice on the power lines, poles and towers in time; at the airport, it is necessary to clean up the ice on the runway and airplanes in time. For the accumulation of ice on the highway, timely salt melting ice, and organize manpower to clean the road.
If an accident occurs, a clear sign should be set up at the scene of the incident. In freezing rain, people should minimize going out, and if they do, they should take measures to prevent cold and warmth and anti-skid measures, and pedestrians should pay attention to stay away from or avoid motor vehicles and non-motorized vehicles.
Drivers and friends in the freezing rain weather to slow down, do not overtake, accelerate, sharp turns or emergency braking, should be installed in a timely manner tire anti-skid chain. Road icing As the name suggests, road icing refers to the surface temperature of the road is lower than 0 ℃, when there is precipitation, the ground icing phenomenon.
When there is freezing rain, road icing is more likely to occur. When road icing occurs, the friction between the wheels and the road surface is greatly weakened, resulting in vehicle skidding or brake failure, causing traffic accidents and blocking traffic operations.
In particular, highway closures caused by road icing can seriously affect highway transportation. Pedestrians are also prone to slipping and falling under icy road conditions.
Usually, when roads are icy, the meteorological department will issue a road icing warning signal to the community. According to the order from weak to strong, the road icing warning signal is divided into 3 levels, which are indicated by yellow, orange and red respectively.
When the road surface temperature is below 0 ℃, precipitation occurs, within 12 hours may appear on the traffic has an impact on the road icing, the meteorological department will issue a yellow warning signal of road icing; within 6 hours may appear on the traffic has a greater impact on the road icing, will be issued orange road icing warning signals; within 2 hours may appear or has appeared to the traffic has a great impact on the road icing, will be issued red warning signals of road icing. The red warning signal for road icing will be issued. Transportation, public security departments will be based on the degree of road icing and road conditions, scientific and rational to take speed limits, *** and closed measures, directing and guiding the traveling vehicles.
4. Natural disaster precautions and daily first aid knowledge
1. Work objectives: Through active prevention of natural disasters such as typhoons, rainstorms, heat and other natural disasters and take appropriate measures to deal with them, and strive to minimize the damage caused by natural disasters in the management area.
2. Job responsibilities 2.1 Management Office Manager: Organize staff for natural disaster emergency prevention training, publicity and education of public **** safety knowledge. Responsible for a variety of emergencies handling command and aftermath.
2.2 security supervisor: the public **** security management inspection, seriously carry out regular inspections, and make records, timely processing and reporting. All employees should firmly establish the awareness of disaster prevention and resilience, in the event of natural disasters should follow the instructions and actively participate in disaster relief and rescue work.
3. Work Guidelines 3.1. typhoon prevention and emergency response procedures 3.1.1 According to the characteristics of the region's climate, and actively to the management of the management of all employees and residents to carry out typhoon prevention, typhoon resistance to the basic knowledge and basic skills of the on-the-job training, and according to the specific circumstances of the mapping exercise. 3.1.2 The security supervisor obtains information about typhoons in a timely manner, and posts the arrival time of typhoons and precautions on the bulletin board of the management area.
Remind residents should pay attention to the typhoon before the arrival of the various precautions, such as: close the doors and windows, will be outside the balcony of the flower pots and sundries moved to a safe area. Avoid accidents.
3.1.3 Before the typhoon, supervise the security guards to check whether all the windows of the doors of the buildings are closed. Rooftop, balcony floor drain is smooth, if any hidden danger should be dealt with or reported to the superior.
3.1.4 Reinforce all trees and move potted greenery to basements or hidden places. Personnel avoid staying under balconies and in areas prone to collapse.
Appropriate protective measures should be taken for employees on duty. 3.1.5 During the duration of the typhoon, duty and emergency personnel must remain at their posts until the typhoon passes.
3.1.6 After the typhoon has passed, the security supervisor shall record the typhoon related contents. 3.2 Prevention and Emergency Response to Thunderstorms 3.2.1 According to the season.
The management office regularly carries out training on basic knowledge and skills of preventing thunderstorm attack for residents and staff. 3.2.2 Regularly carry out publicity and education on prevention of thunderstorms to the tenants to enhance their awareness and ability to prevent and resist thunderstorm disasters.
3.2.3 In thunderstorms before the rain should be notified to the balcony has cool clothing households will be clothing back to avoid moisture. 3.2.4 Timely and conscientiously do a good job of flood prevention equipment check to keep abreast of the weather changes, check all the rooftop ditches, floor drains are open.
Notify the maintenance class to check whether the submersible pump is running normally. 3.2.5 Check the operation of each elevator in time, whether there is water phenomenon.
