According to the regulations, not only the local government, the competent departments of enterprises and institutions as well as the leaders of factories and mines should attach great importance to the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis. Organizational leadership work, and should be in the formulation of economic development plans at the same time, to arrange for the implementation of this work, and there should be a special person to organize the implementation. The persons-in-charge of enterprises and institutions have direct responsibility for the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis, and should take measures not only to make the concentration of dust in their workplaces reach the national health standard, but also to establish and improve the system of dust monitoring, safety inspection and regular health supervision, and to strengthen the disposal of pneumoconiosis patients, the management of convalescence, and the work of publicity and education.
(2) Technical Measures
The use of leather, water, dense, wind, protection and other comprehensive measures to do a good job of dust prevention and dust reduction is the most fundamental preventive measures to prevent and control pneumoconiosis.
1. Reform the process of technology, innovation of production equipment that is "leather", is the fundamental way to eliminate dust hazards. Such as remote manipulation, computer control, compartment monitoring to avoid contact with dust; the use of wind transportation, negative pressure sand suction to reduce the dust escape; low quartz limestone instead of quartz sand as a casting material, to reduce the risk of dust.
2. Wet operation, is an economic and simple and practical dust control measures. Such as the use of wet grinding quartz, refractory raw materials; mine wet rock drilling, underground transportation spraying water, high-pressure injection of water into the coal seam and other operations, basically can prevent dust flying, reduce the concentration of dust in the environment.
3. Confinement, ventilation, dust removal. Can not take the wet operation of the place, should be used in closed ventilation dust removal methods. Such as the use of airtight dust drying and local pumping combined to prevent the dust from escaping. Extracted dusty air is then processed by the dust removal device is discharged into the atmosphere.
(C) health care measures
1, dust workers health checks According to the "dust operation of the earth's medical preventive measures," the provisions of the workers engaged in dust operations must be pre-employment and regular health checks, and some should be done to remove the dust operation checks.
(1) pre-employment examination; ready to engage in dust operations (including the transfer to prepare for dust) of the workers must participate in pre-employment examination. The examination items include occupational history; conscious symptoms and past medical history; history of exposure to tuberculosis; general clinical examination; taking chest X-ray and other laboratory tests as necessary. Under 18 years of age and the following diseases are not allowed to engage in dust collection work:
① active tuberculosis; ② serious chronic upper respiratory tract and bronchial diseases, such as atrophic rhinitis, nasal tumors, bronchial wheezing, bronchiectasis, bronchodilatation, and chronic bronchitis, etc.; ③ significant impact on the function of the lungs of the thoracic diseases, such as diffuse pulmonary fibrosis, emphysema, severe pleural hypertrophy and adhesion, thoracic deformities, etc.; ④ serious cardiovascular system, the chest, the chest, the chest, and other medical conditions, the chest, and other medical problems. ; ④Severe cardiovascular system diseases.
(2) Periodic examination: its purpose is to detect pneumoconiosis patients in time and observe the changes in their conditions. The inspection intervals are decided by the local health authorities according to the situation. The principle is that those with heavy exposure should be inspected once every 1-2 years, those with light exposure should be inspected once every 2-3 years, and in some cases, they can be inspected once every 3-5 years.
Workers who have been detached from dust operation, the examination interval can be determined according to the specific situation of the nature of exposure to dust; pneumoconiosis patients are generally re-examined once a year, which can be appropriately shortened or prolonged according to the change of the condition; those who have been diagnosed with O+ are re-examined once a year. Physical examination items should include occupational history, self-perceived symptoms and taking a large posterior anterior chest radiograph. When workers with diseases that are found to be inappropriate to continue dust catching operations are found, they should be transferred out in a timely manner.
Dust-catching operation inspection. Where for some reason transferred from the dust operation workers, before the dust should be as far as possible to carry out a health check, record the occupational history, take chest radiographs. The purpose is not only to solve the health condition when the dust is removed, but also for the future follow-up observation of whether the late-type pneumoconiosis to retain archival data.