A complete product structural design process
1.ID modeling;
a.ID sketch ............
b.ID shape drawing ............
c.MD shape drawing ............
2. Modeling;
a.Data checking ............
b.Drawing a basic shape ............
c. Preliminary de-drawing of parts ............
1.ID modeling;
A complete product design process, starting from ID modeling, received the customer's original information (can be a sketch, can also be a text description), ID that is the beginning of the shape of the design; ID draw to meet the customer's requirements of the shape of the map program, hand over to the customer to confirm, and gradually modify the customer until the customer agrees; there are also companies ID draw several drafts by the customer selected one, ID and then in the form of the customer to choose one, and then the customer to choose one, ID and then in the form of the customer to choose one. The customer selects one, and ID then draws the shape drawing on the basis of this draft; the type of shape drawing can be 2D engineering drawings, including the necessary projection view; it can also be JPG color drawings; no matter which one, generally need to note the name of the overall dimensions, as for the requirements of the surface process according to the actual situation, as complete as possible; the shape of the drawing to determine the next step in the work is the structural design engineers (hereinafter referred to as the MD).
By the way, if the customer's idea is more complete, some companies do not need to ID directly with the MD to do the shape of the map;
If the product has a clear requirement for the internal structure, some companies in the ID draw the shape of the map at the same time, the MD should be involved in assisting the shape of the adjustments;
The MD began to start, first of all, the data checking, the ID to the MD can be JPG color drawings, the MD can be a colorful picture of the ID, the MD can be a colorful picture of the ID. JPG color map, MD will color map into PROE after tracing line; ID to MD's information can also be IGES line drawing, MD will IGES line drawing into PROE after tracing line, this method is more accurate; In addition, if it is a cell phone design, but also need to provide customers with a complete electronic program, and even in kind;
2. build touch stage,
Take my working method as an example. For example, according to the information provided by ID, MD first draws a basic shape (I am used to using BASE as the file name); BASE is like the cornerstone of a building, all the surface components should be based on the surface of the BASE as a reference;
So, MD does 3D BASE differently from ID, which focuses on modeling, and doesn't have to pay attention to the mold pulling angle, while MD not only has to make the mold pulling angle in BASE, but also has to make the mold pulling angle in BASE, which is the same as that in BASE, but also has to make the mold pulling angle in BASE. BASE to make the mold pulling angle, but also clear the assembly relationship of each part, it is recommended that the structure of the Department of colleagues to do a small range of communication between the exchange of views, so as to avoid detours;
The specific approach is to import the file provided by the ID, to respect the ID's design intent, can not be arbitrarily altered;
Tracing, PROE is a parametric design tool, the purpose of the tracing is to facilitate the measurement and modification;
Tracing, PROE is the parametric design tools, tracing
Drawing the surface, the surface should be consistent with the entity as much as possible, is also the basis for the subsequent demolition of the map, if possible, try to integrate into the closed surface of the surface of the local surface is not smooth can also be repaired with surface modeling;
BASE is completed, please ID to confirm that this step should not be omitted to build the touch stage of the second step in the BASE on the basis of taking the surface, split the painting of the various parts, split the way to ID to provide a more complete and accurate picture of the design. Parts, split the way to ID the shape of the map as the basis;
Face/base, battery door only need to do the initial shape, inside the hollowing out of the finished thin shell can be;
I do MP3, MP4 face/base wall thickness of 1.50mm, the cell phone face/base wall thickness of 2.00mm, the wall clock face/base wall thickness of 2.50mm, the wall thickness of the surface of the waterproof products/base wall thickness of 3.00mm can be taken. 3.00mm;
Another face/bottom wall thickness of 4.00mm medical equipment I have done, is the guest worried about the strength of the repeated insistence, in fact, 3.00mm
has been very insurance, wall thickness is too thick is very easy to shrink, but also easy to produce internal stress caused by deformation, worry about the lack of strength completely
Can be resolved by pulling the reinforcing rib in the interior, the effect is far better than a single increase in the wall thickness;
We can also take the wall thickness of the phone face/bottom wall thickness of 2.50mm. Over a single increase in wall thickness;
Build the third step of the touch stage, the production of assembly drawings, will be drawn out of each component in accordance with the order of assembly were introduced, select the reference center
recombination of the alignment; into the electronic program, such as LCD, LED, BATTERY, COB. When introducing individual parts into the assembly drawing, make some parts into a component first as needed, and then introduce the component into the assembly drawing when.