If there is any abnormality, the elevator should be raised to the highest floor in time, and report to the management office, maintenance class and elevator team to do the rescue work. 3.2.6 Immediately find the source of water, check the site near the electrical facilities, equipment.
If there is a dip to immediately cut off the power supply to prevent damage to equipment and leakage injury. 3.2.7 Establish a fast and effective flood rescue unit to ensure the personal and property safety of the owners.
3.2.8 in the basement before the thunderstorm security guards should lay a good non-slip carpet, set up non-slip signs. 3.2.9 Do a good job in the relevant aspects of quality records.
3.3 Prevention of persistent hot weather and emergency procedures 3.3.1 According to the characteristics of the seasonal climate of the region, timely training to employees in the prevention of high temperature, hot disaster knowledge. 3.3.2 Promptly carry out various forms of publicity and education on prevention of heatstroke and cooling to the owners during the high temperature period.
3.3.3 Timely grasp of hot weather information forecast. And inform all tenants and employees to go out and pay attention to, try to avoid direct sunlight, so as to avoid heat stroke.
3.3.4 When the weather continues to be very hot, pay attention to electricity safety. Increase the publicity of fire knowledge of the tenants at the same time, increase the fire awareness of all employees.
3.3.5 Regularly from time to time to let the maintenance class to do a good job of line inspection and maintenance, try to reduce the line load to ensure safety. 3.3.6 Check the ventilation of each place.
Do a good job of self-protection to master the self-help method, the heatstroke personnel to call the emergency telephone "120" or call the nearest Red Club Hospital telephone: ******** (switchboard), emergency telephone: *******, for first aid. 3.4 Handling Procedures for Emergencies 3.4.1 When the security guards on duty in the area under their jurisdiction find out that the tenants are fighting and brawling. If one party is found to have a murder weapon in hand, it should be immediately discouraged to put down.
The security guard on duty should actively discourage both parties to the fight to leave the scene and ease the conflict. And timely report to the shift manager and management.
Indeed can be identified as a violation of public security management or criminal behavior, should be promptly reported to the public security organs, or the perpetrator will be twisted to the public security organs to deal with. 3.4.2 When the owner of the home criminal security and burglary when the security guards on duty should be promptly reported to the head of the security team, security supervisor, management, the company's security department and the public security organs. 3.4.3 Vigilance to prevent the bad guys to take advantage of the chaos, sabotage activities or theft of property, persuade, dissuade onlookers to leave, to ensure that the security target area of the normal public order.
Owners of property infringed upon has bought insurance should also notify the insurance company. 3.4.4 Seize the opportunity to discover the person or the surrounding masses to understand the case, the accident occurred to discover the process, collect the public's reflections and comments, to learn more about the situation and carefully recorded.
3.4.5 according to the specific circumstances to take appropriate methods to protect the entire scene, before the arrival of public security personnel, prohibit people from entering the scene, so as not to destroy the traces left at the scene, physical evidence, affecting the collection of evidence. 3.4.6 on the major suspected stolen scene, can be the owner and witnesses to reflect the situation, on the suspected perpetrators, can be taken to secretly monitor try to restrain, and to the public security organs to make a detailed report.
3.4.7 In the duty in the case of open use of violence or other means (such as: beating, smashing, robbing) forcibly looting or destroying the company and tenants of the property of the crime, to effectively fulfill the duties of security guards. 3.4.8 Promptly stop criminals.
To remain calm, try to subdue the criminals, and immediately signal to call the nearby security guards or mass support. If you encounter criminals robbing in the building, immediately notify the lobby to close the door.
See the number of people, clothing, appearance, physical characteristics, the use of transportation and characteristics, and promptly report to the management office, the company's security department and the public security organs, and at the same time, you can call the precincts of the police station on duty 24 hours a day: **********, or dial "110" alarm. 3.4.9 On the criminals left behind items, tools and other things, should wear gloves or other tools to extract, and then placed in a white paper bag for safekeeping, to the public security organs.
Do not get the fingerprints of security personnel or other people's traces on the leftovers. Timely interviews with eyewitnesses to collect information on the occurrence of robberies, provided to the public security organs, not before the public security officers have not investigated the scene or the scene has been investigated.
5. Response to Ice and Snow Disasters
In order to be able to minimize the impacts and losses of disasters when they occur unannounced, efforts should be made in the following areas:
Firstly, establish a perfect disaster forecasting system. Timely and accurate forecasting of disasters that will occur is the most important component of disaster prevention and mitigation. Timely and accurate forecasting enables the general public to make material and spiritual preparations in advance so that they can cope with disasters calmly when they come. In this regard, many countries have successful experience, for example, Germany in the 1990s set up by the meteorological, electric power, transportation and other departments of the disaster prevention and control center, the heavy snowfall disaster and other emergencies for prediction and monitoring.
