International market natural rubber export resources are decreasing year by year
Jiang Jusheng said, at present, there are 43 countries and regions around the world planting natural rubber, of which Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, India, the four major rubber-planting countries planted rubber area of about 75% of the world's total area, accounting for about 77% of the world's total output. Southeast Asia is still the world's rubber production center, is expected in the early 21st century, the world's natural rubber production pattern will not change greatly.
At present, Malaysia to reduce the natural rubber to plant oil palm industrial restructuring has come to an end and achieved initial results, from the past of the natural rubber primary products of the largest exporter of natural rubber into a natural rubber deep processing products exporters, primary products importers. The world's total output of natural rubber held a slight increase in the trend, the export resources will gradually decline. Thailand, Indonesia is currently the world's two largest producers and exporters of natural rubber primary products, but with the accelerated process of industrialization and industrial structure adjustment, is expected in a few years, its export volume will gradually decline. Vietnam, Cambodia and other countries of natural rubber production, with the expansion of its rubber planting area will rise by a large margin, but its total production is not large. India is currently the third largest producer of natural rubber, its production will continue to be basically stable in a small increase in the total output still can not meet domestic demand. In West Africa, the pattern of natural rubber production has changed little.
The world's total demand for natural rubber will rise steadily
In 2004, the world's natural rubber production of 8.22 million tons, consumption of 8.29 million tons, some experts predicted that 2010 will reach 10 million tons in 2030 will reach 17 million tons, in the next 10 years, the world may be in short supply of natural rubber situation.
Hainan Nongken Wenchang Rubber Research Institute, the former director of the Nongken Science and Technology Department, deputy director of Wang Suitong that the consumption of natural rubber and the world's economic development and the use of synthetic rubber (oil as raw material) is closely related. Rubber is mainly used in tires (about 77%) as well as in industry, medical care, sports and culture. Wang Suitong said, the world economy continues to develop will inevitably increase the demand for natural rubber, despite the slow growth of the world economy in recent years, but the demand for natural rubber is still increasing year by year. The last six years of information shows that the world's natural rubber consumption and natural rubber production growth is comparable to the amount of stock is almost no increase. Synthetic rubber is affected by the rising prices of raw materials and the shortage of oil resources, the development prospects are not optimistic; natural rubber has superior performance, both of which make its proportion in the rubber industry will rise. And in the future, with the progress of science and technology and people's ecological awareness, rubber products and new uses of rubber trees continue to be expanded, such as the use of latex components, the use of genetically modified trees to produce high-value products, rubber timber market demand growth.
China's natural rubber consumption of more than 60% rely on imports
China's natural rubber gap is getting bigger and bigger. China's natural rubber industry after 50 years of development, in the world has a pivotal position. But with China's modernization, industrialization, urbanization process accelerated, the consumption of natural rubber increased year by year, self-produced rubber from the 1990s to meet about 50% of domestic consumption, a rapid decline to the current 34%. 2004 China's dry rubber production of 590,000 tons, consumption of 1,850,000 tons, a shortfall of 1,260,000 tons of domestically produced rubber accounted for only about 1/3 of the consumption. From 2001, China has become the world's most consumed natural rubber country, accounting for 21% of the world's consumption.
The World Rubber Research Organization predicts that in the next 10 to 15 years, China's natural rubber consumption will reach 3 million to 4 million tons, accounting for the world's total natural rubber consumption of 12 million tons of 1/4 to 1/3. And from the current scale of rubber planting, China's annual production of dry rubber peak is only about 700,000 tons. At present, the world situation is basically stable, but the local war is becoming increasingly intense, the strategic position of natural rubber in the era of peace is not very significant, but from the above analysis can be seen, it is very easy to become a resource scarcity of materials. Experts believe that adhere to the strategic position of the natural rubber industry and continue to develop and grow very necessary.
