1. At present, there are about1.50,000 known species of animals. These animals can be divided into two categories: one is vertebrates, which have thorns in their bodies; The other is invertebrate, which has no spine in its body.
2. Biodiversity: 1, species diversity; 2. Diversity of living environment; 3. Diversity of exercise methods.
6. When it is difficult to do experiments directly with the research object, sometimes experiments are done with the model, that is, imitating the experimental object to do the model, or imitating some conditions of the experiment. Such an experiment is called a simulation experiment.
7. Various fins play an auxiliary and coordinating role in sports.
10, gill is not easy to absorb oxygen in the air. After the fish left the water, the gill filaments covered each other, which reduced the contact area with the air and could not get enough oxygen from the air, so they died of lack of oxygen.
18, crustaceans breathe through gills.
19, coelenterates, mollusks and crustaceans are invertebrates.
20. All kinds of creatures in water are an important part of aquatic ecosystem. They form a close and complicated connection through food chain and food web, and at the same time, they are all influenced by aquatic environment. The change of their species and the increase or decrease of their quantity will affect human life.
2 1. Compared with the water environment, the land environment is much more complicated. (1) is relatively dry; (2) The temperature difference between day and night is large; (3) Insufficient buoyancy in water; (4) gaseous oxygen; (5) The land environment is complex and changeable.
Annelids are not mollusks, annelids are invertebrates.
24. Animals whose bodies are composed of many similar annular segments are called annelids.
230. Compared with warm-blooded animals, warm-blooded animals are more adaptable to the environment and are conducive to normal metabolism.
33, front teeth-cut off the canine teeth of food-tear the molars of food-grind food.
36. The cecum is mainly used to digest fiber, and the cecum of herbivores is developed.
39. Mammals are the tallest animals, especially vertebrates. There are many kinds, about 4000 on the earth. Except for a few species, they all have the characteristics of body surface coat, viviparous and lactation. Other features: four cavities in the heart, breathing with lungs, constant body temperature, belonging to warm-blooded animals, with incisors, canines and molars.
There are more than 9000 kinds of birds in the world.
4 1, the shape of the bird is streamlined, which reduces the air resistance during flight.
42. Birds' feathers are divided into normal feathers and down feathers (with warm-keeping function). Normal feathers have quills and fan-shaped wings, which can increase the contact area with air and facilitate flight by flapping the air.
5 1. Insects are the most diverse animals, with more than 1 10,000 known species (accounting for 4/5 of the animal species). Insects have three pairs of feet and can crawl. Some insects' feet are specialized into jumping feet, which can jump; Most insects have wings and can fly. Insects are the only flying animals among invertebrates.
53. The significance of wings to the life and distribution of insects: it is beneficial to feed, avoid enemies, expand activities and distribution, and find places suitable for mating and spawning.
55. Insects are classified as arthropods. Besides insects, arthropods include spiders, centipedes, shrimps, crabs and so on. Their similarities are: their bodies are composed of many segments; There is an exoskeleton on the body surface; The foot and antenna are segmented.
56. Larvae live in water, breathe through gills, undergo metamorphosis, then live an amphibious life, breathe through lungs and breathe through skin. This animal is called amphibian.
57. The behavior of animals depends on a certain body structure.
60. People have 206 bones: skull, sternum, ribs (immobile) and trunk bones (semi-active).
Movable joints (joints) of limbs.
6 1, people have 26 vertebrae (semi-mobile bone connection)
62. Joint structure: joint head, joint capsule, joint cavity (with synovial fluid to make joint activities flexible), joint fossa, and joint cartilage (cushioning effect). Joint capsule. Joint head. Joint cavity. Articular cartilage. sucking disc
63. Joints act as fulcrums in motion and are the points around which bones rotate.
65. All vertebrates have joints.
69. Skeletal muscle has the characteristic of stimulated contraction.
70. Why does skeletal muscle affect bones: When skeletal muscle is stimulated and contracted by nerves, it will affect the movement of bones around joints, so the body will exercise.
7 1, the muscles connected with bones are always coordinated by two groups of muscles.
72. There are more than 600 skeletal muscles in the whole body. When the arm droops naturally, both biceps brachii and triceps brachii relax.
74. Of course, exercise is not completed only by the exercise system, it needs the control and adjustment of the nervous system and the supply of energy, so it also needs the cooperation of the digestive system, respiratory system and circulatory system.
