This issue of Zhengheng Supervision starts from an overview of construction project safety supervision, discusses its internal control and safety control management, and proposes several measures to improve the supervision level.
1. Prepare a targeted supervision plan and safety supervision rules. The supervision plan prepared should include safety supervision content, clarify the scope, content, work procedures and institutional measures of safety supervision, as well as staffing plans and responsibilities. wait. For medium-sized and above projects and sub-projects with greater risks stipulated in Article 26 of the Regulations, special supervision implementation details should also be prepared. The implementation details specify the methods, measures and control points of safety supervision, as well as the inspection plan for the safety technical measures of the construction unit. 2. Review the safety technical measures or special construction plans in the construction organization design. During the construction preparation stage, the supervision agency reviews and verifies the relevant technical documents and materials submitted by the construction unit, and the project director signs his opinions on the relevant technical document review form; review If it fails, safety technical measures and special construction plans shall not be implemented. 1. When reviewing the safety technical measures in the construction organization design, the supervision engineer should review the following main contents: (1) Review the safety organization structure of the construction unit and the safety management network of the construction site. The supervisor should strictly incorporate the management of the construction enterprise's production safety license and the "three categories of personnel" (enterprise leader, project leader, and full-time safety management personnel) into the entire process of construction project management, review whether it is consistent with the contract documents, and implement Dynamic management. Whole process monitoring. (2) Review the safety production management system and safe and civilized construction management system that the construction unit should have. Review whether the general layout of the construction meets the requirements for safe production, and whether the temporary facilities such as offices, dormitories, canteens, and roads, as well as temporary electricity, water supply, drainage, and fire-fighting facilities meet the requirements of mandatory standards. (3) Review the safety supervision methods used in the construction of this project. Safety supervision and management methods, such as mutual safety supervision and inspection between teams, safety inspection methods that combine special inspections and self-inspections, and regular and irregular safety inspections. Methods and means include taking turns on safety duty on site, signing safety responsibility letters, hanging various safety propaganda slogans and warning signs on site, and providing safety education and training. (4) Review the safety qualifications of the construction unit and the operation certificates of special operations personnel. Review the timeliness of the operation certificate and the consistency of the witness. (5) Review the construction unit’s emergency rescue plan and safety and civilization measures expense plan. Emergency rescue plans should take corresponding rescue measures according to various rescue types, and independent emergency rescue plans should be prepared for sub-projects with greater risks. The plan should include the organization of the rescue, the provision of rescue equipment and materials, the contact numbers of the public security, fire protection, hospitals, and administrative departments, the location of the hospital, and the route map, etc. 2. The contents of the review of special construction plans and main technical measures for general engineering projects include: (1) Review of foundation pit support and excavation plans. During the review of earthwork construction plans, appropriate excavation methods should be selected based on the depth and soil type of foundation pits, foundation trenches, underground chokes, etc., and safe slopes or solid wall supports should be set up. For deeper foundation pits, Special support design and expert demonstration must be carried out. There should be relevant safety technical measures in the plan. (2) Review the formwork project construction plan. The formwork and its supports should be designed according to the structural form, load size, foundation soil type, construction equipment and material supply, etc. The formwork and its supports should have sufficient load-bearing capacity, stiffness and stability, and can reliably withstand the weight of poured concrete and construction loads. The design of the formwork and its supports must have safety calculations and detailed structural layout drawings. The formwork materials, Specifications, dimensions, spacing, connection methods and scissor brace settings should be described in detail, and specific safety measures should be taken for formwork removal. (3) Review the scaffolding erection and disassembly plan. The scaffolding plan should be compiled according to the characteristics of the project and should be targeted. The general erection height of floor-standing steel pipe scaffolding is less than 50 meters. The plan should also draw erection drawings to explain the basic methods. The vertical and horizontal spacing between vertical poles and large horizontal poles, the distance between small horizontal poles and the wall, and the installation method of wall connecting parts and scissor braces. When it exceeds 50 meters, there should be a design calculation sheet and unloading method. The erection method must comply with the mandatory safety provisions. (4) Review the installation, use, maintenance and disassembly plans of vertical transportation equipment such as tower cranes and construction elevators. Check whether it has passed safety qualification certification and obtained a safe use certificate. The tower crane foundation must undergo safety verification. The installation and disassembly construction procedures, safety technical measures, precautions, and special precautions should be described in detail.
