Corporate culture refers to the enterprise in a series of political, economic and cultural practical activities, gradually formed for all employees to agree, abide by, with the characteristics of the enterprise's values, including business guidelines, business style, entrepreneurial spirit, moral code and the development of the goal and so on the sum of. At the same time, the enterprise culture or enterprise in a fairly long time precipitation in the formation of cultural concepts, historical traditions, *** with the values, moral norms, codes of conduct and other corporate ideology. Business leaders to change the culture of human function applied to enterprises to solve the problems of modern business management, there is a corporate culture.
In short corporate culture is a philosophical thinking and character traits unique to an enterprise. It is the internal driving factor of the enterprise's strategic decisions and business policies, as well as the basis for the effective operation of all enterprise systems. It is the leader of the spirit of cohesion of the staff, is the staff behavior of the navigation lamp. Corporate culture is the intangible assets of the enterprise, but also other enterprises are difficult to imitate the core resources.
In practice, an enterprise to long-term development, it is necessary to carry out strategic management, and strategic management needs a cultural atmosphere of support. Practice has shown that, although the general enterprise has its matching corporate culture, but the outstanding enterprises have a strong corporate culture. Especially when the external competitive environment of the enterprise changes, the enterprise culture also needs to be changed accordingly. Specifically, corporate culture has the following connotations.
(a) corporate culture is packaging
The enterprise is a product, corporate culture is the product outside the packaging, detailed "core values, basic values" and so on is the description of the text on the packaging. Such packaging is conducive to the promotion of this product, establish a corporate image, and increase the competitiveness of the enterprise in the market, in the ***, in the customer, in the staff. Standing on the manager's point of view, enterprise culture is the best way to convey the manager's thoughts. An enterprise without corporate culture, managers are not thinking, have their own ideas of the boss, the enterprise must have their own character and characteristics, there is some kind of culture. So standing in the enterprise is a product point of view, corporate culture is the packaging of the enterprise.
(B) corporate culture is the rules
Corporate culture is the company's unwritten rules ***. Managers want to unify the whole enterprise's thinking, and require everyone to follow the will of the manager's action. Therefore, many regulations and systems have been developed in the enterprise. But all these rules and regulations have a foundation, and this foundation is the manager's thought. But there are also many unwritten rules in the enterprise. These rules are concentrated and refined to summarize the corporate culture.
Middle management in dealing with each other, to comply with certain provisions, but also in line with some kind of agreed rules. At this point, corporate culture plays the role of lubricant. It allows both sides to maintain a communication platform to reduce the strife in the enterprise. In this way, the enterprise culture and management system cooperate with each other, making the enterprise to reduce the management cost, improve the execution of the enterprise.
Second, the three levels of corporate culture
(a) enterprise material culture
Enterprise material culture is created by the enterprise staff of the products and a variety of material facilities, such as artifacts of the culture, it is a material form of the surface of the enterprise culture, is the enterprise behavioral culture and the spirit of the enterprise culture of the manifestation and externalization of the crystallization. Including the corporate environment (working environment and living environment), corporate artifacts (corporate products, corporate production materials, cultural objects), corporate identity (corporate name, corporate symbols).
(B) corporate behavioral culture
Corporate behavioral culture is only in the production and operation of business people, interpersonal relations in the activities of the culture, it is the human behavior for the shape of the middle level of corporate culture, in a dynamic form as the form of existence. Including enterprise goal, enterprise system, enterprise democracy, enterprise cultural activities, enterprise interpersonal relations and so on. [LunWenNet.]
(C) Spiritual Culture
Spiritual culture is a kind of enterprise consciousness and cultural concepts formed in the production and operation of the enterprise, which is a kind of deep enterprise culture existing in the form of ideology. Including corporate philosophy, corporate values, corporate spirit and corporate ethics.
