Introduction: Digestive system diseases include organic and functional diseases of the esophagus, stomach, intestines and organs such as liver, biliary and pancreatic, etc. They are very common in clinical practice, accounting for about 40-50% of internal medicine outpatients. The lesions can be limited to the digestive system or involve the whole body or other systems. Let's all take a look at the related exam practice questions.
I. A1-type questions
1. Pediatric physiological gastroesophageal reflux symptoms disappeared at
A 3 to 4 months
B 5 to 6 months
C 7 to 8 months
D 8 to 10 months
E 10 to 12 months
E 10 to 12 months
2.
2. The emptying time of cow's milk in an infant's stomach is
A 1 to 2 hours
B 2 to 3 hours
C 3 to 4 hours
D 4 to 5 hours
E 5 to 6 hours
3. Exclusively breastfed babies have an absolute preponderance of intestinal flora of
A E. coli
B. bifidum
C Enterococcus
D Acidophilus
E Campylobacter jejuni
4. The most common intestinal infections in infants and young children with fall diarrhea are
A Bacteria
B Viruses
C Fungi
D Parasites
E None of the above
5. > 5. Rotaviruses are most likely to invade
A the stomach
B the proximal small intestine
C the ileum
D the colon
E the rectum
6. The main difference between a mild and a severe form of infantile diarrhea is
A a fever and vomiting
B stools more than 10 times a day
C stools containing mucus<
D Water and electrolyte disorders
E Large fat droplets on stool microscopy
7. Which of the following treatments for diarrhea is incorrect
A Adjustment of the diet
B Strengthening of nursing care to prevent and treat complications
C Use of antidiarrheal agents at the earliest possible time
D Control of infections in and out of the intestinal tract
E Correction of water, Electrolyte disorders
8. The World Health Organization recommends oral rehydration tensions of
A 1/5 tsp
B 1/4 tsp
C 1/3 tsp
D 1/2 tsp
E 2/3 tsp
9. Sudden onset of convulsions during rehydration of fluids for the correction of dehydration and acidosis should be considered in the first instance
A Hypoglycemia
B Hypokalemia
C Hyponatremia
D Hypocalcium
E Hypomagnesium
10. The following `bacteria do not produce enterotoxins
A Staphylococcus aureus
B Campylobacter jejuni
C Vibrio cholerae
D Adhesive-aggregating Escherichia coli <
E Toxigenic Escherichia coli
II. Type A2 questions
11. Which of the following is incorrect about the characteristics of the pediatric stomach
A The stomach of infants is in a horizontal position
B The gastric mucosa is richly vascularized
C Gastric secretion of hydrochloric acid and enzymes is less frequent than in adults
D The stomach has well-developed smooth muscle, which makes it easy to vomit
E Premature infants are prone to gastric retention. Gastric retention is easy to occur
12. Child, 6 months, fever, vomiting, diarrhea for 2 days, loose watery stools, 8-9 times/day, physical examination: temperature 38 ℃, mild dehydration appearance, pharyngeal congestion, heart and lungs are not abnormal, intestinal tinnitus is hyperactive, stool examination of the fat globules + +, the most likely diagnosis is
A Physiological diarrhea
B Upper respiratory tract infection
< p> C Viral enteritisD Campylobacter jejuni enteritis
E Invasive Escherichia coli enteritis
13. A child, male, 8 months old, suffered from bronchopneumonia, after antibiotic treatment, the body temperature was normalized, and for 2 days, the body temperature rose again, and he passed dark green watery stools 3-4 times/day, with a large number of leukocytes and pus spheres on microscopy, and a positive staining of gram staining for coccobacilli. The most likely diagnosis in this case is
A Staphylococcus aureus enteritis
B Viral enteritis
C Mycobacterial enteritis
D Bacterial dysentery
E Campylobacter jejuni enteritis
14. A 7-month-old child with diarrhea for 1 week, scanty urination, inconspicuous thirst, 8% weight loss, depression, poor skin elasticity. The diagnosis may be
A mild hypotonic dehydration
B moderate hypotonic dehydration
C moderate isotonic dehydration,
D severe hypotonic dehydration
E severe isotonic dehydration
15. mucus, is fat, has eczema-like lesions on the top of the head, and is of normal length and weight. The most likely diagnosis is
A physiologic diarrhea
B viral enteritis
C pathogenic Escherichia coli
D Staphylococcus aureus enteritis
E Campylobacter jejuni enteritis
16. The patient is a female, 2 months old, mixed feeder, with diarrhea for 1 month, 5-6 stools/day, no pus or blood, good appetite, and eczema. eczema, weight 5 kg. The most likely diagnosis is
A physiologic diarrhea
B dietary diarrhea
C infectious diarrhea
D prolonged diarrhea
E chronic diarrhea
17. The child weighs 6 kg and is moderately dehydrated. 720～900ml
C 800～1000ml
D 1100～1200ml
E 1000～1100ml
18. The child is 2 months old and has had diarrhea for 5 days, more than 10 times a day, with an egg-like consistency, vomiting, and urination, with depression, pallor, and deep breathing. There are 2 to 3 leukocytes. Diarrhea with
A Acidosis
B Hypokalemia
C Shock
D Hyponatremia
E Food poisoning
19. The child is a male, 5 months old, with diarrhea of 4 days duration, with dilute, watery stools, 4-6 times/day, medium volume, slightly low urine output, and a slightly sunken fontanel and eye sockets. Which of the following treatments is not appropriate
A Intensive nursing care
B Breastfeeding, suspension of complementary foods
C Administration of tannin
D Oral rehydration salts
E Vitamin supplementation
20. mmol/L, chloride 98 mmol/L, CO2CP 14 mmol/L, rehydration on the first day should be
A 100ml/(kg.d) 1: 1 fluid, no potassium supplementation
B 120ml/(kg.d) 1: 1 fluid, no potassium supplementation
C 150ml/(kg.d) 4: 3: 2 fluid, potassium supplementation on sight of urine
D 150 ml/(kg.d)2:3: 1 fluid, see urine for potassium supplementation
E 400 ml/(kg.d)4:3: 2 fluid, see urine for potassium supplementation
[REFERENCE ANSWER]
1. >
11.D 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.A 16.A 17.B 18.A 19.C 20.C