Tang Dynasty, local medical and medical education is not separate, the state government medical doctor, teaching assistant, students, students in the following doctor, teaching assistant learning at the same time, but also a wide range of internships, each in the local community tour of the medical treatment. The assistant professors were the same as the doctors, and they were responsible for the medical treatment in the state capitals. Tang Dynasty local medicine has specialized textbooks, medical scriptures, medical theory, prescription drugs, acupuncture, pulse secret, etc.
Collecting and storing medicines are also the duties of state medicine. The prefectures of the states by the Gongcao, the Secretary for the success of the army is responsible for the collection of medicines, pharmaceuticals, where the states every year, the drugs available in the land, at any time to collect, in order to give people's illnesses. Gongcao collects medicine for two purposes: one is for tribute, and the other is for the state's own use. In addition to the collection of medicines, a large number of medicines for the treatment of typhoid fever and infectious diseases were made together and given to the people according to their needs. In addition to the collection and manufacture, the state capital drugs were purchased by the market. Turpan unearthed documents, book 10, Tang Jiang Xuanqi, etc. to receive money to practice copy records Tang government with 235 large practice 2 zhang 4 feet from the pedestrian Jiang Xuanqi to buy drugs, this part of the miscellaneous drugs may be the West State reserves of infectious diseases of the medicine
2. Central medical assistance to the local Tang central government often sent medical personnel to the local emergency period of free medical care. In the 10th year of the Zhenguan period, the government ordered doctors to send medicines to treat diseases in Guannei and Hedong. Old Tang Book Volume 191 Fang Shu - Xu Yinzong biography: when Guanzhong more bone vapor disease, get it will die, and the progressive dye, the doctors can not cure, Yinzong every treatment, no healing
The emperor also often put the prescription in the form of an imperial decree issued by the people, such as the beginning of the Yuan years, under the imperial decree: I ha compiled by the wide range of prescription to save the people from disease. Issued for a long time, the count has been practicing more. I am afraid that the single poor family, can not copy, within the coccyx, or do not know. If the medical treatment is not timely, it will lead to death, and I would rather forget my compassion when it comes to my life. It is advisable to order county and county governors to make a record of the most important of the Guangjifang in the large edition, and to display it on the list of important roads in villages and neighborhoods. Still appointing the interviewer to take care of the situation, so that no mistakes will be made. Tang De Zong Zhen Yuan 12 years on February 13, on the personally made Zhen Yuan Guang Li Fang five volumes, issued in the state capital. The emperor took the dissemination of medical knowledge as a top priority, and personally ordered county governors and interviewers to supervise this matter. The emperor knew the people's suffering, valuing people's livelihood, can be seen here
3. Charitable medical institutions in the Tang Dynasty, there are also welfare hospitals in the local Plague Man Square and the sad field to raise the sick Square. Tropical Man Square for special isolation of leprosy patients in the hospital, set up by the temple, continue the biography of the monks volume 25 records, the Tang Zhi Yan in the 17th year of Zhen Guan, to the stone town of the Tropical Man Square to live, for the sayings, sucking thick wash, do everything. It is clear that patients can be cared for and treated in Tropical Man Square
The establishment of Sadian Nourishing Disease Square is also related to Buddhism, Sadian Square was originally set up by the temple, and since Chang'an in the Wu Zhou Dynasty, an envoy was appointed to specialize in this matter. In the 22nd year of the Kaiyuan era, the capital was cut off from the beggars, and the government gave them the profit of the capital. The hospital became a government-run hospital. Although the state set up the capital for the sick workshop to operate, but the sick workshop is still by the monks and nuns in charge. After the destruction of Buddha by Emperor Mu Zong of Tang Dynasty in the fifth year of Huichang, the monks and nuns were made to return to secularism, and there was no one in charge of the hospital, so Li Deyu suggested that the two capitals should give the temple fields in quantity to save money, and all the prefectures and states should be given from seven hectares to ten hectares of fields. Each of them set up a senior citizen to work for them to fill up the porridge. Give a certain amount of land to the sick workshop, in order to fill the porridge food, and for its set up this collection of profit, the selection of senior life is responsible for
Sad field to raise the sick workshop originally belonged to the Buddhist monks and nuns presided over by the charitable institutions, attached to hospitals, adoption agencies and relief and other departments, the organization is very large, set up in various counties and counties. The purpose of its establishment was to serve the public with compassion for the poor and the sick. Wu Zong time once abolished Buddhism, make monks and nuns to return to secularism, at that time the sad field to raise the sick Fang choose to senior as the head, renamed said to raise the sick Fang. When Emperor Wenzong ascended to the throne, he reverted to Buddhism, and since then, it was still headed by a Taoist monk or nun. Its source of funding, the government funding is the main, including the government to the principal collection of profits to the, and allocated to the temple field, the two capitals of the sad field of the sick workshop is given to the field of ten hectares, the state is seven hectares. The next is private donations, as well as silk and rice given by the prefectures and counties. Xiantong eight years, Yi Zong recovery, and give a lot. Tang big edict collection volume 10: its sick workshop according to the Yuan number, each has the principal and interest money, entrusted where the assassin, record counsellor, county magistrate survey, and send a monk with Taoist practice special hooks, three years a replacement. In case of wind and blood, the sick can not seek beggars, that is to take this workshop profit money city rice for porridge, are given to the hungry, such as disease can be saved, that is, with the city medicine treatment, the use of silk and rice, and the Ministry of the Household Province of the money to fill the rapid report, waiting to know the number of fixed, that is, with the feudal towns into congratulations on healing the goods, the support back to the Department. This edict to, Yang where the state and county record edicts, the list in the state and county door, and neighborhoods and villages and important roads. The silk and rice given by the state and county to the pension, fearing that the lower officials of the hidden deception, still commissioned the assassins, county magistrates to try to promulgate, shall not be unfavorable to their own location.