For example, when making a flip phone, there are only two components in the total assembly drawing, the upper cover is a component and the lower cover is a component. The top cover assembly is divided into the A-shell assembly, the B-shell assembly and the LCD assembly. The lower cover assembly is further divided into C shell assembly, D shell assembly, main board assembly and battery assembly. It can also be further divided into
3, the initial modeling stage: three aspects;
A: by the modeling engineers to design the overall shape of the product (ODM); can be selected by the customer program or self-development.
B: Customers provide design information, such as: IGS file (mostly) or pictures (OEM).
C: Change from the original shape of the base; can be selected by the customer program or self-development.
4 build touch stage of the fourth step, the location of the check, the general placement of components is a location requirements.
For example: the position of the LCD can be thought of in this way, the lens thickness of 1.50mm, double-sided post thickness of 0.20mm, the face of the shell of the local hollowing thickness of 0.60mm, the LCD to the outermost distance is 2.30mm; components can not be interfered with, and there is a distance requirement. Such as radio clock design, in order to protect the receiving effect, the receiving antenna to the distance between the battery is required to be greater than 20mm; in order to facilitate the design, assembly diagrams within the components are best set to different colors, in order to differentiate; all the large components placed properly, I still recommend that, for insurance purposes, please ID to confirm the shape of the effect once again;
5 Talk about the way of the independent design is the above A program:
a, by the modeling engineer to make a model of oil clay or 3D software to simulate the shape and make a physical model of the foam, by a number of parties to evaluate (in accordance with UL or EN standards to determine what materials to use, to check and determine the structure of the inlet and outlet channel, the structure of the inlet and outlet, the form of the outlet window, the mechanism of switches and reel buttons, the mechanism of the air volume pipe, etc.). The scheme of post-modeling is determined, and this stage takes about one to two months or so.
b, the structure of the design: the shape obtained from the above (oil clay model needs to copy, do a good job of the surface) after the thin shell to do the internal structure; the design of the vacuum chamber, the design of the vacuum chamber door locks; into the design of the air filtration device, the design of the motor room; the design of the air outlet structure, the design of the reel room, etc., during this period of time with the modeling engineers, suppliers and mold engineers to often discuss a, for example: Shape and structure of the conflict, the choice of materials and structure of whether there is a conflict with the mold, etc. and can use the software to carry out some relevant analysis.
c, the above design after the review of qualified for the production of the board, the board is completed in accordance with the safety requirements to do the relevant tests, including: performance, assembly, structure, noise, drop test, and design inputs compared to the design of the design changes.
d, cast mold! After 40~50 days (during this period to communicate with the mold factory often to ensure the accuracy of the structural dimensions and keep abreast of the progress.) Mold completion. Sample production and send samples to customers, but also to test. Through the feedback of information in the second and third design changes can be made after mass production.
6 The actual situation of our company:
a. The customer gives his own idea, a JPG image format or scanned hand drawing
b. In AutiCAD tracing lines, to produce various angles of the product view and cross-section and dimensions
c. In the three-dimensional software such as PRO / E draw the basic shape, and then gradually improve the details, disassemble the parts. Then gradually improve the details, split the parts
d. three-dimensional drawing block to the mold factory processing
7 modeling is complete, like the framework of the building has been constructed, and now you can rely on the framework from the bottom up to improve each floor; to an electronic product as an example, to introduce the structural design process of a complete product;
The design of this electronic product, my The practice is:
LENS structure -----LCD structure -----Luminous structure -----Through column structure -----Waterproof structure ------Key structure ------
PCB structure -----Battery structure -----Auxiliary structure -----Dimension checking ------Hand plate follow up ------Mold follow up
LENS STRUCTURE:
General lens requirements 1.5mm, insufficient conditions can also be 1.0mm, cell phone lenses can also be thinner; (Note: If you want to screen printing try to make the screen printing surface into a plane; cell phone lenses affected by the shape of the sides are curved surfaces, you can use the in-mold transfer) lenses to be fixed, usually with double-sided adhesive, double-sided tape needs to be reserved 0.15- 0.20mm space, there are also lenses to do buckle fixed; if there are waterproof requirements, the lens can also use ultrasonic welding, but the structure should be reserved ultrasonic line;
LCD structure:
