The penetration of X-rays into the human body will produce certain biological effects. If the amount of X-ray exposure is too much, exceeding the permissible exposure, a radiation reaction may occur, and even produce a certain degree of radiation damage. However, if the X-ray exposure is within the permissible range, the effects are generally minimal. People do not have to refuse necessary X-rays and CTs because of radiation, and they do not even have to be afraid to enter the radiology areas of hospitals for this reason.
Technology: shielding and distance protection principles can be adopted. Shielding protection refers to the use of higher atomic number of substances, commonly used lead or lead-containing substances, as a barrier to absorb unwanted x-rays. Distance protection refers to the use of x-ray exposure and distance squared inversely proportional to the principle of increasing the distance between the x-ray source and the human body to reduce exposure.
From the x-ray tube to reach the human body x-ray, there are primary rays and secondary rays of two types, secondary rays is the primary ray irradiation to penetrate the process of other substances occurring in the course of its energy is smaller than the primary rays, they will have a greater impact. Usually use x-ray tube casing, shading cylinder and aperture, filter plate, fluorescent screen after lead glass, lead screen, lead rubber apron, lead gloves, and walls, etc., for shielding and protection. Increasing the distance between the body and the x-ray source for distance protection is easy protection.
Patient side: there is no special need to accompany the patient, family members do not have to go along with to do the examination, so that the radiation is completely unnecessary. Medical personnel can not because the patient and the examinee is only to the hospital to check once and ignore their protection; the examinee should also have self-protection awareness, reject unreasonable medical exposure. In order to avoid unnecessary x-ray exposure and exposure exceeding the permissible amount, appropriate x-ray examination methods should be selected and correct examination procedures should be designed. The number of exposures for each x-ray examination should not be too high, nor should it be repeated several times within a short period of time (this is especially important for tomography and contrast examinations). When casting photos, attention should be paid to the accuracy of the location, scope and exposure conditions. Parts that do not need to be examined should be covered with protective gear (lead aprons, lead bibs, lead hats, lead eyes, lead gloves, dental skirts, etc.).
Radiation workers: the necessary protective measures should be formulated in compliance with the provisions of the national health standards on radiation care, the operation of x-ray examination should be carried out correctly, the health care regulations should be implemented carefully, and the dose received by the radiation workers should be monitored on a regular basis. When working in the X-ray environment to wear a lead apron, lead bib, lead cap, lead glasses, lead gloves, lead masks and gonadal protection, and the use of distance protection principles, strengthen self-protection.