Despite the development of China's natural rubber industry after more than 50 years, has formed a considerable scale, but vigorously develop the natural rubber industry still need to focus on solving the constraints on its development of various factors. China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Rubber Research Institute, the former director of the current party secretary Dr. Jiang Jusheng said, China has become the world's fifth largest rubber producer, with an annual output of more than 500,000 tons of dry rubber, reached 590,000 tons in 2004; however, by the constraints of a variety of factors, such as limited hot soil resources, in order to make China's natural rubber industry there is still a long way to go, first of all, must be recognized to constrain the development of its objective factors, as well as The lack of various supporting mechanisms.
(1) by only 5% of the land area of the limited hot soil resources constraints. Rubber is a typical tropical crops, my land within the scope of suitable rubber range is not large. After years of industrial restructuring, China's rubber planting area of 630,000 hectares, there are still 340,000 hectares of rubber land, such as all planted on the rubber is less than one-third of Indonesia and Thailand, but also smaller than Malaysia's planting area, according to the current rate of development of Vietnam will soon exceed our country.
(2) by the constraints of labor resources. Cutting rubber work is a labor-intensive production activities, labor intensity, long labor hours, with the development of social and economic development and people's living standards, rubber workers will be a large number of losses and shortages. Some years ago by the rubber price is too low, rubber workers income is small, Hainan Nongken and Guangdong Nongken have a large number of rubber workers outflow, which proves that labor resources will restrict the development of the rubber industry.
(3) by the constraints of germplasm resources. Rubber tree is an exotic species, although the establishment of new China to take a variety of channels, a variety of ways to introduce, currently has nearly 6000 germplasm resources, but still less than 1/4 of the total amount of germplasm resources in the world, coupled with insufficient funding for scientific research, scientific and technological innovation to keep up with, which has begun to affect China's rubber tree genetic breeding research.
In addition, a variety of domestic supporting mechanisms are not sound, also restricting the development of the natural rubber industry. Jiang Jusheng analyzed that, at present, China's natural rubber in competition with foreign fashions have 20% of the single import tariff for protection, after entering the WTO transition, Europe, ASEAN and other countries have been asked to abolish the single import tariffs, once canceled, in the case of the supporting mechanism is not sound, the domestic natural rubber industry, such as the starting point of the disadvantages of the low will be fully exposed, and simply can not compete with foreign countries.
To this end, Jiang Jusheng and some other rubber experts put forward the following suggestions:
(1) The state should establish a natural rubber risk protection mechanism. Hainan Nongken Wenchang Rubber Research Institute, the former director of the current Nongken General Administration of Science and Technology, deputy director of Wang Suitong said, rubber is an open-air weak industry, the cycle is long, renewed once in 30-35 years, at least 25 years; and most of China's rubber planted in the international generally agreed that can not be produced in the rubber place - latitude of 18-24 degrees north, belonging to the northern edge of the Tropics, the wind, cold, disease, drought and other natural disasters are frequent.
(2) A rubber industry development fund should be established to provide more support and input for the development of the rubber industry. The fund can be collected from rubber-related industries. Wang Suitong said, in the "Sixth Five-Year Plan", "Seventh Five-Year Plan", "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period, the state has been listed as the rubber of the national key support for agricultural projects, to the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period of the rubber. Ninth Five-Year Plan" period will be canceled rubber, the state gives Hainan Nongken 6.6 million yuan per year for agricultural development funds, but less than 40% for rubber research and development.
(3) the establishment of a sound policy measures to support the rubber industry and rubber farmers. Wang Suitong said, overall, the state for the development of the rubber industry is still insufficient investment. For example, during the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period, the state invested 70 million yuan per year to build a comprehensive agricultural project, the growing period (eight or nine years) input funding (labor, fertilizer, pesticides, etc.) about 2,200 to 2,500 yuan per acre, these rubber forests cut three years after the acre yield of up to 100 kilograms, while the farms invested in lower rubber forests (about 1,600 yuan per acre), production is very low. The lower input gum forests (around 1600 RMB per mu) have very low yields or are not ready to go into production by the end of the year.
