(a) technical preparation
Technical preparation is the core of construction preparation. Because any technical error or hidden trouble may cause personal safety and quality accidents, resulting in huge losses of life, property and economy. Therefore, the technical preparation must be done carefully. Specifically the following:
1. Familiarize yourself with, review the construction drawings and related design information
(1) familiarize yourself with, review the basis of the construction drawings
1) construction units and design units to provide the preliminary design or expand the preliminary design (technical design), the construction drawings design, the construction of the general plan, earth vertical design and urban planning and other information and documents;
2) investigation, collection of original information;
3) design, construction acceptance specifications and relevant technical regulations.
(2) familiarize themselves with the purpose of reviewing the design drawings
1) in order to be able to successfully carry out construction in accordance with the requirements of the design drawings, the production of final construction products (buildings or structures) in line with the design requirements;
2) in order to be able to be able to start the proposed project before the engineers engaged in building construction technology and management to fully understand and master the design intent, structure, and management of the design drawings. Design drawings of the design intent, structure and construction features and technical requirements;
3) through the review of the design drawings found to exist in the problems and errors, so that it is corrected before the start of construction, for the construction of the proposed project to provide an accurate and complete design drawings.
Familiarize yourself with the contents of the review of design drawings
1) Review the location of the proposed project, the general layout of the building with the national, urban or regional planning is consistent, as well as the design of the building or structure of the function and use of the requirements of the sanitation, fire prevention and beautification of the city requirements;
2) review the design drawings are complete, complete, and design drawings and information are consistent with the state of engineering construction. Whether the information is in line with national guidelines and policies on the design and construction of engineering construction;
3) review the design drawings and specifications in the content of the consistency, as well as the design drawings and its components with or without contradictions and errors;
4) review of the general plan of the building and the other structural drawings in terms of geometric dimensions, coordinates, elevations, descriptions, etc., and the consistency of the technical requirements Whether correct;
5) review the production process and technical requirements of industrial projects, to grasp the sequence and interrelationship of supporting the commissioning, and equipment installation drawings and its matching civil construction drawings in coordinates, elevation, to grasp the quality of civil construction to meet the requirements of the equipment installation;
6) review the foundation treatment and foundation design with the proposed project location of the Engineering hydrology, geology and other conditions are consistent, as well as the relationship between the building or structure and underground buildings or structures, pipelines;
7) clarify the structural form and characteristics of the proposed project, review the main load-bearing structure of the strength, stiffness and stability of the requirements, review the design drawings of the complexity of the project, the construction difficulty and high technical requirements of the sub-projects, or the new structure, new materials, new technology, check the existing Materials, new technology, check the level of existing construction technology and management level can meet the schedule and quality requirements and take feasible technical measures to ensure;
8) clear construction period, phased production or delivery of the order and time, as well as the main materials used in the project, the number of equipment, specifications, sources and supply date; clear construction, design and construction units such as collaboration, Cooperate with the relationship between the construction, design and construction units, as well as the construction unit can provide construction conditions.
(4) familiarize themselves with the procedures for reviewing design drawings. Familiarize yourself with, review the design drawings of the program is usually divided into three stages of self-examination stage, review stage and on-site visa.
1) self-examination stage of the design drawings. Construction unit received the proposed project design drawings and related technical documents. Should be organized as soon as possible to familiarize the engineers and technicians and self-examination of drawings, written self-examination of the record of drawings. Self-examination of the record of drawings should include questions about the design drawings and design drawings of the relevant recommendations.
2) design drawings of the review stage. Generally presided over by the construction unit, the design unit and the construction unit to participate in a three-way review of design drawings. Drawings will review, first of all by the design unit of the engineering principal designer to the participants of the proposed project design basis, intent and functional requirements, and special structures, new materials, new processes and new technologies to put forward the design requirements; and then the construction unit according to self-examination of the records and understanding of the design intent, put forward the design drawings of the questions and suggestions; finally, on the basis of a unified understanding of the issues discussed one by one to make a good record, forming a "drawings". Records, the formation of "drawings review minutes", officially issued by the construction unit to participate in the unit **** with the signature, seal, as a technical document used in conjunction with the design documents and guide the construction of the basis, as well as the construction unit and the construction unit for the basis of the project settlement.
3) design drawings of the site visa stage. In the process of construction of the proposed project, if the construction conditions are found to be inconsistent with the conditions of the design drawings, or found that there are still errors in the drawings, or because the specifications of the material, the quality of the material can not meet the design requirements, or because the construction unit put forward rationalization proposals, the need for timely revision of the design drawings, it should be followed by the technical approval and design changes in the visa system for the drawings of the construction site visa. If the content of the design change has a large impact on the scale and investment of the proposed project, it should be reported to the original approval unit of the project for approval. In the construction site of the drawing modification, technical approval and design change information, there should be a formal record of the text, into the proposed project construction files, as a guide to the construction, acceptance of completion and the basis of project settlement.