76. Animals have various behaviors. From the way of acquiring behavior, animal behavior can be roughly divided into two categories. One is the innate behavior of animals, which is determined by the genetic material in animals, which is called congenital behavior; The other is the behavior obtained from life experience and learning through the role of environmental factors on the basis of genetic factors, which is called learning behavior.
79. The higher an animal is, the stronger its learning ability and the more it can adapt to the complex environment. Similarly, the more complex the environment, the more behaviors you need to learn.
80. Congenital behavior has great limitations. If a creature has only innate behavior but no learning behavior, then it will be eliminated naturally.
8 1, for a person, skill training and knowledge learning are adapted to the development stage of the brain, and it is difficult to make up once the critical period of learning is missed.
82. Social behavior characteristics: 1. Some organizations often form within groups; 2. Clear division of labor among members; 3. Grades have also been formed in some groups.
83. Groups are arranged in a hierarchical system according to their size, strength, health and ferocity.
85. Animals' movements, sounds and smells can all play the role of transmitting information.
86. The significance of social behavior to animal survival: It is often easier to get food and overcome the invasion of natural enemies by relying on the strength of groups, which can effectively ensure the reproduction of species, make groups better adapt to the environment and maintain the lives of individuals and races.
It is precisely because of the existence of material flow, energy flow and information flow that the relationship between organisms is complicated, and "one hair pulls one hair and moves the whole body", which makes organisms and the environment become a unified whole.
88. There are interdependent and mutually restrictive relationships between the food chain and various organisms in the food web. In an ecosystem, the number and proportion of various organisms are always maintained in a relatively stable state, which is called ecological balance.
The role of animals in nature: 1. Animals play an important role in maintaining ecological balance; 2. Animals can promote the material circulation of the ecosystem; 3. Help plants pollinate and spread seeds; 4. Biological control.
90. Biological control refers to the use of organisms to control pests and diseases. In addition to insect control, there are birds and bacteria.
92. In the ecosystem, the number and proportion of all kinds of organisms are always kept in a relatively stable state.
93. Using biology as a "workshop" to produce certain substances needed by human beings is a bioreactor.
94. Advantages of bioreactor: It can save the cost of building a factory building and purchasing instruments and equipment, and reduce complicated production procedures and environmental pollution.
95. Through careful observation and study of living things, imitating some structures and functions of living things and inventing various instruments and equipment is bionic.
96. A colony is an aggregate of bacteria or fungi that can be seen by the naked eye after reproduction.
98. Bacteria and fungi, as well as their different species, can be roughly distinguished from the morphology, size and color of colonies.
99. Colonies are often used as an important basis for strain identification.
10 1. Bacteria and fungi are widely distributed in the biosphere.
102. Bacteria and fungi also need certain conditions to survive. If you need moisture, suitable temperature, certain living space, organic matter.
103. It is impossible to have bacteria and fungi in a strict high-temperature mold environment.
105. All bacteria are unicellular organisms.
106. Some bacteria are interconnected in clusters or long chains, but each bacteria also lives independently.
108. Nutritional models are divided into autotrophic model and heterotrophic model. Both bacteria and fungi are heterotrophic models, which can be divided into saprophytic model and parasitic model.
1 10. Yeast is a unicellular fungus. Mould, edible fungi and macrofungi are all multicellular fungi.
1 12. There is no chloroplast in the cells of fungi, and spores can reproduce.
1 13. The yeast is sprouting.
1 14. Penicillium: The spores are turquoise and arranged in a broom shape. The nutritional mode is heterotrophic.
1 15. Aspergillus: The spores are of various colors and arranged radially. The nutritional mode is heterotrophic.
1 16. The fungus that causes food mildew is mold.
1 18. the role of bacteria and fungi in nature: (1) participate in the material cycle; (2) Causing animal and plant diseases; (3) Causing animal diseases.
Most bacteria and fungi are decomposers in the ecosystem.
120. In the material cycle of nature, bacteria and fungi decompose the remains of animals and plants into carbon dioxide, water and inorganic salts, which can be absorbed and utilized by plants to make organic matter. It can be seen that bacteria and fungi play an important role in the circulation of carbon dioxide and other substances in nature.
