What is the current situation of nutrition conditioning institutions in China?

A nutritionist is a scientific worker who uses the knowledge and skills of nutrition to guide nutrition and diet. The quantity and quality of nutritionists reflect the degree of social and economic development and the quality of life of residents in a country. China is in a period of transition between diet and disease patterns, and it is urgent to establish a team of nutritionists to guide residents' diet and nutrition scientifically and effectively. First, the status quo of nutritionists The shortage of nutritionists in China is a common phenomenon. At present, there are only more than 2, nutritionists in China, which means that China enjoys one nutritionist for every 65, talents, which is far from the developed countries. Most full-time nutritionists in China work in hospitals, CDC and other professional medical institutions. Because there is no relevant legal support, only a handful of them are listed for business. Most hospitals in our country either have no nutrition department or are integrated with the canteen. Most of the so-called nutritionists are also taken by people without professional education, which can not play a role in participating in treatment and helping patients recover. Only a few large hospitals have nutritionists with formal professional education. According to a survey conducted by China Nutrition Society in 22, only 47% of the 43 hospitals interviewed have nutrition departments, and more than half of them have no nutrition departments at all, let alone nutritionists. There are 1722 people who are engaged in nutrition in the hospital, but only 392 people are qualified as nutritionists, accounting for only 22%. Only 142 hospitals provide nutrition consultation for patients. In the mid-198s, a survey conducted in 1,456 hospitals (with more than 21, beds) showed that there were 613 nutrition professionals in the above hospitals, of which only 62 were nutritionists with higher education in nutrition. That is, there is a nutrition professional in about 2 hospitals and a nutritionist with higher education in nutrition in 23 hospitals. According to the survey of 1 provinces (regions) in China, the average number of people engaged in nutrition work in provincial epidemic prevention stations is 4, most of whom are mainly engaged in food hygiene supervision, and nutrition work is part-time, while there are no full-time nutritionists in local (city) and county epidemic prevention stations. According to the data of Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Quality Control Center, there are only more than 3 nutritionists at all levels who have passed the professional and technical qualification examination of nutrition in Shanghai, most of whom are distributed in hospitals to serve special people, and few of them are for the general public. At present, there are only three nutritionists with formal qualifications in Xiamen, all of whom work in medical units. The hospitals that need nutritionists most are still like this, and the situation of canteens, hotels and schools can be imagined. There are nearly 6 star-rated hotels in Beijing, and there are countless other restaurants, large and small. However, almost no restaurant has a full-time nutritionist. There are 1884 chefs in 138 foreign-related star-rated hotels and restaurants in China, including 81 food nutrition staff and 162 part-time primary nutrition staff. There is an urgent need for a large number of nutritionists to guide consumers' scientific diet. There are basically no full-time nutritionists in most kindergartens, schools, student nutrition lunch companies and communities in China. At present, the nutritionists of professional sports teams and athletes in various provinces and cities in China are not perfect and have not been included in the national sports development plan. According to the investigation of national sports teams and provincial sports teams in 15 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China by the Nutrition Society of China, there are only six full-time nutritionists in the total number of more than 1 million full-time athletes in China, and most of their work is just to distribute nutritional supplements, and they seldom carry out regular nutrition publicity and education, scientific diet and individual nutrition guidance. Second, the employment field of dietitians 1. Clinical dietitians: Usually working in hospitals, community fitness centers or health care institutions, they are responsible for diagnosing the nutritional problems of patients, listing health care plans, and supervising the effectiveness of dietary changes. 2, catering service management nutritionist: nutritionists join the catering service management industry, so that no matter three meals a day or snacks can be prepared and distributed safely, hygienically and cost-effectively. 3. Nutrition consultants: provide experts' advice on nutrition, dietotherapy and catering services for individuals, institutions and business organizations. Such nutritionists generally work in professional nutrition consulting institutions. 4. Public health nutritionist: working in the public health care field and social service department, responsible for understanding the nutritional needs of the public, confirming the nutritional problems in the community, proposing nutrition education projects and health promotion strategies, and providing information and consulting services to other public departments, experts and the public. 5. Dietitians in the business field: mostly serve food and pharmaceutical companies and catering service providers. Nutritionists assist enterprises in research, give expert opinions on management and market, and urge enterprises to produce better food and nutritional products and put them on the market. 6. Research dietitian: Usually working in universities, health care institutions and enterprises, responsible for making plans for research projects and implementing them. These projects can fundamentally improve the level of medical care and save the cost of catering services. Third, the specific work of nutritionists A nutritionist is a professional engaged in nutrition guidance, the dissemination of nutrition and food safety knowledge, and the promotion of public health. The main work includes: evaluating, managing and guiding the nutritional status of human body; Evaluate, manage and guide dietary nutrition; Evaluate the nutrition of food and formula; Consultation and education on nutrition knowledge. Nutritionists can not only play an important role in publicity and education in the community, but also provide personalized education, counseling, guidance and other services for catering industry, enterprise employees, white-collar workers, senior managers, athletes and families, and their employment scope can be spread in any field related to diet. At present, some hospitals or health management companies can make a complete nutritional evaluation of people who come to the nutrition clinic, such as checking whether their height and weight are reasonable, and body composition analysis means that nutritionists