After installation, it should be inspected and accepted by the competent department and the corresponding safe use certificate should be issued. It can only be used after the supervisor has verified the acceptance records, maintenance records, jacking records, relevant contracts, etc. submitted by the construction unit, and has been signed and filed by the safety supervisor. (5) Review safety precautions for high-altitude (high-altitude) operations. High-altitude operations mainly refer to the protection of the "openings" and "five edges" of the construction site, as well as the safety precautions taken for independent suspended operations. (6) Review the electricity usage plan and safety measures at the construction site. ①The preparation, technical review and approval procedures of the plan should meet the requirements. The professional requirements for relevant personnel are electrical installation majors to implement the responsibility system for safe electricity use. ② There should be a summary table of temporary electric construction machinery in the plan, and all electrical equipment listed in the construction organization design must be included in it, so that the maximum power consumption can be correctly calculated, and based on this, the conductor cross-section and isolation of all levels of power distribution can be determined. Models of switches and leakage protector fuses. It includes a summary of the electricity consumption of each main circuit in order to correctly calculate the electricity consumption of the line, that is, line load calculation, to select the corresponding switch, leakage protector, conductor cross-section and fuse model. Review the technical measures for safe use of electricity, such as the strict implementation of "one machine, one gate, and one leakage protection"; safe voltage must be used for power supplies in humid and easily accessible live working places. After the supervision has passed the review, if any problems are found, they must communicate with the construction unit in a timely manner. If there is anything that needs to be supplemented, improved, or modified, measures such as issuing a notice from the supervision engineer in a timely manner should be used to urge the modification, supplement, or improvement. Formal communication between the supervisor and the contractor must be in writing. This is not only a need for completion acceptance and file management, but also a daily record of the supervision work, and a need for the supervisor's self-protection. The supervisor's review of plans and safety technical measures should not be a mere formality. They should pay attention to the scientificity and rationality of the plans and measures, and more importantly, the feasibility, and ask questions based on the characteristics of the project. 3. Inspecting the implementation of safety technical measures During the construction stage, the main work content of safety supervision is to use effective means to supervise the construction unit to organize construction according to the safety technical measures and special construction plans in the construction organization design, and to promptly stop illegal construction operations. 1. Supervise the safety management functional departments of the contracting units to effectively perform their respective safety management responsibilities, conduct spot checks on the self-inspections of the construction units, and participate in special production safety inspections organized by the construction units. 2. In accordance with the reviewed and approved plan, special inspections of construction hoisting machinery, overall lifting scaffolding, formwork and other self-elevating erection facilities and safety facilities at the construction site shall be carried out regularly and irregularly, and the acceptance procedures shall be checked. 3. During the on-site inspection, the supervisory personnel will check whether the actual personnel on duty have the corresponding qualifications. According to the actual situation of high personnel mobility, it is necessary for supervision to implement process dynamic control. 4. Check whether various safety signs and safety protection measures at the construction site comply with mandatory standards, and check the use of safety and civility measures. 5. Pay close attention to the implementation of basic measures for production safety, as well as the standardized management of mechanical equipment and civilized construction at the construction site. 6. Regularly inspect and inspect the operation conditions of hazardous projects during the construction process, and conduct on-site supervision of key parts of important processes. 4. Control measures to improve the level of safety supervision in power engineering construction 1. Strictly and scientifically implement safety supervision procedures In electric power projects, safety supervision work has its own specialized working mechanism, working procedures and working systems. Therefore, when conducting safety supervision, supervisors must strictly follow the supervision procedures and systems, and at the same time standardize their safety management work to ensure the scientificity and rationality of the safety supervision work. The supervision department must strengthen the daily safety supervision of power projects, and the construction units of the projects must also continuously strengthen the supervision and management of their own construction safety. Once technical personnel are found to have violated regulations, they must immediately make corrections and criticize them, and report them at the same time. Go to the safety supervision department of the project to ensure the safety of power project construction. Secondly, the safety supervision work of power projects must adhere to the principle of "prevention first" to carry out safety supervision work, and safety supervision work must be carried out in accordance with national regulations. Its supervision department needs to ensure the comprehensiveness of safety supervision work, pay attention to the timeliness of safety supervision work, and prevent violations during the construction process. Once violations are discovered, they must be dealt with seriously and investigated in accordance with relevant legal provisions. Responsibility, implement safety supervision procedures and systems, and cannot make them a mere formality.
