Qingyuan County Zhiyuan Agricultural Science and Technology Development Center factory production of yellow mealworm, annual production of 20,000 kg.
The yellow mealworm is a fully metamorphosed insect, that is, adult, egg, larva, pupa four metamorphosis. The adult body is long and flat,1.4-1.8 centimeters long,black-brown with metallic luster,the head is pre-mouth style,the sides of the lip base do not exceed the base of the touch. Adults in the process of feathering, the head, thorax, feet are light brown, abdomen and sheath wings are creamy white, the beginning of the insect body is young, reluctant to move, 4-5 days after the color becomes darker, the sheath wings become hard, flexible but do not fly, crawling faster, after careful feeding, the adult group of insects to mate, laying eggs. Adults lay 2-4 eggs each time, each female lays about 300 eggs, which are scattered on the sieve at the bottom of the feed, and the adult period is about 50 days. Eggs are white and oval, about 1 millimeter in size. The egg stage is about 8-10 days, and the larvae are brownish yellow, 2-3 centimeters long, with more obvious body segments, three pairs of thoracic legs, and a double caudal protrusion in the 9th abdominal segment. Larvae hatch yellowish-white, gradually become brownish-yellow, an average of 9 days to molt once, each molt of a skin for an age, ***7 times off the skin, when the last molt in the surface layer of the feed that is the pupa, the larval period of about 80 days, the pupa is white, and then become white-yellow, body nodes are obvious, the pupal period is 12-15 days.
One, the conditions of breeding
Yellow mealworm breeding, first of all, must solve the seed insects, feed, equipment and other issues.
(A) seed worms The most important thing is to have seed worms. Adult larvae, pupae and adult worms can be seed worms. Raise to different stages, according to the yellow mealworm breeding technology, carefully select the pupae, adult, remove the disease, sieve the eggs, so that each stage of the same synchronization of reproduction, to achieve the purification and re-strengthening, buy the adult larvae, put them into a wooden plate containing wheat bran to feed, add fresh vegetables. Observe carefully the pupation situation, when the tray, and then put the sieve tray into the wooden tray containing feed, and wait for the pupa to be feathered into an adult. If you also buy the pupae at this time, put it together with the pupae that will turn in two days, put every 0.5 kg pupae in a sieve tray with bran, then put it in a wooden tray with feed, number it on the shelves and wait for it to be fledged, and pay attention to removing the dead pupae. Then, if you buy an adult, put it in a sieve tray with feed, and every 7 days, sieve out the adult to change the tray. Sieve down the feed mixed with eggs, placed in a wooden tray, continue to incubate, after careful selection and rearing of all stages of insects, can be done as seed bugs breeding, but it is best to use the adult larvae as seed bugs for good.
(2) feed The main feed for yellow mealworm is wheat bran, which can also be supplemented with bran bran and so on (cornmeal is too fine, not breathable, and cannot be used as yellow mealworm feed), and vegetables are mainly green leafy vegetables such as cabbage, radish, and sweetgum can be used. These feeds can meet the needs of the worms for protein, vitamins, trace elements and water. In order to purify and rejuvenate the population and speed up the reproduction and growth, a small amount of glucose powder and fish meal can be added to the feed. Every 0.5 kilograms of yellow mealworms can eat 1.5 kilograms of wheat bran and 3 kilograms of vegetables in one generation cycle.
(C) equipment
1, breeding yellow mealworms must have a feeding room feeding room should be light, ventilation, heating and insulation in winter. The size of the rearing room depends on how many yellow mealworms it raises. In general, every 20 square meters, 1 room can raise 300-500 plates.
2, rearing yellow mealworm wooden plate production drawer-like wooden plate for rearing plate, generally rectangular, specifications are 50 cm long, 40 cm wide, 8 cm high. Board thickness of 1.5 cm, the bottom with fiberboard nailed. Sieve plate, also rectangular, it should be placed in the wooden plate, specifications are 45 cm 35 cm 6 cm, plate thickness of 1.5 cm, the bottom of the 12 mesh iron sieve with plywood strips nailed. The wood used to make the rearing tray is preferably soft mixed wood, and there is no odor. In order to prevent the worm from crawling outward, the four frames of the rearing plate to be attached to the upper edge of the plastic tape.
3, placing the feeding tray wooden frame according to the amount of feeding and the number of feeding trays, the production of wooden frames, with the square wood will be connected to the wooden frame fixed to prevent skewed or tipping. Then you can put the feeding trays on the shelf in order.
4, sieve tray, sieve with coarse and fine iron sieve mesh, 12 mesh large holes can sieve eggs. 30 mesh medium holes can sieve insect feces. 60 mesh small holes sieve mesh, can sieve 1-2 larvae.
