Fixed Asset Management Essay Sample 1: An Analysis of Fixed Asset Management
Abstract: Good fixed asset management makes it possible to effectively improve the increase in equipment utilization, reduce costs by optimizing the arrangement of maintenance resources, and thus improve the economic efficiency of the enterprise and the competitiveness of the enterprise in the market. Strengthening the company's fixed asset management to ensure the safety and integrity of the company's assets, and give full play to the effectiveness of asset use.
Keywords: responsibility for fixed asset management, fixed asset management, computerization, fixed asset efficiency analysis system
The goal of fixed asset management is to improve the utilization of fixed assets and reduce the cost of operation and maintenance of the enterprise, so that the enterprise maintenance resources can be optimized as the core, through a variety of means of information to rationally arrange the maintenance plan and related resources and activities. Enterprises by improving equipment availability to achieve increased revenue, through the optimal arrangement of maintenance resources to reduce costs, so that the enterprise's economic efficiency can be improved and increase the enterprise's market competitiveness.
Enterprise management of assets not only to carry out static accounting, but also now the dynamic management of assets, such as from the asset requisition, asset utilization, asset maintenance has been to the end of the asset, the whole asset life cycle management.
In the increasingly competitive business era, for companies with high-value assets, for the maintenance of equipment is no longer limited to the scope of the cost of asset management has become a strategic tool to obtain profits, strengthen the company's fixed asset management, to ensure that the company's assets are safe and intact, and give full play to the effectiveness of the use of assets.
I, the management of fixed assets need to start in the following areas
(a) strengthen the company's leadership on the management of fixed assets concept
According to China's "Accounting Law" of the relevant provisions: "The person in charge of the company must be responsible for the accounting work of the enterprise and the authenticity of the accounting information, integrity. " Therefore, it is necessary to conscientiously implement the "Accounting Law", the key to the management of fixed assets is that the company leader must really do and take up the responsibility related to the management of assets. A company's leaders attach importance to corporate asset management, should set up a special committee to manage fixed assets, there should be specialized personnel to manage fixed assets. Put an end to the ideological awareness of the "heavy into light management", "heavy funds, light in kind".
(ii) strengthen the sense of responsibility of managers at all levels of fixed assets
For the responsibility is unclear, some enterprises in the lending of fixed assets leasing did not apply for the relevant procedures, resulting in the loss of fixed assets damage; some fixed assets due to long-term use of the state of end-of-life, but did not apply for the end-of-life procedures, the books still reflect the existence of a large number of fixed assets; in the housing Remodeling, construction should enhance the building area and the amount of the case, due to negligence not timely management and other circumstances, making the fixed assets account does not match. The enterprise financial internal control system mechanism is not sound, the system implementation capacity is weak, can not regularly inventory, inventory, resulting in unclear status of enterprise assets.
(C) to strengthen the accountability of fixed asset users and fixed asset maintenance personnel
Fixed asset management is the management of the physical form. Most of the main assets of the enterprise composition from the production equipment, production equipment service life including material life, technical life, economic life. Production equipment of its own quality and operation and production equipment maintenance and normal repair, determines the length of the material life. First of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the daily maintenance of production equipment to ensure the extension of its material life. Otherwise, fixed assets will be scrapped early, resulting in loss of fixed assets, increasing expenses to the enterprise and leading to a decrease in the total value of fixed assets. Due to the continuous progress of science and technology, there are technically more advanced, economically more reasonable and better production equipment, thus resulting in the depreciation of the original production equipment. Some equipment can continue to use, but it affects the quality of the product. The economic life of fixed assets is from the economic efficiency point of view to see whether the equipment is the most to achieve a reasonable period of use. In the most appropriate use of fixed assets within the service life, the lowest value of the average annual total cost, and can make the average annual total cost of the lowest number of years, this is the economic life of the equipment. Technological updating is in a relatively slow stage of the equipment, the renewal of its main economic life, while taking into account the technical life.
From the fixed asset management system should be on the fixed asset procurement, fixed asset issuance, fixed asset registration and transfer, fixed asset acceptance, fixed asset obsolescence, fixed asset inventory, inspection system, should be strictly required to ensure that the fixed assets in all aspects to ensure that the account in line with the real, to avoid losses.
Two, good management of fixed assets should do the following work
(a) fixed assets budget system
Enterprises should be based on the actual development needs and funds each year, a reasonable fixed asset budget, the budget can be approved, generally do not break through, for the "urgent needs" of fixed assets. "Fixed assets, should be reported. There are provisions in the system, and strictly control the procurement of fixed assets. The company should be based on the departments to put forward fixed asset procurement requirements, the company designated by the designated department or person for review, the designated special department or person based on the existing assets, to determine whether to agree to the purchase of new fixed assets or directly from other departments to transfer fixed assets. If the need for procurement, reported to the relevant leaders for approval, the person in charge of procurement.