For electronic products, LCD (liquid crystal display) is like her eyes, the structure of the good and bad directly affects the effect of the display; LCD is usually made into a square, if necessary, can be cut corners, made into polygons; LCD usually made into square, if necessary, can be made into polygons; cut corners, made into polygons; LCD is usually made into square, if necessary, can be made into polygons. Cutting corners, made of polygons; LCD thickness is usually 2.70mm, ultra-thin 1.70mm; a single piece of LCD and the motherboard (hereinafter referred to as COB) connected to display, commonly used connection with conductive adhesive tape and hot zebra paper; where the conductive adhesive tape to have a pre-pressure, usually pre-pressure amount of 10-15%, pre-pressure amount is too little LCD easy to lack of paintings, pre-pressure amount is too much LCD is easy to be top Green; hot press zebra paper does not require pre-pressure, but the cost is higher, the connection should be used to hot press beer machine, PITCH foot bit dense also need to use precision hot press beer machine; LCD and LENS can not be directly affixed, affixed to the easy to produce water lines. There are also LCD directly fixed in the case of LENS, I opened a square notch in the VA display area of the LENS, leaving a gap of 0.30mm; usually LENS outside, LCD inside, separated by a surface shell, the surface of the shell of the local hollowing out of the glue at least 0.50mm; LENS to the LCD to keep clean, usually made into a closed structure of the digital product LCD is often made into a component, the LENS is often made into a component, the LCD is often made into a component, the LCD is often made into a component, the LCD is often made into a component, the LCD is often made into a component, the LCD is often made into a component, the LCD is often made into a component, the LENS is usually made into a component. With iron or plastic frame wrapped into a whole, inside the PCB, IC, signal output from a soft PCB, end with a plug, easy to install and disassemble. LCD components in digital products and the face of the shell to leave a gap of 0.30mm, with 0.50mm sponge apart, can also be dustproof;
Luminous structure:
Commonly used luminous light source LAMP (lamp), LED (light-emitting diode), EL sheet, commonly used luminous structure has a reflector, reflective sheet, EL bracket, etc.; LAMP light is more scattered, usually with the reflector use, reflective cover, reflective sheet, EL bracket, etc.; the reflector is more scattered, usually with the reflector use, the reflective cover, the reflective cover, the reflective cover is more scattered. LAMP light is more scattered, usually with the reflector use, reflector into a pot shape, spray white oil, LAMP sets of different colors on the lamp cover, you can get red, green, blue and other color effects. LAMP can also be used with the reflector; LED light is more centralized, usually with the use of reflective sheet, in order to effectively improve the brightness of the reflector thickness of the best more than 2.0. Reflector can be made into a wedge-shaped (cross-section), the back of the spray white oil, the light enters from the side, it can be reflected to the front evenly. Reflection to the front, if you want to improve the brightness, can also be sprayed on the side of the white oil (except for the light into the mouth), in order to reduce the loss of light. LED itself has a red, orange, green, blue, purple and other colors to choose from; EL piece of the light-emitting effect is more uniform, with the EL bracket and EL conductive adhesive tape, green, blue to choose from, usually made with the LCD display area of the same shape, the same size, the EL piece of the use, the need to use a fire ox to boost the power supply, and the same size, EL piece of use. Need to use the fire cattle boost power supply, so the cost is higher;
Laptop reflective structure is more special, I've seen a laptop reflective structure, is a round LED into a long glass rod, glass rod uniformly bright and then from the side of the reflector evenly into the backlight effect is quite good. The back of the reflector there are a number of round structure of the small bumps, light diffuse in the small bumps position, like a small light source as bright, in close proximity to the position of the glass rod small bumps are more sparse, and away from the position of the glass rod small bumps are more dense, so that the entire reflector brightness are more uniform. Cell phone and MP3 luminescent structure directly to the OLED components inside, the design saves a lot of work; In addition, the projection clock to project the time directly to the wall, the structure is a bright red LED lamp, irradiation of reflective white LCD, to get the time of the display, and then through the two convex lenses magnified to the wall, as for the clarity is to adjust the distance between the two convex lenses to achieve the last point, to use the LCD luminescent structure of usually the glass rod position is more sparse, and away from the glass rod position is more dense, so that the entire reflector brightness are more uniform. Luminous structure of the LCD is usually semi-transparent or ultra-transparent,
Through the column structure and waterproof structure:
Through the column is the connection between the face shell and the bottom of the shell of the screw column, and its structure has a direct impact on the assembly of the whole machine and reliability; through the column can be done at the end of the structural design, but the planning should be considered clearly in the time of the modeling, for example, a product because it is necessary to do the waterproof structure, the waterproof circle is set around the waterproof structure, the waterproof circle is set around the waterproof structure. Waterproof circle is set around the pass column, so the first pass column position is set down; pass column design should first consider the whole machine force situation, generally require the draft depth of at least 3 circles or more, the hole should be left inside the chip space of 0.30mm or more; there are pass columns in the place of the outer wall is thicker, easy to lead to the appearance of the impact of shrinkage, usually in the bottom of the screw hole to thin the thickness of the wall to 1.00mm; wall-mounted clocks and bells pass columns usually use 2.60mm screws, screws, screws, screws, screws, screws, screws and so on. 2.60mm screws, screws inside diameter 2.20mm, screws outside diameter 5.00mm, screws spacing wider; small electronic products usually use 2.00mm screws to pass the post, screws inside diameter 1.60mm, screws outside diameter 4.00mm, screws spacing depending on the needs of the screws as far as possible not see the screws on the outside, if necessary, you can do it to the battery door or hidden in the easy-to-disassemble underneath the parts, you can also Do buckle to replace the screws on one side. Radio clock in the direction of the axis of the antenna to try to avoid screws, cell phone antenna near the screws should also try to avoid; for example, a waterproof clock with 1.70mm screws, screws inside diameter 1.40mm, screws outside diameter 3.60mm, because of waterproofing, so the use of stainless steel screws; there has been a MP3 machine only a 1.40mm screws, screws inside diameter 1.10mm, screws outside diameter 2.60mm, the other side to do 2.60mm, the other side to do buckle, screws hidden under the lens; another flip phone A shell B shell in the pivot position under the two 1.40mm screws, with the use of copper nut, copper nut OD 2.50mm, heated and pressed into the 2.30mm hole. The other end to do two deep 1.00mm dead buckle, A shell B shell on both sides with 0.50mm live buckle, easy to disassemble; space permitting, long screws can be pulled around some of the rockets feet, in addition to improve the force, but also make the injection molding go glue smooth; this product requires waterproof, waterproof machine can use waterproof ring, key waterproof how to do? Or waterproof ring, made of piston structure, both waterproof, can move. With a metal needle, open a circle of grooves on one side to fix the waterproof ring. Metal needle a head of the key cap, another head of the PCB board on the nest piece, press the key nest piece will be pressed, the function is realized. In order to ensure the waterproof effect, metal needle and pinhole gap 0.05-0.10mm, with the use of waterproof oil, pinhole requirements smooth; a product of the main waterproof circle cross-section for the diameter of 1.20mm circle, the amount of pre-pressure to be greater than 30%, compression 0.40mm, so the waterproof groove is designed for the width of 1.20mm, the depth of 0.80mm, 0.80mm is greater than the waterproof circle cross-sectional diameter, the waterproof groove design. With the use of waterproof oil, into the waterproof groove after the flip will not fall out; In addition to ensure the waterproof effect, the pass post screws in the waterproof circle on the outside, the distance between the pass post should not exceed 20.00mm; some waterproof products battery door side to do buckle, one side with a screw pressure, compression 0.40mm is obviously not enough, at least 0.60 how to do? People have high tactics, cross-section made of quick-acting pill shape, up and down the two semicircular, the middle end of the helicopter bit, so that you can increase the amount of compression; by the way, if the waterproofing requirements are not high, the machine's lens can also be directly bonded with double-sided adhesive, bonding surface smooth, adhesive, blowing clean of foreign matter can be;
There are waterproof products, the battery door on one side of the side of the buckle, the other side of the side with a screw pressure, the amount of compression 0.40mm is obviously not enough, at least 0.60 how do I do? The amount of 0.40mm is obviously not enough, at least 0.60 how to do? People have high tactics, cross-section made of quick-acting pill shape, up and down the two semicircular, the middle end of the helicopter bit, so that you can increase the amount of compression; increase the helicopter bit of the purpose is to increase the amount of compression, increase the amount of compression is more likely to be waterproof;
(Attachment, the amount of compression of 0.60mm compression than 0.40mm is more likely to be waterproof, a little bit of deformation away from the shell does not matter)
Key structure:
Commonly used keys have a small piece of the nest, rubber keys, mechanical keys, according to the size of the space, travel requirements, feel requirements to choose;
The nest piece of the travel is short, generally 0.20mm ~ 0.50mm, metal material, good reliability, occupies a small space, with the foot of the nest piece of the PCB with a hole in the positioning of the installation of the product with a foot. This product uses the footed tabs. Cell phone keypad is also used with a small piece of the nest, but not with a foot, the bonding needs to be precise positioning;
Rubber key stroke is long, generally 1.00mm, there are 0.50mm, rubber material, reliability is not as good as a small piece of the nest, occupies a lot of space, the advantage of the keys feel good. Phone commonly used rubber keys, and rubber keys connected to a piece, easy to install;