It can be seen that the sad field of the Tang Dynasty, a very large charitable institutions, set up in various states and counties across the country, and is responsible for providing medical care and compassionate care for the poor, and today's charitable institutions, is still not inferior
The situation of the Tang Dynasty, Dunhuang County, the sick workshop in the Dunhuang documents have been documented. The first is that the first time a person is in a position to make a decision, he or she will be able to make a decision on the matter. Cited as follows: the sick workshop contract before the month of the day to see in this profit money total one hundred and thirty-five thousand seven hundred and twenty-two thousand one hundred Guan text three hundred and thirty thousand seven hundred and twenty-two thousand profit contract before the month of the day to see in the miscellaneous medicine total nine hundred and fifty pounds of two hundred and twenty contracts before the month of the day to see in the goods total ninety-five thousand four matters of the bells of three mouths of one to receive two buckets to receive one bucket to receive a bucket to receive a kettle one mouth to receive five buckets of mortal pots of two mortal pots of three locks of four sets of knives a stiletto a spade a mud diffuser a four-foot beds of two eight foot beds of two food cupboards of a medicine cabinet of medicine a medicine Mortar and pestle, a medicine mortar, a couch sheet, a step mill, a food sheet, a griddle, a eucalyptus board, a hand Luo, a swab towel, two white felt, five collars, five collars, scarlet quilt, three plates, a cauldron, a urn size, five bowls, picking up a key, each picking up the mouth of the wooden basin, a food together with a pick up a contract before the month of the day to see in the rice, the total number of one stone, land buckets, 8 Hop according to the paperwork that: the sick workshop has a principal and profit of money 130.072 slams, of which one hundred slams of the principal, 30.072 slams of the profit, with a miscellaneous drug 950 catties of 20 pills, 94 things. Pieces, including pots, pans, irrigation, locks, cutlery, catties, felt, mats, etc., rice 1 Shuo 6 buckets of 8, can be used for the sick and homeless people to rest and recuperate
Bur 2626 listed in the instrument of the sick workshop four-foot beds, eight-foot beds when set up for people of different ages, four-foot beds for infants and young children, eight-foot beds when the middle-aged, young people or old people use. It can be seen that the Tang Dynasty state and county sick workshop to accept the object of the poor and sick people of different ages
The Tang Dynasty Dunhuang County sick workshop's economic sources are roughly two. One is the sick workshop as Dunhuang county government office yamen, when by the government supply tie up food and sundry things, such as the new Tang dynasty book volume 49 on the hundred officials four - on the record has: left and right Jingwuwei: the palace in charge of the capital city patrol police. The beacons and beacons, the road, the water and the grass are suitable for the big work, then they follow with the imperial envoy. Where the screen, the old felt, to the sick workshop. Second, the sick workshop with official money lending profits, which is the Tang Dynasty Dunhuang County, an important economic source of the sick workshop. Bur 2626 documents contained in the total assets of the sick workshop for 130 Guan 72 money, of which 130 Guan of the capital, interest for 72, is also illustrated by the sick workshop is indeed money lending interest to self-sustainability
Tang Dynasty Dunhuang County sick workshop with the same as the medical, are the official department of the Department of the Ministry of the sick workshop to save the sick, need to be equipped with medical personnel, and Dunhuang just happen to have a specialized school of medical personnel, which can be inferred that The Tang Dynasty Dunhuang County sick when there are a number of doctors from the Dunhuang Medical School. Dunhuang documents in the medical prescription scrolls, known to date, there are about 30 kinds of its content involves internal, external, women, children, five senses and other subjects such as the treatment of disease. Some of these prescriptions are related to the sick workshop
The Tang dynasty in the central region of the Buddhist temple, when there are many sick workshop. Taiping Guangji Volume 95 Hong Zen Shi cited the Chronicle contains: Shaanxi State Hong to preach the sutra as a matter of fact, often hundreds of disciples. In the city of Shaanxi, choose the open space to build Longguang Temple, and build a sick workshop, often hundreds of sick people. The temple is very beautiful, near and far Taoists and laymen, such as the return of the clouds. The solid please master preaching listening to, said: this is not labor, but the sick workshop, hundreds of sick people, to be for the life, often begging to give. Today, if you stay in the lecture, the earth moving about the years, I am afraid that the patients die of discouragement
