Refers to boilers, pressure vessels (including gas cylinders), pressure pipes, elevators, hoisting machinery, passenger ropeways, large amusement facilities, and venues (factories) that pose a greater risk to personal and property safety. Special-purpose motor vehicles, as well as other special equipment to which this law is subject to laws and administrative regulations.
Special equipment classification:
Pressure-bearing special equipment
(1) Boiler refers to the use of various fuels, electricity or other energy sources to Equipment that heats liquid to certain parameters and provides heat energy in the form of external output media. Its scope is defined as pressurized steam with a designed normal water level volume greater than or equal to 30L and a rated steam pressure greater than or equal to 0.1MPa (gauge pressure). Boilers; pressure-bearing hot water boilers with outlet water pressure greater than or equal to 0.1MPa (gauge pressure) and rated power greater than or equal to 0.1MW; organic heat carrier boilers with rated power greater than or equal to 0.1MW.
(2) Pressure vessel refers to a closed device that contains gas or liquid and carries a certain pressure. Its scope is defined as gases, liquefied gases and maximum working pressures greater than or equal to 0.1MPa (gauge pressure). Liquids with an operating temperature higher than or equal to the standard boiling point, fixed containers and mobile containers with a volume greater than or equal to 30L and an inner diameter (non-circular cross-section refers to the maximum geometric size of the inner boundary of the cross-section) greater than or equal to 150mm; containing nominal working pressure greater than Or gas cylinders that are equal to 0.2MPa (gauge pressure), and the product of pressure and volume is greater than or equal to 1.0MPa·L, liquefied gases, and liquids with a standard boiling point equal to or lower than 60°C; oxygen chamber.
(3) Pressure pipeline refers to tubular equipment used to transport gas or liquid using a certain pressure. Its scope is specified as the maximum working pressure is greater than or equal to 0.1MPa (gauge pressure), and the medium is gas. , liquefied gas, steam or flammable, explosive, toxic, corrosive liquids with a maximum operating temperature higher than or equal to the standard boiling point, and pipes with a nominal diameter greater than or equal to 50mm. Except for pipes with a nominal diameter less than 150mm and a maximum working pressure less than 1.6MPa (gauge pressure) that transport non-toxic, non-flammable, non-corrosive gases and pipes belonging to the equipment body. Among them, the safety supervision and management of oil and gas pipelines should also be implemented in accordance with the "Safety Production Law", "Oil and Natural Gas Pipeline Protection Law" and other laws and regulations.
Electromechanical special equipment
(1) Elevator refers to a power-driven elevator that uses a box running along a rigid guide rail or steps (steps) running along a fixed line to lift or lower Mechanical and electrical equipment for parallel transportation of people and goods, including passenger (cargo) elevators, escalators, moving walkways, etc. Except for elevators installed in non-public places and used only by a single family.
(2) Hoisting machinery refers to electromechanical equipment used for vertical lifting or vertical lifting and horizontal movement of heavy objects. Its scope is specified as lifts with a rated lifting capacity greater than or equal to 0.5t; rated lifting capacity A crane that is greater than or equal to 3t (or a tower crane with a rated lifting moment greater than or equal to 40t·m, or a loading and unloading bridge with a productivity greater than or equal to 300t/h), and a lifting height greater than or equal to 2m; the number of floors is greater than or equal to 2 Level mechanical parking equipment.
(3) Passenger ropeway refers to electromechanical equipment that is driven by power and uses flexible ropes to pull boxes and other vehicles to transport people, including passenger aerial ropeways, passenger cable cars, passenger towing ropeways, etc. Exceptions include non-public passenger ropeways and passenger ropeways dedicated to internal commuting within units.
(4) Large-scale amusement facilities refer to facilities used for business purposes to carry passengers for amusement rides. Their scope is stipulated that the designed maximum operating linear speed is greater than or equal to 2m/s, or the operating height is higher than Or a large manned amusement facility equal to 2m. Large-scale amusement facilities used for sports, theatrical performances and non-business activities are excluded.
(5) Special motor vehicles in the field (factory) refer to special motor vehicles that are only used in specific areas such as factory areas, tourist attractions, and amusement parks, except for road traffic and agricultural vehicles.
Extended information:
Special equipment refers to boilers, pressure vessels (including gas cylinders), pressure pipes, elevators, hoisting machinery, and passenger transportation that involve life safety and are highly dangerous. Eight categories of equipment include ropeways, large-scale amusement facilities and special motor vehicles in the field (factory).
In order to ensure the safe operation of special equipment, the state has strict regulations on all types of special equipment, from production, use, inspection and testing, and implements supervision of the entire process.
According to statistics from the "2013-2017 China Special Equipment Inspection and Testing Industry Market Prospects and Investment Strategic Planning Analysis Report", by the end of 2011, there were 545 comprehensive inspection institutions for special equipment nationwide, including quality inspection departments Affiliated inspection agencies, industry inspection agencies and enterprise self-inspection agencies, as well as type testing agencies, non-destructive testing agencies, gas cylinder inspection agencies, etc.
There are still many problems in my country’s special equipment inspection and testing institutions. For example: inspection resources are not allocated effectively, the inspection agency is small in scale, and its ability to resist risks is weak; the infrastructure needs to be improved urgently, technical equipment is insufficient, testing instruments are old, and high-tech testing equipment and technology are lacking; the personnel structure of the inspection agency is unreasonable.
There is a lack of high-quality management and technical talents; inspection agencies have not yet truly established self-discipline, incentive, and development mechanisms. Therefore, in the future, our country needs to further actively and steadily promote the reform and innovation of inspection institutions, and by adjusting the approval conditions of special equipment inspection institutions, promote the path of joint reorganization and large-scale development of inspection institutions. In addition, as the application of non-destructive testing technology in special equipment testing becomes increasingly mature, more and more third-party non-destructive testing institutions have entered the field of special equipment testing, resulting in increasingly fierce competition.
Reference material: Special equipment—Baidu Encyclopedia