There are 23 scientists who have made outstanding contributions to the cause of the two bombs and one star, namely Yu Min, Wang Daheng, Wang Xiji, Zhu Guangya, Sun Jiadong, Ren Xinmin, Wu Ziliang, Chen Fangyun, Chen Nengkuan, Edward Yang, Zhou Guangzhao, QIAN Xuesen, Tu Shou'e, Huang Weilu, Cheng Kaijia, Peng Huanwu, Wang Ganchang, Deng Jiaxian, Zhao Jiuzhang, Yao Tongbin, Qian Ji, Qian Sanqiang, Guo Yonghuai.
September 18, 1999, in celebration of the 50th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Central Committee, the State Council, the Central Military Commission decided to make outstanding contributions to the development of the "two bombs and one star" to be honored by the 23 scientific and technological experts.
And awarded Yu Min, Wang Daheng, Wang Xi Ji, Zhu Guangya, Sun Jiadong, Ren Xinmin, Wu Ziliang, Chen Fangyun, Chen Nengkuan, Edward Yang, Zhou Guangzhao, Qian Xuesen, Tu Shou'e, Huang Weilu, Cheng Kaijia, Peng Huanwu "two bombs and one star Medal of Merit", and posthumously awarded Wang Gam-chang, Deng Jiaxian, Zhao Jiuzhang, Yao Tongbin, Qian Ji, Qian Sanqiang, Guo Yonghuai "two bombs and one star Medal of Merit" (the above rankings in the order of last name strokes).
Expanded:
A huge mushroom cloud rose from the Lop Nur region of Xinjiang in western China as China's first atomic bomb exploded successfully, making it the fifth country in the world to possess nuclear weapons.
"That evening, Premier Zhou Enlai announced the news in the Great Hall of the People, before our broadcast. Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou called collectively to double-check and double-check to make sure it was not a nuclear explosion, because the news was just too significant.
The dust that was recovered from the parachute was later carefully analyzed and identified, and after several hours, it was finally confirmed to be a nuclear explosion." Ge Nengquan, an expert in the history of science and technology, served as Qian Sanqiang's full-time secretary for many years and is now 76 years old. Ge Nengquan is still very excited about the atomic bomb explosion.
In 1945, the U.S. atomic bomb prompted the surrender of Japanese imperialism, the country began to realize the power of the atomic bomb, and hoped to use it to strengthen the country, but were unsuccessful. After the founding of New China, China has been under the nuclear threat of the United States. Therefore, the development of its own atomic bomb is again on the agenda.
The wind is strong, and the grass is strong. At a time when the country was experiencing serious difficulties, the Chinese Academy of Sciences stood at the forefront and deployed the elite strength of more than two dozen research institutes across the academy to undertake the task of atomic energy research and development, and in 1961 alone, the tasks undertaken by the Institute concerned amounted to 83 items, *** counting 222 research topics.
"Many of the most cutting-edge and critical tasks were those in which the Academy of Sciences was involved in the attack." Ge Nengquan said.
Uranium diffusion separation membrane at that time was known as the atomic bomb among the most top secret, the most critical piece of technical equipment. In order to crack this problem, Qian Sanqiang as well as Pei Lisheng, then vice president of the Academy of Sciences, personally went to Shanghai to organize a joint research laboratory to attack the problem, and spent more than two years to hand over thousands of diffusion separation membranes to the plant.
"It was a tough research environment at the time, and many people suffered from swelling disease and abnormal liver function." Ge Nengquan said.
After the success of the atomic bomb, the main work shifted to the breakthrough of the hydrogen bomb. Chairman Mao Zedong also instructed, "The atomic bomb should be there, and the hydrogen bomb should be fast."
From the breakthrough of the atomic bomb to the breakthrough of the hydrogen bomb, China used 2 years and 8 months, the Americans 7 years and 4 months, the Soviet Union also used 4 years.
"This speed shocked the world." Ge Nengquan said the reason it was so fast lay in a brilliant move by Qian Sanqiang and others.
Early 1961 in the organization of the atomic bomb attack, Qian Sanqiang on the arrangement of Huang Zuqia, Yu Min, He Josuo and other theoretical pre-research work on the hydrogen bomb, *** wrote 69 research reports on the hydrogen bomb of various physical processes and the hydrogen bomb's role in the principle and the possible structure of the hydrogen bomb, carried out a multi-faceted in-depth exploration. As a result, the time was greatly shortened, creating the fastest speed that surprised the world.
On April 24, 1970, the Dongfanghong-1 satellite was successfully launched, which was the first artificial Earth satellite launched by China. China became the fifth country in the world to launch a domestic satellite with a homemade rocket, following the Soviet Union, the United States, France and Japan, thus ushering in a new era in China's space history.
It goes without saying that the development of the "two bombs and one star" cause, not only makes China's national defense strength has taken a qualitative leap, but also widely driven the development of China's scientific and technological undertakings, to promote the socialist construction of our country, to create a team of science and technology that can endure hardship, can tackle problems, can be innovative, can be collaborative, and greatly enhanced the national It has greatly strengthened the confidence and strength of the people to forge ahead and strive for strength.
In 1999, the Central Committee, the State Council and the Central Military Commission made the "Two Bombs and One Star" Medal of Merit, which was awarded to Yu Min, Wang Daheng, Wang Xiji, Zhu Guangya, Sun Jiadong, Ren Xinmin, Wu Ziliang, Chen Fangyun, Chen Nengkuan, Cheng Kaijia, and Peng Huanwu, and posthumously awarded to Wang Ganchang, Deng Jiuxian, Zhao Jiuzhang, and Yao Tongbin, Qian Ji, Qian Sanqiang, Guo Yonghuai and other 23 for the development of "two bombs and one star" made outstanding contributions to the experts.
"More than half of these highly decorated scientists come from the Chinese Academy of Sciences." Ge Nengquan said channeling talents is one of the key contributions made by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. "So many scientists who are over 100 years old come hungry to do scientific research and to attack the problem, in order to realize our dream of an atomic bomb strong country as soon as possible."
The Institute of Atomic Energy, which was developed from the Institute of Modern Physics at the beginning of the academy, has even been called the "mother hen" of China's atomic energy industry, and the research and technology institutes derived from it are as many as 14 in the former Ministry of Second Mechanism system alone.
And since 1959 to July 1965, the Institute of Atomic Energy to the atomic energy front to send 914 scientific and technological personnel, of which the first deputy researcher and the first deputy chief engineer 28 people, assistant researchers and engineers 147 people, research trainees and technicians 712 people, and at the same time, for the former Ministry of Second Mechanisms of the institutions under the training of 1,706 engineers and technicians.
People's Daily Online - The Splendor of Two Bombs and One Star