Disposal of Organic Laboratory Waste Liquids
Cautions
1). Recover the solvent as much as possible and use it over and over again when it does not hinder the experiment
2). For ease of handling, its collection classification is often divided into: a) flammable substances b) refractory substances c) aqueous waste liquids d) solids etc.
3). Substances soluble in water are easily lost as aqueous solutions. Therefore, care should be taken when recycling. However, solvents such as methanol, ethanol and acetic acid can be easily decomposed by bacterial action. Therefore, the dilute solution of such solvents by, with a large amount of water dilution, can be discharged.
4). Containing heavy metals and other waste liquids, its organic matter decomposition, as inorganic waste liquids for treatment.
Treatment methods:
1). Incineration method
①Waste liquid of combustible substances, placed in a combustion furnace. If the quantity is very small, it can be put into an iron or porcelain container and choose a safe place outdoors to burn it. When lighting the fire, take a long stick and tie an oil-soaked rag on one end, or use a piece of wood, etc., and stand in the upwind direction to light the fire. And, it must be monitored until it burns out.
② difficult to burn the material, it can be mixed with combustible substances to burn, or spray it into the incinerator equipped with a combustion booster to burn. PCBs and other difficult to burn substances, often discharged a portion of the material has not been burned, be careful. Water-containing high-concentration organic waste liquids, this method can also be incinerated.
3 to NO2 SO2 or HCl due to combustion and the generation of harmful gases such as waste liquids, must be equipped with a scrubber incinerator combustion. In this case, the combustion waste gas must be washed with alkali to remove the harmful gases.
4 solid substances can also be dissolved in a flammable solvent and then burned.
2). Solvent extraction method
①Water-containing low concentration of waste liquids, with the water does not mix with volatile solvents such as hexane extraction, separation of the solvent layer, it is incinerated. Then the solvent in the water layer is blown out by blowing in air.
② The formation of emulsions and other waste liquids, can not be treated with this method, to be treated with incineration.
3). Adsorption method
With activated carbon diatomite alumina layer sheet fabric polypropylene polyester sheet urethane foam straw shavings and sawdust and other substances that can be a good adsorption of solvents to make it fully adsorbed and adsorbent
incineration
4). Oxidative decomposition method (with reference to the treatment of heavy metal-containing organic waste liquids)
In the water-containing low concentration of organic waste liquids, it is easy to oxidize the decomposition of the waste liquids, with H2O2 KMnO4 NaOCl H2SO4 + HNO3 HNO3 + HClO4 H2SO4 + HClO4 and the waste of chromic acid mixture and other substances, the oxidative decomposition of the waste liquids. Then, it is treated according to the above treatment method of inorganic experimental waste liquid.
5). Hydrolysis method
Organic or inorganic acid esters, as well as a portion of organophosphorus compounds and other substances susceptible to hydrolysis, can be added to the sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, hydrolysis at room temperature or under heating. After hydrolysis, if the waste liquid is non-toxic, it can be discharged after neutralization and dilution. If it contains hazardous substances, adsorption and other appropriate methods to deal with.
6). Biochemical treatment method
The activated sludge is used and air is blown in for treatment. For example, dilute solutions containing ethanol, acetic acid, animal and vegetable fats and oils, proteins, starch, etc. can be treated by this method.
Waste liquid containing general organic solvents
General organic solvents are alcohols, esters, organic acids, ketones, and ethers, etc., which are composed of C, H, and O elements.
The flammable substances in the waste liquid of such substances are treated by incineration. For substances that are difficult to burn and low concentrations of flammable substances, solvent extraction, adsorption and oxidative decomposition are used. Furthermore, when the waste liquid contains heavy metals, the incineration residue should be kept. However, for the substances that are easily decomposed by organisms (i.e., substances that are easily decomposed through the action of microorganisms), their dilute solutions can be discharged after being diluted with water.
Waste liquids containing petroleum animal and vegetable oils and fats
Such waste liquids include: benzene, hashish, xylene, toluene, kerosene, light oil, heavy oil, lubricating oils, cutting oils, machine oils, animal and vegetable oils and fats, and liquid and solid fatty acids and other substances in the waste liquid.
For its combustible substances, the incineration method. For its difficult to burn substances and low concentration of waste liquid, the solvent extraction method or adsorption method. Waste liquids containing motor oil and so on, containing heavy metals, to keep the incineration residue.
Source: VOLAB China www.volab.com.cn