122.*** Living together is interdependent and mutually beneficial. Once separated, neither of them can live independently. This phenomenon is called * * *. (once separated, you can live independently, called * * * habitat)
123. Parasitic (often harmful); * * * Health (mutual benefit).
125. Fermentation: anaerobic respiration of microorganisms (also known as respiration)
127. Some fungi can produce substances that kill some pathogenic bacteria. These substances are called antibiotics.
128. Scientists can also use modern technology to transfer some genes from other organisms to some bacteria, and only these bacteria can produce drugs (using bacteria as bioreactors).
129. 1928, British bacteriologist Fleming invented antibiotics.
130. Significance of biological classification: Understand and protect biodiversity, make the position of each species in biological classification clear at a glance, and further clarify the genetic relationship between organisms.
13 1. Biological classification mainly classifies organisms into species, genera and other levels according to their similarity (morphological structure, internal structure and physiological function). The basic unit of classification is species.
132. In angiosperms, flowers, fruits and seeds are often used as important basis for classification.
137. The internal form of biodiversity is the diversity of genes, and the external form is the diversity of species.
140. The destruction of polycentric ecosystem will lead to the loss of biodiversity and gene diversity.
142. The threat to biodiversity is caused by the change and destruction of (1) living environment; (2) Predatory exploitation and utilization; (3) environmental pollution; (4) Biological invasion.
143. In order to protect biodiversity, relevant laws include environmental protection law, marine environmental protection law, forest law, grassland law, fishery law, wildlife protection law, water and soil protection law, etc. (Add "People's Republic of China (PRC)" before each law)
144. The establishment of nature reserves is divided into in-situ protection and enclosure protection.
Davidia involucrata is an angiosperm. The silver cedar is a gymnosperm.
Review materials at the end of geography in the first volume of the second day of junior high school
1, the geographical location and characteristics of China:
● Latitude position and advantages: China's territory spans a vast latitude from north to south, most of which are located in the mid-latitude area, belonging to the (northern temperature) zone, and a small part is in the (tropical) zone, not in the (cold zone). The huge climate difference provides favorable conditions for the development of (various agricultural economies).
● Land and sea location and advantages: (1) is located in the east of Asia and the west of the Pacific Ocean, which makes the vast area in the east of China (under the influence of humid air flow in summer monsoon, precipitation) rich and is beneficial to (agricultural) production; (2) The eastern region has both land and sea, which is conducive to friendly exchanges with overseas countries; Western region (deep into Eurasia)
China's land transportation can directly communicate with other countries (Central Asia, West Asia and Europe), which is convenient for foreign countries (communication and cooperation) (3) There are many excellent harbors along the coast, which are convenient for development (marine undertakings).
China has a territory of 9.6 million square kilometers, ranking third in the world, next only to Russian and Canadian.
Lulin 14. The counterclockwise directions are North Korea, Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam. The land border is more than 20,000 kilometers.
There are six countries across the sea: Korea, Japan, Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia.
2. The population of our country
● Total population: 654.38+295 million in 2000.
● The outstanding characteristics of China's population: large population base and rapid population growth.
● Characteristics of population distribution in China: The population distribution is uneven, bounded by Heihe River in Heilongjiang and Tengchong in Yunnan. The population density in the eastern region is high, while that in the western region is low. The western part of China is sparsely populated, but rich in resources. What problems should be paid attention to in the development of the western region? The western region has resource advantages, but the natural environment is relatively fragile. At present, the contradiction between man, land, water and soil is quite acute, and the development of the western region must be based on environmental protection, and it is not possible to develop first and then treat it.
National population policy: family planning.
● Content: Control the population and improve the quality of the population.
3. Nationalities in China
There are 56 ethnic groups in China, among which the Han nationality has the largest population and the Zhuang nationality has the largest population.
● Distribution characteristics of Han nationality: Han nationality is distributed all over the country, with the most concentrated in the central and eastern regions.
● Distribution characteristics of ethnic minorities: mainly concentrated in the northeast, northwest and southwest. The largest minority is Zhuang nationality. Ethnic distribution characteristics: large mixed residence, small settlement.
● National customs:
Mongolian Nadam Congress
Dai water-splashing festival, peacock dance,
Keywords Tibetan group dance, Tibetan calendar year,
The long-term encouragement of the Korean people.
4. The terrain of China
● China's topographical features: the terrain is complex and diverse, and the mountains are vast.
● What problems should be paid attention to in the development and protection of mountainous areas:
(1) Mountainous terrain, inconvenient transportation and difficult infrastructure construction.