2. Investigation and analysis of original data
In order to do a good job of construction preparation, in addition to mastering the written information about the proposed project, but also should be proposed to carry out on-site surveys and investigations of the project to obtain first-hand information about the data, which is necessary for the development of an advanced and reasonable, realistic construction design is very necessary, and therefore should be done in the following aspects of the survey Analysis:
(1) investigation and analysis of natural conditions. The main content of the investigation and analysis of the natural conditions of the construction area are the regional level and absolute elevation and so on; geological structure, nature and type of soil, foundation soil bearing capacity, seismic level and cracking and other conditions such as river flow and water quality, the highest flood and the water level in the dry season and so on; changes in the height of the groundwater level, the thickness of the aquifer, the flow direction, the flow and the quality of the water and so on; the air temperature, rain, snow, wind and lightning and so on. The situation; the frozen depth of the soil and the duration of the winter and rainy seasons.
(2) investigation and analysis of technical and economic conditions. The main content of the survey and analysis of the technical and economic conditions of the construction area are: the status of the local building construction enterprises 1 construction site relocation status; the status of the local materials available i state-appropriated materials supply status; local energy and transportation status; the status of the local labor force and the level of technology; the status of the local life supply, education and health care; the local firefighting, security and the power of the construction unit to participate in the situation.
3. Preparation of construction budget and construction budget
(1) Preparation of construction budget. Construction drawings budget is one of the main components of the technical preparatory work, which is determined in accordance with the construction drawings of the amount of work, the construction organization design of the proposed construction methods, construction budget quota and its fee standards, prepared by the construction unit to determine the cost of construction and installation works of economic documents, it is the construction company signed the project contract, project settlement, the construction bank allocates the price of the project, costing, and strengthen the Management and other aspects of the work of the important basis.
(2) Preparation of construction budget. Construction budget is based on the construction budget, construction drawings, construction organization design or construction program, construction quotas and other documents for preparation, it is directly controlled by the construction budget. It is the construction company's internal control of the cost of expenditure, assessment of labor, "two calculations" comparison, the issuance of construction task orders, limit materials, grass-roots economic accounting basis.
4. Preparation of construction organization design
Construction organization design is an important part of the construction preparatory work, but also to guide the construction site of all production activities of the technical and economic documents. The whole process of construction production activities is a very complex material wealth re-creation process, in order to correctly deal with people and materials, the main body and auxiliary, technology and equipment, professional and collaborative, supply and consumption, production and storage, use and maintenance, as well as their spatial arrangement, time arrangement of the relationship between, must be based on the scale of the project to be built, structural characteristics and the requirements of the construction unit in the investigation and analysis of the original information, on the basis of the preparation of a practical and effective construction organization design. On the basis of the original data investigation and analysis, to prepare a practical guide to all construction activities of the project's scientific program (construction organization design).
(B) material preparation
Materials, components (accessories), products, tools and equipment is to ensure the smooth progress of construction of the material base, the preparation of these materials must be completed before the start of the project. According to a variety of material needs plan, respectively, implement the source of goods, arrange transportation and reserves, so that it meets the requirements of continuous construction.
1. Material preparation content
Material preparation work mainly includes the preparation of building materials; components (accessories) and products processing preparation; construction and installation of equipment and production process equipment preparation.
(1) the preparation of building materials. The preparation of construction materials is mainly based on the analysis of the construction budget, in accordance with the requirements of the construction progress plan, according to the name of the material, specifications, the use of mining materials reserve quota and consumption quota summary, the preparation of the material requirements plan for the organization of the material, to determine the warehouse, the site stacking area required and the organization of the transport to provide a basis for the preparation of materials;
(2) components (accessories), the products of the preparation of the processing. According to the construction budget to provide the name, specifications, quality and consumption of components (accessories), products, to determine the processing program and supply channels, as well as into the field after the storage location and mode, to prepare a plan of its needs for the organization of transportation, determine the area of the yard, etc. to provide a basis for;
(3) the preparation of construction and installation equipment. According to the construction plan, arrange the construction progress, determine the type, quantity and time of construction machinery to determine the supply of construction machinery and equipment after the site of the storage location and mode, the preparation of construction and installation of machinery and equipment needs to plan for the organization of transportation, determine the basis of the area of the yard;
(4) the preparation of the production process equipment. In accordance with the proposed project production process and process equipment layout map a proposed process equipment name, model, production capacity and needs, to determine the phased batch into the time and storage, preparation of process equipment needs plan for the organization of transport, determine the basis for the area of the yard.