(2) Authorized Approval System for Fixed Assets
Clearly define the approval authority and approval method as well as the procedures and responsibilities of the approver for the acquisition of fixed assets. The approver shall not exceed his authority to approve. No procurement shall be made without approval.
(C) Organizational Responsibility System
For the acquisition, acceptance, receipt, use and other aspects of the fixed assets designated special department or person, clear their corresponding responsibilities, make specific requirements for the work, and mutual supervision, separation of powers. Procurement of assets by the designation of specialized departments or persons for the acceptance of fixed assets. If fixed assets are found to be inconsistent with the procurement requirements, or if there are obvious problems with the quality of fixed assets, the person in charge must be reported immediately and the fixed assets must be replaced, otherwise they will not be put into storage. When the fixed assets are issued by the designated department, the consignee shall sign and confirm in the "Outgoing Stock List" and "Fixed Assets Consumption Detailed List" respectively. If the fixed assets are lost, stolen or damaged due to poor storage or other human factors during the use, the user shall compensate according to the regulations. When the user of fixed assets leaves the company, he/she shall return all the office assets, and shall only go through the exit procedures after the relevant responsible departments have made an inventory and verified and confirmed that there is no mistake. The designated department is responsible for checking and counting the fixed assets of each department, and fill in the "Fixed Assets Registration Form" after the leader's signature is confirmed, so as to clarify the department's responsibility for the care of fixed assets. Fixed assets lost, damaged, must be designated by the department for the record, fill out the "Fixed Assets Registration Form" in a timely manner; the transfer of fixed assets, must be transferred out of the department and the transfer of the department of the relevant personnel to confirm the signature before the transfer. The treasurer of the designated department will change the asset management account records in time according to the changes in the "Fixed Asset Registration Form" and file the relevant information to the financial department. Fixed assets are required to apply for scrapping and go through the corresponding scrapping procedures when the fixed assets are confirmed to be beyond repair by professionals or when the repair cost exceeds the original value of the assets. Relevant personnel of the designated department are responsible for the self-inspection and inventory of fixed assets of the department, and assist in the asset inspection and inventory every quarter, and make a table of asset inventory. The designated department is responsible for the registration, inspection and daily supervision and management of assets, and randomly checks the fixed assets management of each department from time to time. Every quarter, the designated department, together with the finance department, conducts a comprehensive inventory of the asset management of each department and issues a written report. For each department's asset inventory, find out the reason and the responsible person, and report to the company leader for approval. If it belongs to the mismanagement and other human factors, should be held responsible for the parties and managers, and depending on the circumstances of compensation for damages.
(D) Record fixed assets book system
The department responsible for the management of fixed assets and the company's financial accounting department to keep a full set of fixed assets, fixed assets, fixed assets approval information, fixed assets, such as the purchase of the plan and other accounting records, the relevant person responsible for the replacement of fixed assets materials are prohibited, lost and damaged, and at any time to accept the relevant departments of the supervision. Implement fixed asset cards to ensure that the situation of fixed assets is reflected in a timely manner. Set up fixed asset ledgers to better reflect the increase or decrease of fixed assets and changes in fixed assets. The establishment of fixed asset files, fixed assets from the initial planning to the end of the whole process of fixed assets formed by the text description, accounting accounts and other relevant information. Fixed assets are categorized and divided to establish the corresponding dynamic system information.
(E) fixed asset disposal, scrapping system
According to the relevant provisions of the enterprise departments of fixed assets should be deployed to the full utilization of fixed assets as the principle, since the internal transfer procedures, and timely registration of changes in fixed assets.
Three, to realize the computerization of fixed asset management
Because the scale of fixed assets is getting bigger and bigger and there are many kinds of fixed assets, the management of the manual management, manual statistics no longer adapt to the requirements of the work, so it is necessary to realize the management of the computerization of the management of the establishment of the fixed assets of the management of the plan and accounting management of the information technology system with all the functions, will be the construction of the acquisition of fixed assets, Budgeting, fixed assets disposal, fixed assets scrapping, fixed assets accounting and other operations are all reflected through the system. The perfect information management system can help the management organization to grasp the information of fixed assets in real time and improve the efficiency and effect of management work. At the same time, under the premise of computerized accounting, the manual fixed assets ledger and general ledger can be canceled, which is conducive to reducing manual labor and improving work efficiency.