5, rearing room temperature inside the requirements of winter and summer should be maintained between 15-25 degrees Celsius. Below 10 degrees Celsius below the insects do not eat and do not grow, more than 30 degrees Celsius above the insect body heat will burn to death. Humidity should be maintained between 60-70%, the ground should not be too wet, winter heating, such as winter can be natural wintering without raising. Summer to ventilation. Indoor thermometer, hygrometer.
Second, the technology of breeding
According to the order of the insect stage are described.
(I) Adult stage The process of adult pupation takes about 3-7 days, with the head, thorax, feet and wings coming out first, and the abdomen and tail coming out later. Because it is synchronized to pick the pupa feathering, so all the feathering can be completed within a few days, just feathered adult is very tender, not much activity, about 5 days after the body color becomes darker, the sheath wings become hard. The male and female adult insects are usually in the dark when they are grouped together to mate, mate for a longer period of time, the female tail is inserted in the sieve output when the eggs are laid, and it is best not to stir at will during this period of time. When you find a layer of egg particles attached to the bottom of the sieve disk, you can change the disk. At this time, the adult sieve eggs in another tray containing feed, set out the dead insects. 5-7 days to change the egg tray. The survival period of adult worms is about 50 days, and the adult worms in the egg-laying stage need a lot of nutrients and water, so it is necessary to add wheat bran and vegetables in time, and can also add some fish meal. If the nutrition is insufficient, the adult worms will bite and kill each other, causing losses.
(2) egg stage Adults lay eggs in a wooden plate containing feed, will be replaced with a wooden plate containing eggs on the shelf, the larvae can be hatched naturally, to pay attention to observation, should not be turned to prevent damage to the egg particles or injury to the larvae are hatching. When the skin of the larvae appears on the surface of the feed, the 1st instar worms have been born.
(3) Larval stage The period from the hatching of eggs to the pupation of larvae is called the larval stage, and the larvae of all ages are the best feed for Chinese forest frogs.
Adult spawning tray, 7-9 days after hatching, to be moulted body length of 0.5 cm or more, and then add wheat bran and fresh vegetables. Each wooden plate to put 1 kilogram of larvae, the density should not be too large, to prevent the lack of feed, insect activity squeeze and bite each other to kill, with the gradual growth of the larvae, timely sub-disc.
Wheat bran is the main feed for the larvae, but also the habitat. Therefore the feed should be kept at a natural temperature. Under normal circumstances, when the temperature is high, the larvae are mostly active in the surface layer of the feed, and when the temperature is low, they burrow into the lower layer of the habitat. The thickness of the feed in the wooden tray is within 5 cm, and when the feed is gradually reduced, then use the sieve to sieve off the worm droppings and add new feed. 1-2-year-old larvae sieve droppings, use 60 mesh sieve mesh to prevent the larvae from leaking out of the sieve holes. To prepare a wooden tray to hold the new feed, while sieving the sieved net larvae into the wooden tray on the shelf.
The larvae of the yellow mealworm have to break through the outer skin (shedding skin), and grow up after molting again and again. The larval stage to molt 7 times, each molt, the body grows larger, the larvae grow 1 age. On average, the larvae molt once every 9 days. When the larvae molt, the epidermis first from the thorax dorsal suture crack, head, thorax, feet, and then the abdomen, tail gradually molted out. Larvae molt generally in the surface layer of the feed, molt and then into the feed, just molted larvae are milky white, tender epidermis.
(4) Pupal stage The larvae pupate on the surface of the feed. Before pupation, the larvae crawl to the surface of the feed, lie down and then slowly stretch the body, and complete the pupation in the process of moulting the last skin. Pupation can be completed in a matter of seconds. The freshly pupated pupa is white-yellow, with a slightly longer pupal body and writhing abdominal segments, and gradually the pupal body shortens and turns dark yellow.
The larvae are different from each other in terms of the order of the pupation time and the strength of the individual's ability. Just turned into a pupa and larvae mixed in a wooden tray to live pupa is easy to be bitten by the larvae in the thorax, abdomen, eat the internal organs and become empty shell; some pupae in the pupal process of viral infections, pupae become dead pupae, which need to be frequently inspected, and found that this situation can be used to 0.310-6 bleach solution spray space, in order to disinfect and sterilize. At the same time, the dead pupae will be picked out and disposed of in time. When picking pupae will be within 2 days of the pupa in the same sieve tray containing feed, adhere to the synchronization of reproduction, centralized feathering into adults.
Three, management measures
In the process of yellow mealworm breeding, it is very important to master the breeding technology and management measures, which is related to the speed of yellow mealworm reproduction, the quality of worms, economic benefits and other issues.
(I) prohibit non-feeding personnel to enter the feeding room. If the personnel who must not enter the room, they must be sterilized with quicklime outside the door.
