The selective reform of marketization and socialization of some public ****services reflects the retreat of government functions in the field of public ****service and the return of market value. With the rapid development of economy and society, the modern government is facing the dilemma of the rapid growth of social demand and the relative insufficiency of public **** financial resources. The above reforms are an inevitable trend in response to the transformation of government functions and the demands of the people.
(I) the favorable factors of the marketization and socialization of public **** services
1. To realize the combination of government functions and market mechanisms. In the field of public **** services to take market-oriented means and privatization, in essence, the introduction of competition mechanism, thus can effectively reduce the cost of public **** services and improve the quality of public **** services, to achieve the market on the optimization of the allocation of public **** resources; and the government through the development of standards and the service effect of the assessment and supervision, then play the role of the government's macro-management. Therefore, the reform of market-oriented public **** service projects, effectively solve the lack of efficiency of government action, and market action lack of government public **** support. Since the reform and opening up, shaoxing county relatively early to make some private hospitals and schools into the public **** service field, open the government monopoly of medical and educational resources gap, increase the people's selectivity of resources, to a certain extent, resulting in the public schools, hospitals competitive pressure on these industries to strengthen the standardization of management and improve the quality of service, and thus improve the social and economic benefits is a positive effect,. The marketization and socialization reform of these public ****services have a certain effect on easing the government's financial pressure.
2. Enhancement of urban taste combined with services to the general public. The degree of marketization and socialization in the field of public **** services is an important measure of the level of modernization of the city, the traditional government "turnkey" public **** services, although the management of order, but lack of vitality, so that the general public's public **** consumption is maintained at a relatively low base point. The government has taken the initiative to lower the market access threshold for public **** service projects, and has constructed a diversified input mechanism for public **** service projects, so that the field of public **** service is expanding horizontally and developing vertically on this basis, which will help to form a more complete public **** service network. To social forces involved in the field of public **** services, not only to the government's functions to undertake and transfer, but also public **** management field of "small government, big society" call. Private hospitals with a high starting point of the planning and construction and high specification medical services, private high schools in recent years to improve the quality of teaching and expanding the social impact of the city's popularity, gathered a large number of talents. Since the operation of some private hospitals have introduced a number of master's and doctoral students; private high schools have introduced a large number of undergraduates from the provinces, which has an important role in enhancing the city's popularity and thus create a city brand. The fundamental purpose of improving the city's taste is to serve the public, public **** service projects to implement market-oriented operation, effectively alleviating the contradiction between the supply of public **** services and market demand.
3. Saving administrative resources combined with stimulating private vitality. With the status of the social cause of the emergence of Keqiao city space continues to widen, is bound to make the public **** services in the field of expanding, public **** service project division of labor refinement. In this context, the government's limited financial resources not only to increase investment in urban infrastructure construction, but also to continue to enrich the field of public **** services, thereby increasing the pressure on the disposal and use of government funds. Therefore, divesting the government of some of its public **** service functions is conducive to reducing administrative costs and facilitating the government's efforts to focus on major and difficult issues. At the same time, the adoption of market-oriented means for some public ****service projects has indeed played a rather important role in dissolving non-performing assets and unloading financial burdens. From a historical perspective to analyze, private enterprises involved in the field of public **** services, is indeed to undertake the government would like to do and can not afford to do some of the projects, to promote the development of the county has made a contribution. In the economically developed and hidden wealth in the people of shaoxing county, realize the marketization of public **** service, socialization has its realistic social basis, especially a large number of large-scale enterprises, through many years of market struggle and successful business operations, has accumulated a fairly strong economic strength, so as to achieve diversification of the enterprise to expand and participate in the operation of the public **** project to create an important condition.
4. Transformation of government functions combined with the expansion of democratic participation. The marketization and socialization of public *** services can achieve the purpose of unloading government functions and streamlining institutions. Market-oriented reform, the government and the market to determine the functional relationship: the government's function is mainly in the "helm", and "paddle" function is more by the market to complete. The privatization of public **** services and other forms of transfer of some government functions to the market and society can effectively adjust and optimize the functions of the sector, and help to build a "cheap government". Generally speaking, functions that can be performed by the private sector and non-governmental organizations and that can be performed better than those performed by the Government should not be retained in the Government's public **** service sector, which will help to achieve the separation of government affairs and the separation of management and maintenance, and thus achieve the purpose of streamlining institutions. The marketization of public *** services can also expand citizens' democratic participation and promote the improvement of democracy. The government through the introduction of the market in the field of public **** services, social forces, the implementation of diversified service provision, in fact, the government to the community's "power to return" and the people's participation in the administrative process, the essence of this process is the development of social democratic process. The government and other market players in the process of marketization and socialization of public *** services, full of complex interests of the game relationship, which helps the government in the future decision-making to do more scientific and effective.
5. Transformation of the ruling concept and improve the ability to deal with the combination. From a deeper level, the marketization of public *** services, socialization is a revolution in the conceptual level, which prompted people to gradually get rid of only from the government itself to expand the public *** service resources thinking stereotypes, and gradually establish a benign interaction between the operation of the concept of social, dialectical understanding of the three pillars of the modern society (the government, business and social organizations) functions and roles, and really make the government do "Something to do and something not to do", prompting the government from power-centered to rule-centered mode of operation, from all-powerful government to limited government, from backroom administration to transparent administration. The process of marketization and socialization of public **** services is a process full of contradictions, especially in the early stage of its development, due to the government's own experience in the operation of the marketization of public **** services and the lack of institutional supervision, which is likely to result in a large number of high-quality public **** services resources idle or even waste. This y interrogated the government's ability to manage the market economy, thus prompting it to improve its ability to cope with complex situations.
