PDCA cycle of four stages to analyze the various factors or causes of the commonly used methods are arranged charts, histograms, etc.
What is the PDCA cycle?
The PDCA cycle means that quality management is divided into four stages, namely Plan, Do, Check and Act.
In the quality management activities, the requirements of the work in accordance with the plan, plan implementation, check the implementation of the effect, and then the success of the standard into the unsuccessful to be left to the next cycle to solve. This method of work is the basic method of quality management, but also the general law of enterprise management work.
Background of the PDCA cycle
The PDCA cycle is the first step in the development of William. Edward Deming proposed in the 1950s. It was developed by William Edward Deming in the 1950s to provide a simple and easy to implement method for problem solving.
In 1950, Deming went to Japan to work as a lecturer and consultant to industry, during which time he helped to reorganize and create the Japanese industrial system, and shaped the Japanese model of business management that has taken the world by storm.
His main objective was to rebuild Japanese industries by applying the PDCA cycle in a process of continuous improvement so that they would be competitive in the world market in the near future.
The PDCA cycle is characterized by the following features: the big ring sets up the small ring, the small environmental protection ring, the big ring, and the mutual promotion to promote the big cycle.
PDCA cycle commonly used QC seven tools
1, checklist
Checklist is a simple data, easy to understand the way, made of charts or tables, when necessary to write down the check mark and statistical organization, as a further analysis or check check checking The tool is used for further analysis or checking.
2, Plato
Plato, also known as the arrangement of charts or Pareto charts, is based on the collection of data, the causes of defects, defective conditions occurring in the phenomenon of the system to be categorized by layer, calculate the data generated by each item (such as defective rate, the amount of loss) and the proportion of the proportion of the order in accordance with the size of the order of arrangement, to produce a It is a QC method to analyze the cause of the problem by adding up the value of the graphs.
3, layer method
Layer method is to get the data and survey objects, equipment, products, methods, etc. to classify, through a layer of comparison, analysis to find the real problem. It is a simple and intuitive classification, to compare the same level of each element of the difference between the method.
4, the characteristics of the key factors chart
The characteristics of the key factors chart is based on the results (characteristics) to find the cause (the key factors affecting the results) of a QC technique. Characteristics of the main cause of the map was first put forward by the Japanese quality control master Ishikawa Xin, so it is also called Ishikawa diagram. At the same time, because of its shape, it is also called fishbone diagram, fishbone diagram.
5, scatter diagram
When two groups of characteristic values or data in one group changes, will have an impact on the other group, the two groups of characteristic values called correlation, the graphical representation of the relationship between the graphics is the scatter diagram.
6, control chart
Control chart is used to analyze and control the quality of the process of a method. It is a kind of control boundaries reflecting the quality of the process of recording graphics, graph of the vertical axis represents the product quality characteristics of the value (or by the value of the quality characteristics of a certain statistic);
The horizontal axis represents the chronological order (from left to right) extracted from the various sample number; graph within the center line (recorded as CL), on the control boundaries (recorded as UCL) and under the control of the boundaries (recorded as LCL) of the three lines, the figure There are also record points and record lines.
7, histogram
Histogram, also known as the quality of the distribution chart, it is based on the quality of data collected in the production process distribution, drawn to the bottom edge of the group distance to the height of the number of times a series of connected to the rectangular matrix. In quality management, can be based on the distribution of graphics to determine and predict the product quality and failure rate.
The four phases of the PDCA cycle
1, P (Plan) plan, including the determination of guidelines and objectives, as well as the development of activity planning.
2, D (Do) implementation, based on known information, the design of specific methods, programs and plan layout; and then based on the design and layout, the specific operation, to achieve the contents of the plan.
3, C (Check) check, summarize the results of the implementation of the plan, to distinguish between what is right, what is wrong, clear effect, identify problems.
4, A (Act) processing, the summary of the results of the inspection, the success of the experience to be affirmed, and be standardized; for the failure of the lessons should also be summarized, to attract attention. For the unresolved issues should be submitted to the next PDCA cycle to solve.
PDCA cycle of eight steps
Step 1: analysis of the current situation, found the problem; Step 2: analysis of quality problems in a variety of factors affecting; Step 3: analysis of the main causes affecting the quality of the problem; Step 4: for the main causes, to take measures to solve the problem;
Step 5: implementation, according to the measures of the program Step 5: implementation, according to the requirements of the measures plan to do; Step 6: check, the implementation of the results of the comparison with the target; Step 7: standardization, summing up the experience, the development of standards; Step 8: the unresolved or emerging issues into the next PDCA cycle to solve.