Four, fixed asset benefit analysis system
In order to strengthen the management of fixed assets, improve the utilization of fixed assets, should be fully analyzed for benefits. First, before the acquisition of fixed assets, the fixed assets should be relevant predictions and effective analysis. Secondly, the statistics of fixed assets utilization rate of each department, play the fixed assets effectiveness, the scrapping of fixed assets scrapping, the maintenance should be carried out in a timely manner. The third is to budget the break-even point of fixed assets and analyze whether the workload of fixed assets reaches the expected goal. Fourth, all the fixed assets of the enterprise to implement computerized accounting, analysis of each piece of fixed assets, income, expenditure, gross profit and gross margin, clear development direction.
References:
[1] Interim Measures for the Management of State-owned Assets of Institutions. UNESCO Department of the Ministry of Finance, edited by the first edition in August 2006
[2]Dong Dingfang. Discussion on how to strengthen the fixed asset management of administrative institutions [J]. Economist, Issue 6, 2006
[3]Wang Lizi. A preliminary study on the application of economic life in the economic management of medical equipment[J]. Chinese Hospital Management Journal, July 2007, Volume 23, Issue 7
Fixed Asset Management Essay Sample 2: Talking about Fixed Asset Management
AbstractThis paper aims at the phenomenon of disconnecting the physical management of fixed assets from value management, and the discrepancy between accounts, cards and things, etc., and puts forward the corresponding improvement methods and The corresponding improvement methods and countermeasures are proposed for fixed assets purchase management, daily management, disposal management and efficiency management.
Keywords fixed assets Purchase and construction management Daily management Disposal management Efficiency management
I. Introduction
According to the strategic deployment of the State Grid Corporation's modern company and the requirements of group operation, intensive operation and fine management, the company's system should strengthen the asset management, focus on the future, and push forward the construction of a long-term mechanism of asset management to further strengthen the asset management, improve asset quality, prevent and resolve asset management risks, revitalize the stock of assets, improve the operating efficiency of the Company's assets and enhance economic benefits.
Two, fixed asset management problems
1. There is a disconnect between the physical management of fixed assets and the value of management, accounts, cards, things do not match the phenomenon; 2. Individual fixed assets are not recorded in a timely manner; 3. Fixed asset operating costs need to be further reduced; 4. Fixed asset management efficiency needs to be further improved.
Three, fixed asset management improvement methods or countermeasures
(a) fixed asset purchase and construction management
1. Strictly in accordance with the system for the purchase and construction of fixed assets
According to the "Henan Provincial Electric Power Company Fixed Asset Management Measures", in accordance with the budgetary management procedures, strictly in accordance with the general manager of the general meeting and the provincial company approved by the annual capital revenue and expenditure budgetary arrangements for fixed asset purchase and construction, for unforeseen and unavailable assets. The purchase and construction of fixed assets and the unforeseeable purchase and construction of fixed assets are approved in accordance with the prescribed procedures.
2. Purchase of equipment and materials and settlement of project construction payments are included in the management of "two lines of income and two lines of expenditure"
The Bidding Management Center gives full play to its advantages in material procurement to reduce the cost of material procurement. Strict management of project construction payment settlement to improve the efficiency of project fund utilization. The procurement of equipment and materials and the settlement of project payments are incorporated into the "two lines of income and expenditure" management, and under the premise of meeting the needs of the progress of the project, the funds are actively operated to reduce the comprehensive cost of funds.
3. Timely preparation of final account report
Strictly in accordance with the requirements of the State Grid Corporation and the provincial company's "Project Completion Accounts Management Measures" and other systems, to strengthen the management of the preparation of the final account report of the completion of the project, the completion of the final account of the report on a regular basis to clean up the report on the completion of the report on the preparation of the final account of the report in a timely manner to ensure that the completion of the final account in a timely manner to ensure that the approval, and to effectively solve the problem of the long term fixed assets to the provisional value of the book. Problems brought about by the long-term temporary estimated value of fixed assets in the accounts.
(B) the daily management of fixed assets
1. Pay close attention to the basic management of fixed assets
Mainly do the following aspects of work: 1) in the event of changes in the assets, the requirements of the functional management departments to pass the changes in the specified time limit to ensure that the accounts, cards and things are consistent; 2) the establishment of the system of accountability for the management of the responsibility of the system; 3) put forward the procedures for the leasing of assets and the commissioning of operational management and responsibilities. entrusted management procedures and responsibilities; 4) strict control of fixed assets to guarantee behavior; 5) the establishment of fixed assets inventory system; 6) the establishment of fixed assets regular, irregular inspection system.