(ii) In the life history of the yellow mealworm, the four metamorphosis is an important link, mastering the time, shape and characteristics of each link of metamorphosis, you can grasp the technology of breeding.
(iii) The feed should be fresh, the bran is not spoiled, and the greens are not rotten.
(d) In the larval stage, every molt, change the feed, timely sifting of manure, add new feed. In the adult stage of the feed at the bottom of the egg particles and worm droppings, easy to mold, to change the plate in time.
(e) In order to accelerate the reproductive growth, the larvae, adult worms after feathering, add glucose powder or vitamin powder, fish meal in the feed as appropriate. Feed fresh vegetables daily.
(vi) The feeders should inspect the situation of each worm stage every day, such as the discovery of diseased worms, dead worms should be removed in a timely manner to prevent germs from infecting.
(vii) The breeding of yellow mealworms should be carried out according to plan. The amount of worms raised and the number of Chinese forest frogs raised should be articulated so that the number of larvae of each age should be recorded completely to ensure the success of yellow mealworm breeding.
(viii) Cost calculation of yellow mealworm farming. According to the actual calculation of self-propagation of yellow mealworm and self-feeding of forest frogs, each young frog is fed for 3 months a year, the first 1.5 months of daily feeding of 2 worms of the 3rd instar, which can be eaten by 92 worms, and the second 1.5 months of daily feeding of 3 worms of the 4th-5th instar, which can be eaten by 135 worms, and the cost of feeding worms for each young frog is 0.07 yuan, and the cost of feeding worms for each adult frog is 360 worms for feeding for 4 months a year, and 3 worms of the 5th-6th instar are fed every day, which is 0.50 yuan. 0.50 yuan.
Calculated according to the actual feeding: raising 100,000 young frogs requires 90 kilograms of 2nd-3rd instar worms and 400 kilograms of 4th-5th instar worms. According to the plan to raise yellow mealworm to feed frogs, is to ensure the success of China's forest frog farming off build, can be operated according to the actual situation. /hangfencong.htm
In a large number of insects, people first cast their eyes on the fly maggot farming, which is due to the fly group has other insects do not have the characteristics of the decision:
(a) reproduction of fast production efficiency
Fly since the value of the speed of fast, it is estimated that the L pair of flies 4 months to breed 20O0 million groups, can accumulate pure protein 600
More than t. Fly maggots from egg development to adult, generally only IO ~ 11 d. From egg to adult sister, only 4 ~ 5 mountain cycle is short, fast reproduction, high yield. First hatch larvae 0.O8mg, at 24 ~ 30 ℃, after 4 ~ sd growth, maggot weight can be up to 20 ~ 25mg, the total biomass of incremental force D 250 ~ 30O times. Insects as lower animals, in the ecosystem of energy conversion, although the assimilation efficiency is mammals ~ half or so, but its production efficiency is mammals 15 to 40 times, is so far with other methods of production of animal protein can not be compared.
(2) mixed food and animal feces
Fly maggot breeding raw materials from a wide range of sources, wheat new, rice bran, wine lees, soybean dregs and other agricultural by-products scraps, pig manure, chicken manure, duck manure, and other livestock and poultry feces structure is suitable for breeding. A livestock and poultry farm with a fly sister farm, is equal to build another insect protein feed production plant. The raw material is the feces discharged from livestock and poultry, and the product is high-quality fly protein. Turn waste into main, change harm into benefit. After breeding fly maggots manure, both odorless, do not attract flies, but also fertile and loose, is a high-quality organic fertilizer for crops, this special transformation function, is other feed insects can not be expected. Fly sister to deal with livestock and poultry manure
capacity is 20 times the stolen earthworms.
(C) strong resistance to disease rarely get sick
Fly infested in the dirty place, in the uncountable number of germs, but can be safe and sound, will not be infected by these sources of disease. Maggots are extremely resilient and never get sick from feeding on feces, and there is nothing toxic in maggots. Other animals can not tolerate the kitchen environment but the maggot paradise, this is due to its excellent immune function. The fly body can produce a variety of antibacterial and antiviral effective substances. Such as fly secretion has an antibacterial active protein, has a strong bactericidal and antiviral ability,
As long as one ten thousandth of the concentration, can be a variety of bacteria and viruses in death. Any kind of modern antibiotics, can not be compared with it. Scientists in the fly body also found that there is a kind of anti-cancer activity protein, cancer cells have a very strong inhibition. Keeping fly maggots, generally do not have to bother for disease prevention, can greatly save the cost of disease prevention.
(D) high-quality animal protein feed
Domestic and international research results show that insects not only protein content is higher than chicken, fish, eggs and pork and other higher animal protein content, and the amino acid composition of the protein is very reasonable, close to the amino acid ratio model of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in the development of protein. The digestibility of insect protein is very close to or better than that of animal protein.