2. Strictly clarify the responsibilities of safety supervision. Safety supervision of power projects is mainly to ensure the safety of power project production. Therefore, when conducting safety supervision, the supervision department needs to clarify its own work functions and supervision responsibilities, thereby improving the staff's Safety awareness and implementation of safety supervision throughout the entire construction process of the project. The safety supervision work of power projects needs to be carried out from the source, and the responsibilities of the front line of project construction must be emphasized and clarified. Engineering technicians, managers, foremen, and project managers not only need to carry out safety management, but also need to clarify their own management responsibilities. That is to say, the management responsibilities of personnel at all levels of the project must be clarified in the safety supervision of power projects, and the safety management of project construction must be done well. The safety supervision department must carry out safety supervision work with a highly responsible attitude, conduct regular inspections of the construction site of the project, and keep supervision records during the supervision process, so as to promptly discover potential safety hazards and risks during the construction, and Solve it based on reality. In addition, the supervision unit must also conduct timely and effective communication with the construction unit of the project regarding the hidden dangers during construction, and carry out project production and construction on the basis of ensuring the safety of the project, so as to ensure the safety and smoothness of the project construction and improve the enterprise economic and social benefits, and avoid unnecessary safety accidents. 3. Strictly strengthen safety production education and training. The safety awareness of construction technicians and managers directly determines the effectiveness of safety supervision work. Therefore, when carrying out power engineering construction, relevant units must conduct safety production training for their staff. First of all, enterprises should expand the scope of safety production training and education, expand safety production awareness training to project leadership, temporary workers, seasonal workers, and migrant workers, etc., improve the safety awareness of all personnel, and also expand the content of safety training and education. Expand to engineering safety technology, safety measures and safety management knowledge, so that staff can have a more comprehensive understanding of safe production in the project. The second is to increase the number and frequency of safety training. Safety production education and training in power engineering can be divided into weekly training and monthly training. Safety production meetings are held every week to summarize and analyze safety measures and technologies in production, and actively discuss safety issues in production, thereby improving safety. Supervision level. Safety production meetings and heart-to-heart discussions are held every month, and safety production lectures are held regularly to improve the safety awareness of staff. Under special circumstances, it is necessary to conduct safety emergency meetings and do a good job in safety training and production of the project. Finally, strict qualification assessment must be carried out for technical personnel of special types of work in power engineering to ensure their technical level and comprehensive quality. The above measures are used to ensure the smooth progress of project safety supervision work. 5. Timely supervise rectification or report to relevant departments. During the construction stage, the supervision agency should conduct inspections and inspections of the safety production conditions at the construction site, and notify the construction unit in writing of any hidden safety hazards discovered and urge them to make rectifications. If the situation is serious, the supervision agency should promptly issue a project suspension order, require the construction unit to stop work for rectification, and report to the construction unit at the same time. After the potential safety hazards are eliminated, the supervision agency should check the rectification results and sign opinions on review or resumption of work. If the construction unit refuses to make rectifications or does not stop work for rectifications, the supervision agency shall promptly report to the construction authority where the project is located or the industry authority of the project. Inspections, rectifications, reviews, reports, etc. should be recorded in the supervision log and monthly supervision report. 6. Supervision units must attach great importance to self-construction (1) Supervision agencies must establish and improve safety production management systems to ensure the implementation of safety production supervision responsibilities. The main technical investigator of the unit is fully responsible for the safety production management work. The chief project supervisory engineer is responsible for the safety supervision of the project under supervision and clarifies his/her job responsibilities according to the supervisory personnel. The safety supervisory personnel, under the leadership of the director, are responsible for the safety supervision of the construction site. Conduct daily supervision of production safety work. (2) Supervision units should strengthen the education and training of supervisory personnel on production safety knowledge and learn the laws, regulations and standards related to production safety. And should be familiar with safe operating procedures. (3) The supervision unit must communicate and arrange the work and inspection contents of production safety in a timely manner, conduct routine inspections or irregular inspections at least once a month on the progress of safety supervision work, and require the project supervision department to promptly report any problems discovered during the inspection. Implement rectifications and organize review. The contents and results of inspections and rectifications must be recorded in writing. (4) The project director shall conduct a comprehensive safety inspection of the construction site organization every week, discover and raise problems, eliminate hidden dangers, and establish a safety management evaluation system.
The supervision unit can only establish and improve the safety production management system, clarify the responsibilities of safety production supervision, and implement dynamic and full-process safety supervision on the construction site, so as to review what needs to be reviewed, check what needs to be checked, report what needs to be reported, and record what needs to be recorded. Only by keeping records can we effectively carry out safety supervision at the construction site and do a good job in self-protection at the same time.
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