Confirms the existence of Buddhist sick workshop in the region of Zhongzhou. And the number of people in the sick workshop hundreds of people, its economic resources rely on the monastery, by the Zen master to preside over the daily affairs
Monks are often proficient in the medical path, the Tuan Leun Venerable Master is a physician, the Great Tang Western region to seek the law on the biography of the monks: Tuan Leun Venerable Master, the Luoyang people also. Good spells, learning the mystery. Explore the law code, play medicine. He was good at facial features, and was very detailed. He has been a great scholar, and he has been a great scholar, and he has been a great scholar, and he has been a great scholar, and he has been a great scholar. There is a stone material records the deeds of the Buddhist monk doctor, is the Tang late great virtue Sigu Zen Shi epitaph: Shi taboo □□, the word Sigu, □ Zhu surnamed Song, Luoyang people also. At the age of 18, he left his home and was sent to Xihua Zen Center by Master Miaoxu. At the age of ten or fifteen, Mr. Ning Yigong, the master's ancestor, resumed his residence at the Ch'ien Hsiang Orchid. Mr. Ning Yigong was good at reciting Confucian books, strict in calligraphy and especially good at healing people. After he passed away, the master wrote about his good deeds in Yixian in order to honor his virtue. He was also a filial son. When he first entered the temple, the Buddhist temple was exposed and the meditation room was falling down. The teacher was determined to repair, poor and without funds, so he followed his own destiny, and after much hardship, he raised funds and restored the temple. He built three pillars of the Bell and Drum Hall and more than ten pillars of the House of the Lord. The front and back of the Buddha's temple, gold and blue new, all the teacher's efforts. I have taught my students that they should seek to come up after entering the empty door. As the Vajra Sutra says: All existing dharmas are like dreams and bubbles, like dew and electricity, and should be viewed as such. If you can realize from this, why not get rid of the dust tired. The teacher held the sutra all the time to nourish his character, and he also specialized in singing, painting and calligraphy, and was proficient in medical treatment, so his reputation was so great that all the scholars at that time looked up to him. For example, the pillar couplet of the master of the Lin Master Zhonggong □□ Master reads: "The heart of a living man who picks medicine is Buddha, and the brush of a posting on a flower is like a god". Mr. Mengshao Li presented the master with the words: "I am known as a master of the country of Brahmin". Chunfu Ma Mingfu presented to the teacher of the hall forehead to Chandan Orange Mau. She Xiangju Shi to the pharmacist, all the gentry and the people of the county to the division barrier. The virtues of the master were planted there. If he was not a man of virtue, how could he be so highly regarded? The so-called not to seek fame, but the name from the return of the teacher has it. The division in the high Zong Xin Chou year July 24th 11th hour was born, to the present Zong two years March 22nd c time into the death, life expectancy of seventy-two years. Now I want to bury in the east of Fuxian Temple, a district to build a tower. The inscription says: Weishi Lingxiu, Wisdom Abundant Yuan. Vajra Prajna, tacit understanding of the long-standing relationship. Cixin Miaojutsu, universal help people and heaven. Maine water to see the shadow, the former sage. He has been frugal and diligent for more than sixty years. The Zen forest has been restored and rejuvenated. The three minds have been realized, and the four phases have been eliminated. The moon is always full. I am pleased to share this stone with you and pass it down through the ages