It can be seen that insect protein can be used as a high-quality protein feed for livestock and poultry.
At present, many countries in the world, the artificial rearing of insects as a solution to the main direction of protein feed sources. Dried flies generally contain about 60% protein, 10% to 15% fat, but also contains a rich variety of amino acids, of which the total amount of essential amino acids is 2.3 times the fishmeal, methionine, lysine are fishmeal 2.7 letters and 26 times, significantly higher than dry fishmeal. Practice has proved that it can not only completely replace fishmeal, but also in the mixed feed mixed into the appropriate amount of live flies, feeding crabs, fish, turtles, eels, eels, borders, birds, etc., the growth of significantly faster, significantly increase production, the effect is very good. According to the test, add the right amount of fresh resistance in the feed fed to laying hens, egg production rate increased by 17% to 25% l fed to the fish yield increased by more than 22%, fed to the pig growth rate increased by 19.2% to 42%, and save ZO% to 4O% of the feed, artificial breeding of fly maggots can alleviate the shortage of feed to reduce the cost of feeding. In this way, feed grain pressure on China's agriculture, pressure on the environment, pressure on arable land and irrigation water, foreign exchange pressure on the need for imported food and so on can be greatly eased.
(E) fly maggot body is a treasure
Fly maggot protein can not only be used as a high-quality protein feed, but also can be extracted protein powder, the development of high-level nutrients, is an ideal source of nutrition for the future of mankind; production process can be obtained at the same time fat, antimicrobial agents, agglutinins and a variety of biochemical products. Antimicrobial protein can destroy all fungal microorganisms, with extremely strong bactericidal effect. Maggot shells are a good raw material for extracting chitin, which is known as the 6th life element necessary for human body in addition to sugar, protein, fat, vitamins and minerals. Chitin on the human body has a unique medical and health care functions, activation and repair of cellular functions, enhance immune function, prevent disease and improve resistance to disease and accelerate the recovery function, the toxic and harmful substances out of the body detoxification function and regulate the physiological balance of the human body function.
(F) fly maggot production is simple and easy
Production of fly maggot does not require any epidemic prevention measures, and does not require modern plant, in civilian water and electricity equipment under the conditions of heat preservation, manure supply, prevention of escape, can be produced on a large scale. Does not produce toxic substances, does not pollute the environment, the fly maggot can be called an excellent chemical engineer. According to the current level of human science and technology, it is easy to do the factory farming of fly maggot. Fly maggots resistant to high-density breeding, a 50 * 50 * 50m? of the fly cage, can keep 1 ~ 12,000 adult flies. Domestic fly maggot large-scale, factory production technology and fly maggot biochemical series products preparation process has become mature.
(VII) maggot manure is a high-quality organic fertilizer
The fly maggot treatment of livestock and poultry manure, both odorless, do not put the fly, but also fertile and loose, is a high-quality organic fertilizer for crops. According to Russian reports, fly group treatment It pig manure, can get maggot manure 500kg. with fly sis treatment of pig manure, pig manure in the original weed seeds were eaten by sis, no longer return to the ground to harm the crops, with the group of manure as fertilizers, the soil can get rid of the use of fertilizers brought about by the soil crusting, the deterioration of the physical properties of the fertilizer, the decline in fertility and other problems. In 1 hectare of land with 20t of clam manure, compared with the application of a full set of chemical fertilizers, oats increased by 20%, oats and beans planted 18%, compared with the single application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers oats increased by 57%, oats and beans planted the most amazing, with the application of a full set of chemical fertilizers than 68%, compared with the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers than 96% increase in yields, but not much increase in potato yields.
(H) an important part of ecological agriculture
Let the fly maggot farming to join the material recycling of ecological agriculture, you can successfully solve the problem of livestock and poultry produced by fecal pollution and animal protein feed shortage of the two major problems. Livestock and poultry on the feed nutrient digestion and absorption of only 25%, the rest are lost in the feces, livestock and poultry feces are rich in protein and other nutrients. Fly sister can be lost in the feces of nutrients nearly all digested and absorbed, and into insect protein. While other insects are not able to do this, the fly is able to carry this burden. Adding centralized farming to farming and planting extends the food chain, transforms matter and energy into higher quality substances that can be used by other higher animals, and improves resource utilization. Waste is reutilized in the production process, and the output of one system is the input of another, forming a stable material virtuous cycle mechanism within the system and improving the stability and economic efficiency of the system.
Almost all of today's manure treatment technology, can only produce general organic fertilizer, and often in addition to the tools are not thorough, large investment, high operating costs. And fly maggot bioengineering can be produced at the same time antimicrobial high protein feed and bio-organic fertilizer, and processing speed, high efficiency, low cost, deodorization thoroughly.