Jiang Jusheng said that although the state announced the abolition of agricultural special production tax in August 2003, and gradually reduced the agricultural tax since last year, but these have no practical significance for rubber farmers. Because rubber pays tax in the sales process, the beneficiaries are the dealers. Foreign countries in addition to no tax, there are many supportive policies, such as Thailand in the rubber export export tax, the provisions of the export tax charged per kilogram of dry rubber 1.48 baht, for the renewal of the rubber plantation, each update 1 to (6.25 acres) rubber plantation subsidies of 6,400 baht, part of the fund is also used to support scientific research, education, free fertilizers, seedlings and other means of production, free training, and so on.
(4) the establishment of rubber reserve mechanism. Jiang Jusheng said, foreign countries of the Triple Alliance ARCO (Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand) to use the reserve mechanism to stabilize prices, while the domestic in addition to the normal reserves, there is no means of regulation of the rubber market, the national reserve mechanism has not been formed. On March 31 this year, the establishment of Hainan Agricultural Reclamation Natural Rubber Industry Group Co., Ltd. marks the first in the planting area and production of natural rubber resources in Hainan will be fully and effectively integrated.
Experts generally believe that only a correct understanding of the above constraints, reduce the overall cost, the establishment of risk protection mechanisms, rubber industry development fund, China's natural rubber industry can be bigger and stronger.
China's largest natural rubber production base, rubber forest area and dry rubber production accounted for 40% of the country's Hainan Nongken, March 31, the establishment of the Hainan Natural Rubber Industry Group Company Limited, seeks to integrate Hainan's natural rubber resources, to create China's natural rubber industry, the first brand. Experts pointed out that in China's natural rubber gap is getting bigger and bigger background, Hainan will usher in the development of natural rubber industry unprecedented historic opportunity, but to seize the opportunity must deepen the reform.
The development of natural rubber in Hainan has obvious advantages
China Tropical Agricultural Research Institute Rubber Research Institute, the former director of the current party secretary Jiang Jusheng said, the development of natural rubber industry in Hainan has the following four obvious advantages.
First, from the characteristics of the rubber industry itself, rubber trees can make full use of China's limited hot soil resources. In the development of efficient agriculture can not be utilized on the land, can cultivate rubber trees. Rubber trees have a long payback period, slow results, but this is also its advantage, rubber trees, once put into production, in 25 to 30 years can continue to harvest, long-lasting benefit.
Second, rubber production costs are low, a million dollars. Hainan Reclamation 1996 to 2001, the average cost of 6 years for analysis, tons of rubber direct production costs of 5626 yuan, accounting for 53.29%; tons of rubber indirect costs of 4772 yuan, accounting for 46.71%. Domestic natural rubber and the international market after convergence, the price trend and international consistency, has been at a high level, last year, the average price of a ton of integrated average price reached 13346 yuan, if the reclamation can divest the social burden, reduce the integrated cost, planting rubber will be a profit.
Third, relative to other tropical crops, natural rubber is easy to store and transport, the market risk is small; rubber tree is easy to cultivate and manage, can be developed and planted on a large scale, Hainan farmers, especially the mountainous areas of ethnic minorities to increase their income, poverty alleviation is an important means of enrichment.
Fourth, has a very strong ecological service function. No side effects on the environment, each rubber tree is an environmentally friendly "factory". Rubber plantation is a class of cash crops, but also a class of artificial forests, with soil and water retention, maintenance of soil, maintain biodiversity and a variety of ecological services. According to research, Hainan's existing rubber forests annually provide ecological service function value of 5.072 billion yuan (in 2001 comparable prices).
Institutional shortcomings drag the natural rubber industry in Hainan reclamation legs
The objective existence of the advantages of the development of natural rubber industry in Hainan to prepare for the innate foundation, but the development of 50 years of reclamation in Hainan, in front of an increasingly active market economy, more and more stretched to the limit: Reclamation of government and enterprises are not divided, the community enterprises are not divided, the property rights of a single management system, the crude mode of economic growth, the heavy burden of debt, making the reclamation enterprises in the market, the Government and enterprises are not divided. Debt burden, making the reclamation enterprises in the system, mechanism, development momentum, etc., difficult to adapt to the needs of market competition, restricting the reclamation area to accelerate economic and social development.