Question 2: What are the traditional industries 20 points The so-called traditional industries, refers to the food processing industry, textile and clothing industry, agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry, construction and building materials industry, machinery and equipment industry, automobile industry, metallurgical industry and so on. The so-called new industries refer to high-tech industries, bio-engineering industries and so on. Our country is still a traditional industry dominated the country.
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Question 3: What are the types of enterprises? Based on the type of business registration by the administration for industry and commerce, the types of business registration are divided into the following: Domestic enterprises State-owned enterprises
Collective enterprises
Joint-stock cooperative enterprises
Joint ventures
Limited Liability Company
Limited Liability Company
Limited Liability Company
Private Enterprises
Other Enterprises
Hong Kong and Macau, the United States of America, the United States of America, the United States of America, the United States of America and the United States of America.
Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Investment Enterprises
Joint Venture Enterprises
Co-operative Enterprises (Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan)
Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Wholly-owned Enterprises
Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Investment Companies
Foreign Invested Enterprises
Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprises
Sino-foreign Cooperative Joint Venture
Foreign Invested Company Limited
Question 4: What are the service-oriented enterprises? I hope you will be able to get something out of it
The service-oriented enterprises refer to the enterprises engaging in the business activities stipulated in the current business tax account of "service industry". Compared with manufacturing enterprises, one of the biggest features of service-oriented enterprises is that human capital accounts for a high proportion of capital in the enterprise, and human capital has become the "first resource" of service-oriented enterprises. The business philosophy of service-oriented enterprises is to focus on the needs of customers: its focus is to take the product as a carrier, to provide customers with a complete service: its total profits, the profits created by the provision of services occupy an important proportion. Compared with the traditional product-based enterprises, the service-oriented industry can better meet customer requirements, improve customer satisfaction and loyalty, increase the profit of service-oriented enterprises, and enhance the market competition of service-oriented enterprises .
A, the agency industry: its scope is the principal for the entrusted matters of business, including the purchase and sale of goods, imports, introduction of services and so on. Which refers to the entrusted purchase of goods or sales of goods according to the actual purchase or sale of the amount of liquidation and collect commission business. Import refers to be entrusted with the import and export of goods or services business. Introduction service refers to the business of an intermediary introducing two parties to negotiate transactions or other matters. B. Innkeeping: is the business of providing lodging services C. Catering: is the business of providing food and beverage consumption services to customers by providing both food and beverage establishments. D. Tourism: is the business of arranging accommodation, food, transportation and providing guided tour services for tourists. E, warehousing: refers to the use of warehouses, goods or other places on behalf of customers storage, custody of goods business. F. Leasing business: refers to the business of transferring sites, houses, goods, equipment or facilities to others for use within an agreed period of time. G. Advertising: the business of using books, newspapers, magazines, radio, television, movies, slides, street signs, posters, windows, neon signs, light boxes and other forms of publicity for the introduction of goods, business services, cultural and sports programs or notices, announcements, and other matters for publicity and the provision of related services. H. Other services: refers to services other than those listed above. Such as bathing, hairdressing, washing and dyeing, photography, art, framing, transcribing, typing, engraving, calculating tests, experiments, audio, video, photocopying, tanning, design, mapping, mapping, exploration, packing, consulting and so on.
Question 5: What is the difference between an innovative enterprise and a traditional enterprise? To be specific 5 points In accordance with the requirements of the provincial high-tech enterprises, each year to apply to 4-6 patents, R & D funds accounted for more than 4% of the current year's sales, while all industries have a variety of innovation funds and other *** subsidies, can be based on the company's various innovative projects (renovation) to prepare the application documents. The difference between innovation and traditional, the key lies in the change every year, there are new patents, R & D projects, the traditional type is just a year after year in the repetition of production, the lack of R & D activities.
