Droplet transmission: i.e., airborne droplet transmission, is a form of airborne transmission. Pathogens by the infectious agent through coughing, sneezing, talking discharged secretions and droplets, so that the susceptible person inhaled infected. Brain fever, scarlet fever, whooping cough, influenza, measles and other diseases, through this way of transmission.
Contact transmission: refers to the pathogen through the medium of direct or indirect contact, direct contact transmission refers to the pathogen from the source of infection directly to the susceptible person suitable for the invasion of the portal, indirect contact transmission refers to the indirect contact with the contaminated items caused by the transmission.
Airborne preventive and control measures
Contact with airborne diseases, such as tuberculosis, chickenpox, etc., in addition to standard precautions and contact segregation, should also be used in airborne segregation and preventive and control measures, to do the following:
1, the cover of the medical record folder, please paste the yellow "air segregation "
2, placed in the negative pressure ward; no negative pressure ward conditions in the isolation of a single room, but also with the same type of disease, in the same stage of the disease of patients living in the same room, the indoor air must be directly discharged to the outdoors;
3, when the patient's condition allows, should be with surgical masks, regular replacement, and to limit the range of their activities;
4, should be Strict air disinfection;
5. Hang a "stop" warning sign on the door of the patient's room;
6. Medical staff should strictly follow the regional process, in different areas, wear different protective gear, take it off when they leave as required, and correctly dispose of the items after use;
7. suspected infectious disease patient's ward, should wear a hat, medical protective mask; for diagnostic and treatment operations that may produce splashes, should wear goggles or protective masks, wear protective clothing; when contact with the patient and his blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions and other materials should wear gloves;
8, it is recommended that contact with the severe open tuberculosis of the medical staff to be the first to carry out an initial examination of tuberculosis infection, and three months after this to be rechecked. months to be rechecked. Medical personnel whose tuberculosis test has changed from negative to positive should undergo a chest X-ray and receive preventive treatment;
9. After a patient is transferred to a department or discharged from the hospital, all surfaces of objects in the room as well as the air should be thoroughly disinfected.
Preventive measures for droplet transmission:
Contact with droplet-transmitted diseases, such as whooping cough, diphtheria, influenza, viral mumps, epidemic cerebral pontine myelitis, etc. On the basis of the standard prophylaxis and contact isolation, the isolation and preventive control of droplet transmission should also be adopted, and the following points should be done:
1, the cover of the medical record binder, please paste the pink "droplet isolation" on the cover. "Droplet isolation" sign on the cover of the medical record folder;
2, isolation in a single room, but also with the same type of disease, in the same stage of the disease of patients living in the same room, the indoor air must be directly discharged to the outdoors;
3, to the patient to wear a surgical mask to prevent droplets spattering out;
4, in the patient's room door hangs on the "Stop" warning sign hanging on the door of the patient's room;
5, medical staff should be strictly in accordance with the regional process, in different areas, wearing different protective equipment, take it off as required when leaving, and correctly dispose of the items after use;
6, and the patient in close proximity (less than 1 meter) when in contact with the patient, you should wear a hat, a medical protective mask; When carrying out diagnostic and therapeutic operations that may produce splashes, wear goggles or protective masks and protective clothing; wear gloves when in contact with patients and their blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, and other materials;
7, try to limit the visiting crowd, and instruct visitors to implement a strict system of wearing masks, hand-washing, or hand sanitization;
8, refer the patient as soon as possible to the Department of Infectious Diseases, and at the same time, notify the The transfer vehicle and receive the patient's health care personnel the patient's initial diagnosis, so that the receiving party to do prior preparation for the prevention of infection;
9, patients between patients, patients and visitors separated from each other at a distance of more than 1 meter;
10, to strengthen the ventilation, or disinfection of the air;
11, the patient's transfer to the Department of Infectious Diseases or after the hospital, the patient should be transferred to the room of all the surfaces of the objects as well as the air should be thoroughly disinfected.
Contact transmission prevention and control measures:
In the infectious diseases department and other departments, mainly used to prevent the transmission of intestinal infections, skin infections, multi-drug-resistant bacteria (e.g., MRSA, VRE, PDR-AB, Clostridium difficile), etc., based on the standard prophylaxis, it should also be used in the contact transmission isolation and prophylaxis, the requirements are as follows:
1, the application of the blue color "
2, try to isolate in a single room, the same pathogen infection or carriers can *** live in a room;
3, enter the isolation room or contact with the patient and the patient's blood, body fluids, secretions, excreta and other materials should be wearing gloves; leave the isolation room before contact with contaminated items should be removed, after gloves, after contact with contaminated items. After the gloves should be removed, hand washing and / or hand disinfection. Wounds on the hands should wear double gloves;
4, into the isolation ward to engage in operations that may contaminate the work clothes (such as expected to have significant contact with the patient or his environment such as bed rails), should wear isolation gowns or protective aprons;
5, before leaving the patient's hospital room, take off isolation gowns, according to the requirements of the hanging, and daily replacement of the cleaning and disinfection; or the use of disposable isolation gowns, and dispose of the gowns according to the requirements of the medical waste management.
6, contact with class A infectious diseases should be required to wear protective clothing, before leaving the hospital room, take off the protective clothing, protective clothing according to the requirements of medical waste management for disposal;
7, gloves, isolation gowns, should be anti-bacterial soap hand wash, or with a rapid hand disinfectant hand wipe;
8, general medical equipment such as stethoscopes, thermometers or blood pressure monitors should be dedicated;
9, medical equipment should be used to protect the patient's health;
10, medical equipment should be used to protect the patient's health;
11, medical equipment should be used to protect the patient's health.
9. Items that cannot be used exclusively, such as wheelchairs, must be disinfected after each use;
10. The patient's surrounding items, environment and medical equipment must be wiped and disinfected regularly on a daily basis, and the rags used for wiping must be disinfected after use;
11. Transfers should be minimized to reduce contamination of other patients, medical staff and environmental surfaces; if transfers are needed or the patient is going to other departments for examination, staff should be available to assist with the transfer. If you go to other departments to check, should be accompanied by staff, and to the receiving party to explain the need to use contact transmission precautions, after the use of instruments and equipment, environmental surfaces need to be cleaned and disinfected;
12, as far as possible to limit the visitation of the crowd, and asked the visitors to implement a strict hand-washing or hand sanitization system;
13, the patient was discharged from the hospital, the patient should be thoroughly disinfected after isolation of all the surfaces of the objects in the sickroom;