2. Material preparation program
Material preparation program is an important means of material preparation. Usually according to the following procedures:
(1) according to the construction budget, division (item) project construction method and construction progress of the arrangement, the preparation of the national allocation of materials, materials, materials, local materials, components (fittings) and products, construction machinery and technology equipment and other material requirements plan;
(2) according to the various material requirements plan, organization of the source of goods, to determine the processing, supply location and supply mode, signing a material supply contract. (2)According to the plan of the quantity of various materials, organize the source of goods, determine the processing, supply location and supply mode, and sign the contract of material supply;
(3)According to the requirements of the construction master plan, organize the materials to enter the site according to the planned time, in the designated location, and in accordance with the prescribed manner of storage or stacking.
(C) labor organization
The scope of labor organization preparation for both the entire building construction enterprise labor organization preparation, and large-scale integrated proposed construction project labor organization preparation, there are also small and simple proposed unit project labor organization preparation. Here is only a proposed project as an example, the content of its labor organization is as follows:
1. the establishment of the proposed project leadership
The establishment of construction organizations should follow the following principles: according to the scale of the proposed project, the structural characteristics and complexity of the proposed project to determine the proposed project construction of the leadership of the agency candidates and places; adhere to a reasonable division of labor and close collaboration combined; to put the proposed construction project, the construction of a large-scale, comprehensive labor organization. Combination of close collaboration; construction experience, innovative spirit, and efficiency of the people elected to the leadership organization; seriously implement the principle of setting up jobs for the job, because of the job selection.
2. Establishment of competent construction team
The establishment of the construction team to seriously consider the professional, the reasonable cooperation of the types of work, skilled workers, the proportion of general workers to meet the reasonable labor organization, in line with the requirements of the construction of the flow of construction organization to determine the establishment of the construction team (is a professional construction team, or mixed construction team, to adhere to the principle of reasonable, competent; and at the same time, to develop a plan of labor requirements for the project. Labor requirements plan.
3. assembling the construction force, the organization of labor force into the field
After the determination of the leadership of the site, according to the date of commencement of work and labor demand plan, the organization of labor force into the field. At the same time to carry out safety, fire prevention and civilized construction and other aspects of education, and to arrange the life of the workers.
4. Construction organization design, plan and technical delivery to the construction team, workers
The team and workers to explain the delivery. This is a good way to implement the plan and technical responsibility.
Construction organization design, planning and technical briefing time in the unit project or sub-projects in a timely manner before the start of the project to ensure that the project is strictly in accordance with the design drawings, construction organization design, safety regulations and construction acceptance specifications and other requirements for construction.
Construction organization design, planning and technical delivery of the contents of the project's construction schedule, monthly (ten days) operation plan; construction organization design, especially the construction process; quality standards, safety and technical measures, cost reduction measures and construction acceptance specifications requirements; new structures, new materials, new technologies and new techniques for the implementation of the program and to ensure that measures; drawings will be examined in the parts of the determination of design changes and technical approvals and other matters. Design changes and technical approval and other matters. Submission work should be carried out in accordance with the management system level by level, from top to bottom until the workers team. The way of handing over the written form, oral form and on-site demonstration form.
Teams, workers accept the construction organization design, plan and technical submission, to organize its members to carry out a careful analysis and study, to clarify the key parts, quality standards, safety measures and operational requirements. Demonstration should be carried out when necessary, and clear tasks and a good division of labor, while establishing a sound job responsibility system and guarantee measures.
5. Establishment of a sound management system
Site management system is established, sound, directly affecting the smooth progress of its construction activities. Chapter does not follow the consequences are serious, and no chapter to follow is even more dangerous. This must be established, sound site management system. Usually as follows:
Project quality inspection and acceptance system; engineering technical file management system; construction materials (components, accessories, products) inspection and acceptance system; technical responsibility system; construction drawings study and review system; technical delivery system; employee attendance, assessment system; site and group economic accounting system; materials in and out of the warehouse system; safe operation system; maintenance system for the use of machinery.
Specialized in the field of construction, the company's main business is the development of the construction industry.
(D) construction site preparation
Construction site is the construction of all participants in order to capture the quality, high speed, low consumption target, and rhythmic, balanced and continuous tactical dueling activity space. Preparation of the construction site, mainly for the construction of the proposed project to create favorable construction conditions and materials to ensure. Its specific content is as follows:
1. Do a good job of the construction site control network measurement
According to the design unit to provide the general layout of the building and the given permanent latitude and longitude coordinates of the control network and level of control base piles, the construction of the plant measurement, set up the plant's permanent latitude and longitude coordinates of the piles, level of the base piles and the establishment of the plant engineering measurement control network.