(2) When developing and utilizing mountainous areas, special attention should be paid to the construction of ecological environment to prevent and avoid mountain disasters such as collapse, landslide and debris flow.
● Topographic features of China: The topography of China is high in the west and low in the east, with a stepped distribution.
Stairs, altitude, main terrain types and boundaries of main terrain areas
The first step, the first step, the second step, Kunlun Mountain-Qilian Mountain-Hengduan Mountain; The second and third steps are Daxinganling-Taihang Mountain-Wushan-Xuefeng Mountain. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Qaidam Basin over 4000m.
The second step is 1000-2000m Plateau, Inner Mongolia Plateau, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Loess Plateau, Sichuan Basin, Tarim Basin and Junggar Basin.
The hills, mountains, plains and basins below the third step 500 meters are alternately distributed in the southeast hills, northeast plains, North China plains and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
● The influence of the stepped distribution of China's topography on the climate, rivers and traffic in China;
(1) Impact on climate: China's topography is high in the west and low in the east, which is conducive to the humid air flow at sea to advance inland and bring abundant precipitation to vast areas of China.
(2) Impact on rivers: the topography of high in the west and low in the east will inevitably cause rivers in China to flow into the sea from west to east; When the river flows from a higher step to a lower step, the drop is large, resulting in huge water energy.
(3) Impact on traffic: The big river flowing eastward connects the traffic between the east and the west of China, which facilitates the connection between coastal areas and inland areas; The mountain range at the junction of stairs has become a huge obstacle to the east-west traffic in China.
Topographic areas on both sides of the mountain range
West side east side
① Northeast Plain of Inner Mongolia Plateau in Daxinganling
② Taihang Mountain Loess Plateau North China Plain
③ Wushan Sichuan Basin Yangtze River Plain
④ Hengduan Mountains, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Sichuan Basin or Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.
Topographic areas on both sides of the mountain range
North and South
⑤ The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Kunlun Mountain Tarim Basin
⑥ Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin and Tianshan Mountain
● Mountains form the terrain skeleton.
● Four stationary periods
(Qinghai-Tibet Plateau) The plateau with the highest altitude and the largest area in China.
(Inner Mongolia Plateau) The ground is open and endless.
Loess is widely distributed, and there are thousands of valleys on the surface.
The surface of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is rugged and the karst landform is remarkable.
● Four great basin
The largest basin is Tarim basin.
The basin with the highest altitude is (Qaidam) basin.
The basin with the highest latitude is Junggar basin.
The basin with the best conditions for developing agricultural production is the (Sichuan) basin.
● Main mountain range trend: east-west trend: Tianshan-Yinshan.
Kunlun Mountain-Qinling Mountains
Nanling mountains
Northeast-southwest trend: Daxinganling-Taihang Mountain-Wushan-Xuefeng Mountain
Changbai Mountain Range-Wuyishan Mountain Range
Mountainous areas of Taiwan Province Province.
North-South trend: Hengduan Mountains.
Northwest-Southeast Strike: Qilian Mountain Range
Arc mountain range: Himalayas
5. Climate in China
According to the active accumulated temperature, China can be divided into five temperature zones from north to south.
Cold temperate zone, middle temperate zone, warm temperate zone, subtropical zone and tropical zone; In addition, there is a plateau climate zone with higher terrain.
According to the relationship between precipitation and evaporation, China can be divided into four dry and wet areas:
Dry and wet areas, humid areas, semi-humid areas, semi-arid areas and arid areas.
Vegetation: forest, grassland, grassland and desert.
Agricultural type planting (paddy field agriculture) planting (dry land agriculture) animal husbandry
● The dividing line between monsoon area and non-monsoon area: (Daxinganling), (Yinshan), (Helan), (Bayankala) and (Gangdise).
Name the reasons for the differences in the following geographical phenomena:
The formation of the special "Land of Fish and Rice" in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China benefited from the monsoon climate of the same period of rain and heat.
The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are roughly at the same latitude as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, but the reason for the great climate difference is the high altitude of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Arabian Peninsula are roughly at the same latitude, and the reason for the great climate difference is due to the land and sea position and summer monsoon.
The influence of. The latitudes of Beijing and Urumqi are roughly the same, but the precipitation is quite different. Land and sea location, summer monsoon
Planting different fruit trees in different temperature areas; Different temperature zones have different internal cooking systems; The architectural structure of traditional folk houses in north and south is also different. The reason is latitude.