Mechanical buttons, in fact, inside or metal woozle piece performance and woozle piece is almost the same, but there are auxiliary agencies, the key feel than the woozle piece is easy to adjust to the optimal state, MP3, MP4 is usually used in the mechanical buttons, and also can be made into a five-bit key;
By the way to mention the mechanical push brake, can add push brake cap to use, gear, and can be used in a variety of ways. You can add the push brake cap to use, the gear sense is not easy to control, the assembly gap is insufficient may affect the gear sense. I prefer to use plastic push system, gear sense is easy to control, generally 2.00mm a file, the smallest can be done 1.50mm a file;
The key structure has a point to pay special attention to, press down can not be stuck, should be able to rebound smoothly, this bad situation occurs in the stroke of the longer rubber keys, countermeasures are to increase the depth of the key, such as the stroke of the 1.00mm rubber keys, the top of the plastic key cap to be able to rebound smoothly. If the plastic key cap is not allowed to be more than 1.00mm above the surface of the surface of the shell, you can also deepen the surface of the shell below the surface of the perimeter of the bone, the same effect; MP3, MP4 usually let the key out of the surface of the surface of the shell 0.30mm; the operation of digital products, the user will pay more attention to the surface of the key, so the designer will be in the key Therefore, designers will try their best to make the surface effect of the keys as luxurious as possible. Commonly used key surface treatment process has electroplating, make an article on the mold can be made into a matte surface effect, the edge into a high gloss effect, you can also do the knife carving effect;
PCB structure:
PCB is the electronic components attached to the carrier, the general thickness of small electronic products pushed the plate selection of 0.80mm, the main control board (hereinafter referred to as the COB) thickness of the selection of 1.00mm; general electronic products (such as large (e.g., the surface of the surface shell), the user's attention on the surface of the key, so designers will be extremely luxurious on the surface effect. mm; generally large electronic products (such as wall clocks) the thickness of the pusher plate selection of 1.00mm, COB thickness selection of 1.20 ~ 1.60mm; if the PCB area is limited enough to meet the wiring requirements, you can use to increase the jumper, single-panel to double-sided panels, double-sided panels to multilayer boards (such as the computer's motherboard); PCB on the electronic components according to the size of the components can be divided into ordinary components and SMD components, ordinary components such as coils, fire cow, large control board (hereinafter referred to as COB thickness selection of 1.00mm), the electronic components attached to the carrier. Components such as coils, fire cattle, large capacitors, etc.; chip components such as chip resistors, chip capacitors, chip IC; small electronic products (such as electronic clocks) reflective sheet and the gap between the COB is to be left for the IC, because the IC is best close to the LCD's PITCH position to facilitate the alignment. IC after bonding sealant, at least 1.50mm height, said earlier reflective sheet cross-section into a wedge, but also conducive to the placement of IC; if the LCD through the bonding sealant, at least 1.50mm height, said earlier reflective sheet section into a wedge, also Favorable placement of IC; if the LCD and COB is connected with conductive tape between the pressure of the conductive tape between the spacing between the screws do not exceed 15.00mm, so as to avoid the lack of painting; PCB on the location of the button is required to force, if possible, should try to screw columns and slots nearer to the reverse side of the necessary to add a support point;
Digital products commonly used in power supply sockets and headphone sockets also is to be stressed, can be on the PCB socket corresponding to the other side of the support bone; in the PCB wiring is required conditions and time, my practice is to provide preliminary cut board diagrams to electronic engineers to test LAY when modeling to determine the PCB area from the need to not vary too much; structural design of the intermediate process, the placement of large components, sensitive components should be communicated and coordinated with the electronic engineers (such as Bluetooth) (such as doing Bluetooth headset usually put the antenna on the end near the mouth); do all the structure and then out of the formal cutting board map, electronic engineers LAY board, the structure of this side of the board to do the hand plate, after the hand plate, PCB board is almost back, just to install the functional prototype. Solve the problem in front, this will save a lot of time; on the structural design process of this small electronic product, after the PCB is almost half finished, followed by the battery Structure; (Bluetooth headset using mechanical keys, so that the keys are high out of the face of the shell surface 0.30mm, Bluetooth headset batteries are directly glued to the PCB board, there is no problem, but the bottom of the shell should be as far as possible to start the bone in the lithium side of a slightly fixed bit, the benefits of;; the bottom of the shell should be as much as possible. A bit, there are benefits; thickness of the direction to leave a gap (generally 0.50mm), to prevent the lithium battery after charging expansion