2. Improve the "three passes and one leveling" "three passes and one leveling" refers to the road, water, electricity and leveling the site.
Road: the construction site of the road is the organization of material transport artery. Proposed project before the start of construction, must be in accordance with the requirements of the construction master plan, fix the construction site of the permanent road (including plant railroad; plant highway) and the necessary temporary roads, forming a complete and smooth transportation network, for construction materials into the field, stacking to create favorable conditions.
Water access: water is indispensable to the production and life of the construction site. Before the start of the proposed project, it must be in accordance with the requirements of the construction master plan, "connected to the construction water and living water pipeline, so that as far as possible with the permanent water supply system combined with a good ground drainage system, to create a good environment for construction.
Electricity connection: electricity is the main source of power for the construction site. Before the start of the proposed project, in accordance with the requirements of the construction organization design, connected to the power and telecommunications facilities, do a good job of other energy sources (such as steam, compressed air) supply, to ensure that the normal operation of the construction site power equipment and communications equipment.
Leveling site: in accordance with the requirements of the general plan of construction, the first removal of the site to prevent the construction of buildings or structures, and then according to the general plan of construction of the elevation and earth vertical design drawings, digging (fill) earth volume calculations, to determine the leveling of the site of the construction plan to level the site of the work.
3. Do a good job of supplementary exploration of the construction site
Supplementary exploration of the construction site is in order to further search for dead wells, air raid shelters, ancient tombs, underground pipelines, culverts, and hidden objects such as withered roots, in order to formulate a timely program to deal with the hidden objects, and implementation. To create favorable conditions for the construction of foundation works.
4. Construction of temporary facilities
In accordance with the layout of the construction master plan, the construction of temporary facilities for the official start of construction to prepare for production, office, living, living and storage and other temporary housing.
5. Installation and commissioning of construction equipment
In the fixed equipment to be in place, scaffolding, power supply, maintenance and commissioning work. All construction equipment must be checked and test run before the start of work.
6. Do a good job of construction components (accessories), products and materials storage and stacking
In accordance with the construction materials, components (accessories) and products need to plan the organization of the field, according to the construction of the general layout plan of the location and the designated way for storage and stacking.
7. Timely provision of construction materials test application plan
According to the plan of the amount of construction materials needed, timely provision of construction materials test application plan. Such as the mechanical properties of steel and chemical composition and other tests; concrete or mortar ratio and strength tests.
8. Do a good job of winter and rainy season construction arrangements
According to the requirements of the construction design, the implementation of winter and rainy season construction of temporary facilities and technical measures.
9. Trial production and testing of new technology projects
According to the requirements of the design drawings and construction organization design, carefully carry out trial production and testing of new technology projects.
10. Set up fire fighting and security facilities
According to the requirements of the construction organization design, according to the layout of the construction plan, the establishment of fire fighting. Security and other organizations and related rules and regulations, arrangement of fire, security and other measures.
(E) construction of off-site preparation
Construction preparation in addition to the preparation of the internal construction site, there are also preparations for the outside of the construction site. Its specific content is as follows:
1. material processing and ordering
Construction materials, components (accessories) and construction products most of which must be purchased, and process equipment is even more so. So how to contact with the processing department), production units, signed a supply contract, to improve the timely order, for the normal production of construction enterprises is very important;; for collaborative projects is also the case, in addition to the signing of the protocol, but also must do a lot of work on the relevant aspects.
2. Do a good job of subcontracting and signing subcontracts
Due to the limitations of the construction unit's own strength, some of the construction of professional engineering, installation and transportation are required to outsourcing entrusted to the unit. According to the amount of work, completion date. Quality and cost of the project and other content, and other units to sign a subcontract to ensure timely implementation.
3. Submit to the superior to start the application report
When the processing and ordering of materials and subcontracting work and signing subcontracts and other off-site preparations for construction, you should fill out the application report in a timely manner, and reported to the superior for approval.
Fourth, the construction of the preparatory work plan
In order to implement the construction of the preparatory work, to strengthen its inspection and supervision, must be based on the content of the construction of the preparatory work, time and personnel, the preparation of the construction of the preparatory work plan.
In summary, the construction preparation work is not separate and isolated, but complementary and mutually supportive. In order to improve the quality of construction preparatory work, speed up the speed of construction preparatory work, must strengthen the construction unit, design units and construction units between the coordination work, establish and improve the responsibility of the construction preparatory work and inspection system, so that the construction preparatory work led, organized, planned and phased batch by batch, throughout the whole process of construction.