Question 6: What are the business models? First, the enterprise operation mode according to the position of the enterprise in the industry chain classification:
1, production OEM type (spindle type) business model
This type of business model enterprise is characterized by the enterprise as a supplier of the industry chain in the lower reaches of the enterprise, generally according to the customer's order, the processing of products. In the market, labeled with other enterprises for sales, the enterprise is only responsible for the production of a certain industry in a certain or several products or parts, for the sale of products and product design does not do too much involved,
2, design + sales-type (dumbbell-type) business model
This type of business model and the production of OEM-type business model is just the opposite of the business is not involved in the production of field This type of business model is the opposite of the OEM business model, the enterprise is not involved in the production field of any business, only responsible for the design and sales, the enterprise design the products and services demanded by customers in the market, and then look for the corresponding production of OEM, which requires the enterprise to have a very strong design capability and sales capacity and have their own well-known brands. This type of enterprise and market contact is very close, for the market dynamics and customer demand is very sensitive, is the fastest market responders
3, production + sales business model
Using this business model of production-oriented enterprises is the most common, the enterprise involves the last two parts of the business process: production and sales. For product design, for some reason, the enterprise is not involved. In this node of the business *** when the competition between enterprises is intense. The business structure diagram is shown in Figure 4.
4, design + production + sales business model
This is the node in the industry chain involved in more business model, the use of this business model enterprises are characterized by enterprises with a certain degree of new product development capabilities. According to the market demand, the enterprise develops its own products needed in the market, and at the same time reforms the previous products; in terms of manufacturing, the enterprise has a certain manufacturing capacity, the flexibility of the manufacturing equipment is better, and the new products developed can be produced by the existing equipment or have enough funds for the construction of new production lines. For their own products through their own marketing system to establish their own customer base.
5, information service type
Information service type of enterprise is more typical of the consulting company, this type of enterprise or company, not involved in manufacturing all activities, but to a large extent with the manufacturing industry has a close relationship.
Second, the enterprise operation mode according to the business scope of the enterprise points:
1, the unitary business model
The unitary business, also known as specialization, refers to the enterprise only in the field of a product design, production or sales, the enterprise's business scope is relatively single. The advantage of this type of business model is that the enterprise is facing a relatively limited market scope, and can concentrate the enterprise's resources to compete; the risk is that many competitors may recognize the effectiveness of the specialization strategy, and imitate this model.
2. Diversification mode
Diversification mode is divided into three basic types: centralized diversification, horizontal diversification and mixed diversification.
Question 7: Hollander Occupational Interests (EAC) Enterprise, Artistic, Traditional What are the suitable occupations? 25 points Description of the types of occupational interests and suitable occupations:
Realistic, also known as Skilled. Individuals with this type of tendency are technically and athletically oriented. Tend to have strong physical skills and mechanical coordination, with a strong concern for machinery and objects. They are steady and practical, preferring well-defined activities and technical work, and are even eager to create new things with their own hands. Not very talkative, less interested in interpersonal and personnel management, supervision and other activities. Occupations in this field include those requiring specialized skills, plant and animal management, machinery management, production technology, handicraft skills, and mechanical installations and operation.
The Investigative type is also known as the Investigative type. Individuals with this type of tendency like to think theoretically or favor mathematical and statistical work, and have a great passion for solving abstract problems. They usually tend to think and analyze to solve difficult problems, but not necessarily to the concrete operation. Prefer creative and challenging work, not so much fixed program tasks. They have a strong tendency to be independent, and are reluctant to lead or interact with people. Suitable occupations are: analysts, designers, biologists, etc..
Artistic (Artistic) Individuals with this type of tendency show a clear preference for work with space for creativity, imagination and self-expression. They share with research-oriented individuals a strong creative streak, a dislike of more structured tasks and environments, and a lack of interest in mechanical and programmatic work. They also tend to be more independent and less social. The difference between the two is that the artistically inclined individual is self-expressive, values his or her own sensibility, is more intuitive, and has greater emotional variability. Occupations in this field include art, sculpture, and crafts, dance, and theater.