(B) the main problems of the marketization and socialization of public **** services
In the affirmation of the positive effects of the marketization and socialization of public **** services at the same time, we should also truthfully look for its negative factors. Marketization is not omnipotent, which appeared between the government and investors in the complex interests of the game, good intentions and objective results of the reality of the contrast, so that people understand the road of marketization of public **** services difficult and tortuous.
1. The serious lack of public *** responsibility. In the process of marketization of public **** services, the government and investors on the public **** product on the pursuit of value objectives are not quite the same. As a government department, it is not only required to be efficient, but also pay more attention to social responsibility; while the private sector may ignore social responsibility and public **** interests under the calculation of input-output rate. This is always a contradiction between the two. As a result, problems of "predatory" operations and fraud can arise in the course of operations. In the actual operation, some investors through the change of contract, fraud and other means, resulting in the project payment arrears, the bank to recover the loan, the court seized the land, the masses of petitions and other problems, this is the operator of the serious lack of public **** responsibility. In the operation of some private schools, due to the investor's intrinsic impulse to maximize profits, in the installation of relatives in charge of financial and material power, at the same time, arbitrarily do not fulfill their own commitments, but also directly intervene in the day-to-day teaching and management work, triggering the chaos of the school's internal management. Therefore, the public **** service marketization, socialization practice of "moral hazard" resolution, fundamentally can not hope that the conscience of the investor discovery, and the administrative supervision of the misconduct and institutional constraints of the detachment, so that the moral hazard of the opportunity to increase.
2. Social resources idle, serious losses. From the private investment in the actual operation of the public **** service program, the public **** service program operation performance is worrying. Some private hospitals have idle equipment and operating losses. At the same time, due to the lack of business, a large number of high-grade talents introduced are idle, affecting the stability of the talent team. In contrast, some public hospital services are in a saturated state. Some private schools, due to their own school positioning and internal management problems, have also suffered losses for years or even stopped running schools. Caused by the above projects operating in difficulties and losses have their own reasons, but objectively speaking, in the government's public **** service resources are in a strong position in the developed counties, especially such as education, health care, such as the field, the private sector to undertake public **** service projects, the survival of the space was already not much. Under the existing system and administrative preferences, it makes sense for the government to directly operate public **** service programs with strong support.
3. Public **** service marketization of narrow ideas, a single form. In the introduction of public **** service projects market-oriented, socialization process, basically take the form of privatization, to a considerable extent, is a land "a sale of the" practice. As a result, the property rights cut off the link with the Government, objectively weakening the depth and strength of the Government's involvement in these service projects. This is clearly a loose external model of government-market integration. This approach, which appears to be a relatively thorough marketization of public *** services, reflects our immature understanding of marketization. It has also failed to achieve a gradual and orderly approach in launching the specific operation of the project, thus resulting in the operation of some public ****services projects incurring losses and resources being left unutilized. Adoption of the privatization model alone has also resulted in the loss of quality government resources (including land) in the long run, affecting to a certain extent the government's regulation of economic resources and overall urban planning; at the same time, because of the private sector's public **** service projects operating at a loss, will inevitably put forward a demand for compensation for the Government's interests, thus rendering the Government's good intentions null and void. In fact, the marketization of public **** service projects, not only can take the private sector, but also can take the government project contract outsourcing and government and private cooperation and other modes.
4. The introduction of poor project supervision, planning and implementation of the lack of rigidity. Problems in the marketization of public ****service projects are often related to the government's implementation of project supervision and planning. In the introduction of the project, the government management did not step by step to follow up, not strictly according to the contract implementation, easily allow some investors to adjust the planning, the key links on the lack of government functions, often become induced by money and power transactions in the hotbed. At the same time, the problems arising from the construction of these projects are also related to the urban construction, finance, industry and commerce departments do not have a full range of supervision, so that the funds to escape and illegal operation of the opportunity to take advantage of. From the realistic stage of economic development and the professional conduct of investors, to make them consciously and voluntarily assume the social responsibility of the public **** service projects, it seems to be too early, which is also the public **** service project investors always have to "property bundling" and other forms of return to the Government to put forward the interests of the reason.
5. Lack of follow-up management by the government and incomplete internal mechanism. In the process of marketization of public *** services, the government only focuses on the preliminary management of the marketization of public *** services, including planning, construction, etc., and often lacks a follow-up management system and measures for the actual operation after its completion, often replacing the standardized management with policy documents after problems arise or investors' requests, thus failing to effectively establish a regular dialogue between the government and investors and the consultation mechanism between the government and investors, resulting in poor and asymmetric information between the government and the private sector. In fact, in the process of marketization, the government cannot be completely detached from it, and the government still has the responsibility of performance management and evaluation. Problems in the operation of the public **** service sector are also related to the lack of sound internal management mechanisms in the private sector itself, investors are accustomed to using the same set of "boss management" mode of management of the public **** service projects, hiring foreign talents at low salaries, not focusing on the actual results, and making quick successes to make the public **** projects to produce early benefits. At the same time, the public **** service area is a high concentration of intellectual talent, and these investors hired managers are among the best, despite the lack of assets, but they have the idea and ability, investors can only fully stimulate the enthusiasm of the managers to provide a good entrepreneurial environment, in order to realize the sustainable development of the public **** service area.