2. Develop a regular inventory system
Inventory of fixed assets, inventory work, is to improve the day-to-day management of fixed assets based on the establishment of a fixed asset inventory system, in principle, at least once a year a comprehensive inventory should be carried out, inventory inventory after the end of the physical management of fixed assets in a timely manner to submit the inventory inventory report on the inventory, inventory loss of fixed assets for the reason of serious analysis, put forward corrective measures and in conjunction with the relevant departments of the fixed asset management department to submit an inventory report. Propose corrective measures and work with the relevant departments to put forward specific treatment of the relevant responsible persons, timely processing, asset inventory found in the case of major asset losses, timely reporting to the provincial company.
3. Dynamic monitoring of changes in the increase or decrease of assets
Design of monthly reports on changes in fixed assets and accumulated depreciation, requesting the filling in of monthly changes in the increase or decrease of fixed assets, and monitoring of changes in fixed assets by month to find out the reasons for the anomalies and make corrections in time, so as to prevent the occurrence of major errors before they occur.
4. Work with the production department to do a good job of renewal and transformation expenditure management
The Finance Department with the operation, maintenance and repair departments to put forward the company's annual fixed asset renewal and transformation plan, and into the annual capital expenditure budget management. In formulating the renewal and transformation expenditure plan, the comprehensive consideration of each unit of fixed assets scale, degree of newness and other factors. From time to time, the use of funds for renewal and reconstruction is monitored, and the change of expenditure is effectively controlled. In accordance with the relevant provisions of the adjustment of the book value of the original fixed assets, the new assets formed by the technological transformation to adjust the original fixed asset card, to avoid the situation of a fixed asset corresponding to more than one card.
5. Strict Operation and Maintenance Expenditure Management
Operation and maintenance expenditures of fixed assets are managed in strict accordance with the relevant regulations of the State Grid Corporation and the provincial companies to ensure that the use and quality of fixed assets are in good condition. When issuing the budget for the operation and maintenance expenditure of fixed assets, the comprehensive impact of the scale of fixed assets, the rate of newness and other factors are fully considered and reasonably allocated to improve the efficiency of fixed asset maintenance.
(C) Disposal Management of Fixed Assets
1. Disposal of Fixed Assets is carried out in strict accordance with the relevant regulations
According to the "Measures for the Management of Fixed Assets of Henan Electric Power Company", the disposal of fixed assets is handled according to the different management levels, in accordance with the prescribed authority for approval and the prescribed procedures. According to the "State Grid Corporation Asset Impairment Provision and Asset Loss Write-off Management Measures" and the "Henan Provincial Power Company Account Write-off Asset Management Implementation Measures", the relevant fixed asset losses will be written off in a timely manner, and the accounts will be written off and the assets will be managed in strict accordance with the regulations.
2. Fixed asset transfer, profit and loss, destruction and scrapping approval
Fixed asset transfer, profit and loss, destruction and scrapping are handled in strict accordance with the prescribed procedures and approval authority, by the use of the custodian of the department to apply, explain the reasons and put forward the views of the treatment, fill in the relevant application documents, after the review of the physical management department and the value of the management department, reported to the supervisor for approval, the procedures are complete for disposal. Disposal after completion, and timely report to the value management department for account processing, and do a good job in the recovery of residual value, before approval, no unauthorized disposal.
(IV) Fixed Asset Efficiency Management
For ineffective and inefficient assets, the company will actively revitalize and recover funds. For non-productive assets, actively sell them for cash in a market-oriented manner. As for the assets in the accounts, further clean up and verify, formulate specialized agencies, clarify the working mechanism, and actively clean up and recover.
1. Implement whole-life management of fixed assets, and strive to improve the level of input and output; 2. Develop standardized management specifications for fixed assets, and effectively improve the level of management; 3. Strengthen the basic management of fixed assets, and implement a regular maintenance system for fixed assets, to ensure safe production; 4. Establish a system for evaluating the use of fixed assets, and dynamically grasp the efficiency of the use of fixed assets.
Fourth, conclusion
In summary, the overall idea of fixed asset management is: in accordance with the requirements of the State Grid Corporation's group operation, intensive operation and fine management, to further strengthen the day-to-day management of fixed assets, control the cost of purchase and construction, strict disposal procedures, optimization of the structure of fixed assets, improve the quality of assets, to prevent and resolve the risk of asset management, revitalization of the stock of assets, and to improve the The company's assets operating efficiency and improve economic efficiency.