The vegetation in the east and west is different; The types of agriculture in the east and west are different, with farming in the east and animal husbandry in the west; The roof structure of east and west houses is different, with many pheasant roofs in the southeast and many flat roofs in the northwest. (Different precipitation)
China is extremely rich in crops and various animal and plant resources. (The climate is complex and diverse)
② Different natural resources and tourism resources (with complex and diverse climate) are formed.
People's eating habits are also different, such as: Sichuan, Hunan and other places are cold and humid in winter, and they like to eat Chili; Southerners love rice, while northerners love pasta. (The climate is complex and diverse)
People's clothes are also colorful because they have adapted to the climate (the climate is complex and diverse)
For example, Tibetan robes in Tibet are designed to adapt to the climatic characteristics of Tibet with large daily difference (topography); ⑤ Architectural features vary from place to place. The slope of the roof in the north is small, the wall is thick, and the slope of the roof in the south is large (temperature and precipitation); 6. That's right. ……
( 1)①7; ②7、8; ③4、5、6、7、8; ④4、5、6、7、8、9
(2) More in summer and autumn, less in winter and spring
(3) Guangzhou and Harbin; The rain belt in China is advancing from south to north.
(4) Because the rainy season in southern China starts early and ends late, the rainy season is long; The rainy season in northern China started late, ended early and lasted for a short time.
● Disastrous weather (cold wave), (typhoon) and (flood and drought disaster) caused by monsoon climate.
● Main features of climate in China.
(1) Read the climate characteristics of our country from the picture: the climate characteristics (complex and diverse climate) and (monsoon) climate are remarkable.
(2) Sanming has a subtropical monsoon climate.
List and compare the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.
Yangtze river and yellow river project
Mount Tanggula, the birthplace of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and Bayankala, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Source Tuotuo River Yuegu Zonglie Canal
It flows through Qinghai, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong and other provinces.
It flows through the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Sichuan Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Loess Plateau and North China Plain in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
The main tributaries are Jialing River, Hanjiang River, Ganjiang River, Taohe River, Huangshui River and Weihe River.
The basin is located between Qinling and Nanling, and between Yinshan and Qinling.
Develop hydropower (upstream) and shipping hydropower (upstream)
Harnessing and building shelter forests in the middle and upper reaches (omitted, see the table below)
● Causes of disasters in various sections of the Yellow River and basic control schemes.
The upper, middle and lower reaches of the river.
The main disasters are grassland degradation, desertification and serious soil erosion.
The cause of the disaster is that the climate tends to be dry. The middle reaches of the Yellow River flow through the Loess Plateau with many tributaries. The loess plateau has loose soil layer and serious vegetation destruction. In heavy rain, a lot of sediment flows into the Yellow River with the rain.
When the Yellow River enters the lower reaches of the plain, the channel widens and the slope slows down. The river's velocity slows down, and the sediment it carries is deposited, which makes the river bed gradually rise.
Managing planting trees and grass to carry out comprehensive management of soil and water conservation. Reinforce the Yellow River levee
8. Characteristics of China's natural resources: (rich in total resources), (but insufficient per capita). )
Types of land resources Main topographic types in dry and wet areas in monsoon or non-monsoon areas
Farmland monsoon region in humid and semi-humid areas of plains, low mountains and hills and eastern basin
Semi-arid Plateau in Non-monsoon Region of Mountain Meadow in Wet Forest Region
Basins and plateaus with unused land in semi-arid areas of western China.
● The basic national policy of land in China is to "cherish and rationally use every inch of land and effectively protect cultivated land."
Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water resources in China and its influence on social and economic development
At present, the freshwater resources used by human beings are mainly rivers, lakes and shallow groundwater.
● Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water resources in China: time: more in summer and autumn, less in winter and spring; Space: There is no southerly wind in the north.
● Solve the problem of uneven distribution of water resources in time and space: The construction of reservoirs can effectively control the seasonal variation of runoff and water quantity. For example, the Three Gorges and Xiaolangdi water control projects.
● One of the effective ways to solve the uneven distribution of water resources in different regions: inter-basin water transfer. For example, the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, the Luanhe River Diversion Project and the Yellow River Diversion Project.
● One of the main ways to solve the water shortage problem in China is to save water and protect water resources.