Social Individuals with this type of tendency enjoy working with people. They are usually more verbal than mathematical, talkative, willing to get along with people, help people, humanitarian tendencies, and a strong sense of responsibility. They are accustomed to discussing or adjusting interpersonal relationships to solve the problems they face. Less inclined to work with machinery and objects. Suitable for consulting, training, counseling and persuasive work. Careers in this field include schooling and social education, social welfare, medical and health care, and a variety of direct human services and merchandising careers.
Enterprising is also known as business-oriented. Individuals with this interest tendency, like to make new work plans, career planning and the establishment of new organizations, and actively play the role of the organization to carry out activities; like to influence, manage, lead others; self-confidence, dominance, strong risk-taking. They do not like jobs that are specific and detailed, or that require long periods of mental concentration. Occupations in this field include: management, marketing and sales occupations.
Conventional is also known as transactional. Individuals with this type of tendency prefer highly organized work with clear requirements, and are less comfortable with vague rules and a high degree of freedom. Do not like to take the initiative to make decisions, accustomed to obedience, generally more loyal, reliable, conservative. Will keep a certain distance from people at work. Work carefully and with perseverance. More concerned about social status and social evaluation, usually willing to do general work in large organizations. Corresponding career fields are: bank clerks, librarians, accountants, cashiers, statisticians, computer operators, and office clerks.
Question 8: What are the categories of productive enterprises? Production-oriented business categories are:
1, synthetic. Refers to the different components (parts) synthesized or assembled into a product, that is, the nature of processing and assembly production, such as machinery manufacturers, textile mills, etc.;
2, decomposition type. Refers to the decomposition of raw materials into a variety of products after processing, that is, the nature of the production of the FWB, such as oil refineries, coking plants, etc.;
3, mediation type. Refers to the production of products made by changing the shape or properties of the processed object, such as iron and steel mills, rubber factories, etc.;
4, extraction type. Refers to the production of products extracted from the underground, the sea, such as coal mines, oil fields, etc..
The production process of an enterprise may use a variety of production methods, and several of the above types of production can co-exist at the same time.
Question 9: What specific industries are included in manufacturing? 10 points Main Classification
01 Agricultural and Food Processing Industry
02 Food Manufacturing Industry
03 Alcohol, Beverage and Refined Tea Manufacturing Industry
04 Tobacco Products Industry
05 Textile Industry
06 Textile Clothing and Apparel Industry
07 Leather, Fur, Feather and their Products and Footwear Industry
08 Timber Processing and Wood, Wood, Feathers and their Products and Footwear Industry
p> 08 Timber processing and wood, bamboo, rattan, palm and grass products
09 Furniture Manufacturing
10 Paper and Paper Products
11 Printing and Recorded Media Reproduction
12 Arts and Education, Arts and Crafts, Sports and Recreational Goods Manufacturing
13 Petroleum Processing, Coking and Nuclear Fuel Processing
14 Chemical Raw Materials and Chemical Products Manufacturing
14 Chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing
15 Pharmaceutical manufacturing
16 Chemical fiber manufacturing
17 Rubber and plastic products industry
18 Non-metallic mineral products industry
19 Ferrous metal smelting and rolling industry
20 Non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling industry
21 Metal products industry
21 Metal Products Industry
22 General Equipment Manufacturing
23 Special Purpose Equipment Manufacturing
24 Automobile Manufacturing
25 Railway, Shipbuilding, Aerospace and Other Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
26 Electrical Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing
27 Computer, Communication and Other Electronic Equipment Manufacturing
28 Instrumentation Manufacturing29 Other Manufacturing
30 Comprehensive Utilization of Waste Resources
31 Metal Products, Machinery and Equipment Repair Industry [1]
Question 10: traditional research-oriented enterprise line of people suitable for what specialties action-oriented in two kinds: the first is a step-by-step warehouse management personnel, logistics, and so on; the second is Insurance, sales. The research type is to engage in scientific and technological research is quite good