Second, strengthen the efforts to publicize disaster prevention and mitigation knowledge to the public. So that the public can fully understand the self-protection methods for various types of disasters, in the process of waiting for rescue, can play a subjective initiative, through self-help and mutual assistance to protect the safety of life and property as far as possible, rather than not knowing what to do passively waiting for rescue.
Third, improve the construction of disaster response system. This is also the most important, directly related to a country's ability to combat disasters. The state should establish a complete set of perfect disaster response mechanism, all levels *** to establish the corresponding institutions. At present, the work function of people's air defense is being converted to the civil defense function of wartime air attack prevention and disaster prevention in peacetime, so disaster prevention and mitigation has become one of the very important work of the people's air defense department, which can be established to all levels of the people's air defense department to form an emergency command network. Human defense departments should play their own sectoral advantages, in the popularization of human defense knowledge in the process of adding disaster prevention and mitigation content, and rational arrangement of funds, the purchase of disaster prevention equipment, reserves of disaster prevention materials, disaster prevention drills regularly under the guidance of the emergency plan.
Fourth, in the usual infrastructure (including electricity, railroads, highway transportation, etc.), the possible impact of various disasters should be fully considered. To have a sense of foresight, obsolete equipment must be replaced in a timely manner, the structural resistance level to be able to meet the test of fifty years or even a hundred years of disaster.
6. How to do a good job of rain, snow and ice disaster prevention
Improve the low-temperature rain, snow and ice disaster contingency plan, and further improve the organization and command structure.
Further clarify the functions and responsibilities, to ensure that all levels of institutions can really play a functional role, to achieve the leadership in place, responsibility in place, work in place. The meteorological department is responsible for weather monitoring, forecasting and early warning work, timely notification of the forecast to the departments; Broadcasting and Television Bureau, Electricity Company, Tianneng Gas Company, Ann Qing Water Supply and Drainage Company, the communications company and other units to strengthen the pipeline, line inspection and maintenance work, broadcasting, power supply, water supply, gas supply, communications and other infrastructure to carry out a comprehensive inspection and maintenance, the implementation of precautionary measures, to prevent the emergence of a large-scale, long time Stop supply problems; tourism, culture and sports departments to strengthen the safety management of facilities and equipment of tourist attractions, timely repair and reinforcement to ensure the safety of tourists; health sector to do a good job in preparing for medical assistance to meet the needs of the masses for medical treatment.
Further establish and improve the procurement and allocation system of emergency relief supplies, reserve the necessary relief supplies, equipped with the necessary equipment and equipment for disaster relief management, to ensure that the needs of disaster relief. The company's business is to provide a comprehensive range of products and services to meet the needs of the community, and to provide a wide range of products and services to meet the needs of the community, and to provide a wide range of services to meet the needs of the community.
7. What are the disasters brought about by snowstorms: the safety of elementary school students
What are the disasters brought about by snowstorms: the safety of elementary school students
In order to make the safety of the children to walk with the children, so that the children grow up healthily and happily, the parents should assume the responsibility of the children's protection in the holidays.
1, the impact on the local economy
Local transportation disruption, products, raw materials, transportation is blocked, production is at a standstill, greatly affecting the local GDP.
Coal and electricity transportation is blocked, the power plant shut down, half-stopped, so that the power delivery of the local production by the direct impact. Power interruption, production stops. For those continuous production, bring huge losses, such as petrochemical, chemical, paper and other continuous production industry. Road repair, power lines and poles, towers, vehicles and other items of direct loss, vegetables, fruits and vegetables, food loss.
Based on 10 months of annual production, this disaster is equivalent to a complete shutdown of production for about 30 days, and the direct impact on our GDP = 30/300 * 10%.
The World Bank estimates that China's GDP in 2008 was about 10%, so the impact of the snowstorm is going to reduce the GDP to about 9%.
2. Impact on the environment
After the snowstorm melted, it led to a rise in the groundwater level, like Jiangxi, Hunan and other places are prone to triggering disasters such as schistosomiasis.
Road snow elimination salt, spread snowmelt, salt dissolved into the soil, leading to the quality of groundwater and soil hardening and deterioration.
3. Impact on the system
The snowstorm led to problems in the supply of staple food. Forced the state to take the policy of mandatory not allowed to increase prices, producers, operators are a test, not in line with the laws of the market.
4, the human impact
Millions of migrant workers can not return to their hometowns for the New Year, psychological problems, husband and wife relationships and other family problems.