9. Traffic in China
● The overall distribution pattern of China's traffic network: dense in the east and sparse in the west.
● Main railway lines in China.
① Lanxin Line ② Qinghai-Tibet Line (unfinished) ③ Baolan Line ④ Beijing-Kowloon Line ⑤ Baocheng Line ⑤ Chengkun Line.
East-west direction: Beijing-Baotou-Baolan line (Baotou-Lanzhou); Longhai (Lianyungang-Lanzhou)-Lanxin Line (Lanzhou-Urumqi);
Shanghai-Hangzhou-Zhejiang-Jiangxi (Hangzhou-Zhuzhou)-Xiang Qian (Zhuzhou-Guiyang)-Guikun (Guiyang-Kunming) Line
North-South direction: Jingha Line (Beijing-Harbin); Beijing-Shanghai line (Beijing-Shanghai); Beijing-Guangzhou line (Beijing-Guangzhou); Beijing-Kowloon Line (Beijing-Kowloon)
Liujiao Line (Jiaozuo-Liuzhou); Baocheng Line (Baoji-Chengdu)-Chengkun Line (Chengdu-Kunming)
Major transportation hubs and railway trunk lines in China;
Beijing: (Jingha Line), (Beijing-Baotou Line), (Beijing-Guangzhou Line), (Beijing-Shanghai Line) and (Beijing-Kowloon Line).
Xuzhou: (Longhai Line), (Beijing-Shanghai Line).
Zhengzhou: (Longhai Line), (Beijing-Guangzhou Line).
Lanzhou: (Longhai Line), (Jingbao Line) and (Baolan Line).
● Reasonable choice of transportation mode according to needs (omitted)
9. Agriculture in China
● Regional distribution of agriculture:
Differences between East and West:
400 mm isohyet in the west and east.
Planting, animal husbandry, forestry and fishery
Plains, valleys and oases with irrigation water sources; Semi-humid and humid plains in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai and eastern Tibet; Natural forest areas in the northeast and southwest; And artificial forest areas in the southeast.
North-South differences in planting in the eastern coastal areas and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River;
Crops of cultivated land types in this area are ripe (several times a year), and the main crops are ripe.
Grain crops, oil crops, sugar crops
Wheat, peanut and beet are harvested once a year, thrice a year and twice a year in the dryland north of Qinling-Huaihe River.
In the south of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains, rice, rape and sugarcane are harvested twice a year and three times a year in paddy fields.
● Three major cotton areas:
● Illustrate the necessity of developing agriculture according to local conditions with examples: (P 102 Figure 4. 16 Fill in the Atlas P32 V)
Making use of local (natural) advantages to arrange agricultural production departments or crops to be developed in areas that are most conducive to their own development and growth is one of the important contents of "adapting to local conditions".
Agricultural production is also restricted by local (socio-economic conditions), which is also a factor that needs to be fully considered in developing agriculture.
10, China industry
● Industrial distribution characteristics: (coastal), (along the river) and (along the traffic)
● Spatial distribution of industry:
(1) Industrial bases along national railways such as Beijing-Guangzhou, Beijing-Harbin and Beijing-Shanghai.
(2) Industrial belt in the Yellow River Basin.
(3) The economically developed areas along the Yangtze River centered on (Shanghai), (Nanjing), (Wuhan) and (Chongqing).
(4) Coastal areas (Yangtze River Delta), (south-central Liaoning), (Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan), (Pearl River Delta) and other core areas with the most developed economy.
● Develop high-tech industries;
(1) Features: A large proportion of scientific and technical personnel are employed; The cost of development and research is high; Product update is fast.
(2) Distribution characteristics: it is mostly attached to big cities and has the characteristics of large dispersion and small concentration.
(3) development focus: focus on developing high-tech industries in coastal areas (science park type); Border areas are dominated by (trade-oriented) industries; Inland areas focus on industries closely related to (national defense, military).
● High-tech industrial development zones are attached to big cities, and their distribution characteristics are (large dispersion) and (small concentration).
● Give examples to illustrate the impact of high-tech industries on production and life;
Shanghai: Optimization and adjustment of industrial structure. (changes in Shanghai's industry)
Beijing: The rapid growth rate has promoted and promoted the economic development. Zhongguancun's contribution to Beijing's economic development
Internet: Internet technology has changed people's way of life and production. (Online shopping, SOHO clan, online community, etc. )