□Lian□RenFaYuDiYinWenTengShuSongShanTainingShaMenDeYuZhuanGaiDaTangThirdYearAge in the year of the first month of the 30th year of the year of kuichou on the 30th day of the month of the ticks of HaiYan, HaiLun, HaiZhu, the disciples of grandsons□Quan, □Ming, ZhanZhuanTuGreat-grandsonsSilent□, silent light, silent□ZhuanZhuanShuZhuanZhuanShuZhong4.Civilian doctors In addition to the official doctor, there are also many private doctors in local areas. In the Tang Dynasty, poor people in the countryside could study medicine and practiced it in their villages. The old Tang book - filial piety friend biography: Yuzhou people Xu Tan, more than ten years old, his father went into the mountains to collect medicine, for the fierce beasts, that is, screaming with a staff to hit, the beasts then ran away, the father to get full. Old Tang Book - Fang Shu Biography: Zhen Quan, Xuzhou Fugou people also. Tried to his mother's illness, and his younger brother Liyin specialized in medical prescription, and won the interest of the purpose. Zhen Guan eleven years, the right year one hundred and thirty-three years old, Taizong was fortunate to see his home to see its diet, visit its medicinal properties, because of the award of the Chaozan doctor, given a few canes of clothing. He wrote one volume each of pulse scripture, needle prescription and Mingtang human figure chart. His brother Liyan also became a famous doctor in the Tang Dynasty
Tang central and local medical institutions, medical personnel are often recruited from the people with excellent medical skills, Tang Dezong Zhenyuan 12 years on March 15, Royal Decree: 'Zhenguan early, the states set up a doctor of medicine, Kaiyuan and set up assistant professor, a brief test of the medical profession, affirmation of the law of the patrol therapy. Since then, there is a division to make up for the proposed, although the staff, the arts are not specialized, less can be used, Maine Si pastor, is really a worry, entrusted to choose, when I am aware of my intention. From now on, the states should be short of doctors, it is appropriate to make the chief historian of each visit to select the test, take the art of excellence and long enough to be effective, with the name, has been born into the style, the Ministry of mandarins do not need to select the collection'. In the Tang Dynasty, many famous doctors came from the people. The above mentioned Zhen Quan, Zhen Liyan brothers are from the folk doctor into the career. Deng Siqi is also the Tang Dynasty folk doctor, Tang Hui Yao Volume 82: Zhenyuan two years in September, mountain Deng Siqi offer Wei Ling Xian grass, out of Shangzhou, can cure many diseases. On the forbidden trial effective, so that the compilation of the attached materia medica, awarded Siqi too doctor. Old Tang Dynasty Book Volume 191 Fang Shu - Zhang Wenzhong biography: Zhang Wenzhong, Luoyang, Luoyang, also. Young and countryman Li Zizhong, Jingzhao Wei Cizang and well-known for their medical skills. In the early days of Zetian Dynasty, Zhang Wenzhong was an imperial physician. The famous Tang dynasty medical practitioner Sun Simiao was originally a Taoist priest, but also a famous folk doctor, the old Tang dynasty book - Fang Shibi biography and the Tang dynasty will want to - medical skills of Sun Simiao's superb medical skills have a large account of the Xianqing four years, the court awarded Sun Simiao Chenwuliang, straight Shang Medicine Bureau
Folk doctors can also be through the medical exams, the Tang dynasty will want to Volume 82 of the medical skills contained in the Qianyuanyuan February 5 system: since this time, the medical skills of those who enter the service, the same as the Ming dynasty, the medical skills of those who enter the service, the same as the Ming dynasty, the medical skills of those who enter the service. The person who entered the civil service, with the Ming Jing regulations. To three years on the 10th day of the first month, the right jinwu long history Wang Shu preaching: medical please with the Ming method of selecting people, from now on, each test of the medical scripture and art of the curricula of the ten ways: the herb two ways, the pulse of the scriptures of the two ways, Suwen ten ways, Zhang Zhongjing typhoid fever theory of the one way, all the miscellaneous scriptures of the square meaning of the two ways. Through seven or more stay, the following release. And also Shangshi food medicine collection bureau please with the Dinning Bureau, the Department of Imperial Medicine please with the Dale Department. Medicine has become another way to enter the civil service in addition to the Mingjing, Jinshi, Mingfa, and Mingcheng, which promoted the popularization and development of medicine and medical education in the civil society in Tang Dynasty
While the Tang government was committed to the construction of local health care services, due to the limitations of the historical conditions, it was also difficult to cure the diseases of the rural people in Tang Dynasty, and the people often resorted to the deities to avoid diseases with the help of blessings or prayers. However, the construction of rural health care also played a positive role in the social assistance of the people, which is worth recognizing.