use special instruments to detect and analyze whether the three indicators that make up the human body (water, fat, lean body weight, that is, musculoskeletal parts) are reasonable, so as to understand the characteristics of customers' daily diet. For people who are obviously "suspicious" or may suffer from certain diseases because of bad eating habits, nutritionists will advise them to do trace element determination and detection. The nutritional evaluation composed of these four steps is a whole, and it is a very natural and coherent process for experienced nutritionists. The specific operation process and inquiry can be deep or shallow, detailed or rough, and maybe a few questions can complete this step. After completing the nutritional evaluation, the nutritionist will prescribe a "prescription". "Prescription" is mostly a basic plan for future diet, including specific suggestions on the basic composition of food, meal times, meal time, meal mode and so on. The recipe will be redesigned according to the different reactions of the patients every time. Nutritionists do not treat diseases, but prevent them. They mainly guide sub-health people on how to take nutrition. Most sub-healthy people need health care rather than treatment. A dietitian is a professional who is engaged in nutrition guidance, knowledge dissemination of nutrition and food safety, and promotion of public health. Mainly engaged in the work includes the evaluation, management and guidance of human nutritional status; Evaluate, manage and guide dietary nutrition; Evaluate the nutrition of food and formula; Consultation and education on nutrition knowledge. The nutrition caterer is a compound talent, who should know both nutrition and cooking, and is a profession with mental skills as the mainstay. Known as the first health care doctor to ensure people's health. Senior nutrition caterer and public dietitian have the same job content. Career profile: In the United States, people who have obtained the qualification of dietitian can have the same enviable high income and social status as doctors. Their employment direction is mainly for catering and government canteens; Recommend health care products and be a private health care consultant. The employment direction of dietitians and nutritionists in China is generally the same as that in the United States, and they have their posts in restaurants, food enterprises, health care products companies, institutions, groups, communities, kindergartens and canteens of enterprises. In the future, only nutritionists are qualified to recommend health food. At the same time, the chef should complete the matching, conditioning, adjustment and other processes of recipes under the guidance of a nutritionist or a nutrition caterer. In addition, public nutritionists can also run their own health clinics and be health consultants. At present, there is a gap of more than 4 million public nutritionists and nutrition caterers in China. Health manager is a health management professional who is engaged in maintaining and promoting residents' health and monitoring, analyzing and evaluating public health and diseases. The main work includes collecting and managing residents' health information; Assess the health and disease risks of residents; Formulate a health promotion plan for residents; Health education and guidance for residents; Promote health knowledge, carry out health consultation and safeguard residents' health; Research and development of health management technology; Evaluate the effectiveness of the application of health management technology. Occupational profile: Health management not only pays attention to the treatment of diseases, but more importantly, the prevention of diseases; Health management can not only promote the health of residents, but also save a lot of money. According to the report of the World Health Organization, one third of human diseases can be avoided through preventive health care, one third can be effectively controlled through early detection, and one third can improve the treatment effect through effective communication of information. In terms of medical expenses, after more than 2 years of research in the United States, the conclusion is "9% and 1%". That is to say, after 9% of people and enterprises pass health management, the medical expenses will be reduced to 1%. 1% of individuals and enterprises did not make health management, and the medical expenses increased by 9%. In the United States, 7 out of every 1 Americans have access to health management services. In China, health management has just started, and it is a sunrise industry. At present, there are only a few professional health management institutions in Chinese mainland, most of which are affiliated departments of hospitals and physical examination centers. The number of professional health managers only accounts for two ten thousandths of the total number. With the acceleration of population aging, the extension of life expectancy and the rise of chronic diseases, the demand for health maintenance and improvement will increase day by day. The traditional medical service model can no longer meet the needs of development. The emerging health management industry will have a very broad development prospect. Fourth, the income of nutritionists in the United States, nutrition and health care professionals are very popular, and it is not easy to obtain the qualification of nutrition and health care professionals. However, once you have the qualification, you can have the same enviable high income and social status as a doctor. In the future, there are three main directions for the employment of nutrition hygienists: to guard the canteen of catering units or units, to be a health care nutrition salesman and to become a private nutrition health care consultant. Sun Chu is currently working as a nutritionist in a gym in Beijing, and works as a part-time private nutrition consultant for two regular customers. Part-time private nutrition consultants only help customers make menus for one week every week, or take dietotherapy plans in coordination with the medical process in view of their physical discomfort at a certain period, or do some food supplement work in the season when tonic is needed. Plus his salary in the gym, Sun Chu earns 6, yuan a month, to say the least. "What I do is a part-time job. If I specialize in being a personal dietitian for some people, the income will be similar to their personal trainer. A private dietitian I know bought a car after working for a year. " Sun Chu said. The National Nutrition Regulations are expected to be promulgated. According to the regulations, only nutrition hygienists are qualified to recommend health foods in the future, and every community will be equipped with nutrition hygienists to carry out health intervention for every household. Judging from the market supply and demand, it is inevitable that nutritionists will be popular. (China Gong * * * nutritionist training network, Xuelang network, "China's nutrition and health care division has broad employment prospects", "China nutritionist's current situation, needs and development prospects")