March 31, in Hainan Natural Rubber Industry Group Co., Ltd. was founded on the General Assembly, the company's chairman and general manager Wu Yarong said, Hainan Reclamation will integrate all the rubber resources, the establishment of rubber planting, processing, sales and scientific research and development in one of the industry group, the development of Hainan's natural rubber in an industrial way, the separation of reclamation to run the social functions, the implementation of standardized planting and processing strategies
Wei Liucheng, governor of Hainan Province in 2004, Hainan Reclamation Reform Summary Conference, said: "The potential of the reclamation system is still very large, deepen the reform is the fundamental impetus for the development of reclamation." Hainan Provincial Bureau of Reclamation, deputy director of science and technology, Wenchang Rubber Research Institute, the former director of Wang Suitong that the first reclamation reform to divest social functions. Excessive social burdens directly aggravate the cost of tons of rubber, with an annual output of 233,200 tons of dry rubber in Hainan Nongken last year only to achieve an increase in revenue of 160 million yuan. According to Hainan reclamation system reform program, Hainan reclamation is planning to gradually separate social functions. In accordance with the principle of separation of government and enterprises, reclamation enterprises in two steps to separate administrative and social functions. In the first step, schools, health care, social security, civil affairs and public security run by reclamation enterprises are authorized by the government to be managed by reclamation community management agencies in accordance with the law, among other things. The second step in the central government's strong support and summarize the pilot experience in the integration of educational resources on the basis of the gradual transfer of administrative and social functions of enterprises to the local government management.
Seize the opportunity to expand and strengthen the natural rubber industry in Hainan
Wang Suitong said, the development of the natural rubber industry in Hainan Reclamation must take the connotation and extension of the development of a combination of roads. First of all, we must solve the planting layout imbalance, slow renewal and other issues. Hainan reclamation of rubber forests concentrated in the eastern heavy wind area, low yield, rubber forests westward has been urgent. Product structure aging, new varieties of poor promotion. Hainan Nongken 90% of the rubber varieties are PR107, RRM600, are Malaysia's 50 years old varieties selected and bred, developed their own high-quality varieties to promote less than 3%. Slow renewal of rubber trees. Rubber trees are generally 35 years of renewal, many of the old rubber plantations in Hainan Reclamation did not renew in a timely manner, the existing 1 million acres of low-yield rubber plantations, 16 million acres of expiry can not be put into operation rubber plantations urgently need to be renewed.
Secondly, there are too many rubber processing plants, poor consistency of product standards, the lack of quality control system. Jiang Jusheng said, the domestic production of only more than 500,000 tons of rubber per year, but there are 354 processing plants; Thailand produces 3 million tons of rubber per year, only more than 40 processing plants. Hainan Nongken is embarking on the optimization and restructuring of 87 farms in the rubber processing plant on the basis of the establishment of 13 processing plants, the western 7 are planning to build, Meilian, Honglin, Wushu and other 3 rubber centralized processing plant a project has been completed and put into operation, closed down 18 farms in the rubber plant; the east and the central 6 processing plants will be launched. Wang Suitong said, small rubber factory development into a large rubber factory, Nongken will take the road of deep processing, improve product quality, the development of special finished rubber. Reclamation planning to produce 100,000 tons of radial tire rubber and 100,000 tons of latex, then will be able to achieve effective revenue and cost savings.
In addition, Wang Suitong suggested that China's development and growth of the natural rubber industry, in the connotation of the development at the same time, but also actively expanding outward, the implementation of the "go out strategy". 10 + 3 economic circle for the establishment of rubber planting abroad provides an opportunity, at present, there is still a certain amount of land in Myanmar and Malaysia, China's organizational management Advantages of our organization and management plus foreign climate advantages, will certainly be able to extend China's natural rubber industry to foreign countries.