Cost control of construction projects is increasingly being emphasized, from the implementation of the project bidding system, the construction stage supervision system to improve and comprehensive audit of the project settlement, so that the project cost in the event and after the fact to get a better control, but as the design stage of the ex ante cost control, is still not well controlled. According to the analysis, the design fee is generally only equivalent to less than 1% of the whole life cost of the construction project, but it is this less than 1% of the cost but basically determines almost all the subsequent costs. This shows how important the quality of design is to the effectiveness of the entire construction project. Therefore, effective control of the design phase of the cost should be given great attention.
I, change the design concept of technical light economic, the introduction of the concept of value engineering in architectural design
Value engineering, also known as value analysis, in order to improve the value of the product as the center of the analysis and evaluation of its functions, so that the total cost of the lowest, to achieve the necessary functions.
Architectural design of how the functional requirements of the project and the organic combination of investment, according to the actual situation of the project is not simply the pursuit of cost reduction, nor one-sided pursuit of improving the functionality, but rather seek to improve the ratio of cost and functionality, to obtain the best design solutions, value engineering as a fairly mature and proven management approach, in many countries in the construction of the project has been widely used, for example, a cement factory was born 20m high. For example, in a cement born 20m high garden library design, the original design program using all cast-in-place reinforced concrete walls, after repeated calculations by the designers, the use of masonry plus multiple ring beams and structural columns of the practice, to meet the design requirements, and the cost of a single library than the original program to save 37,000 yuan, 11 garden library **** to save 404,000 yuan, the design of this program in order to ensure that the engineering function remains unchanged under the conditions of reducing project Investment.
Two, vigorously implement the engineering design bidding system
Engineering design bidding through open and fair competition to promote the design unit consciously according to the architectural design requirements to submit a practical, beautiful, safe and economical design program, the introduction of value engineering analysis in the bid evaluation process, the design program set multiple evaluation indicators, according to the project's actual importance of the degree of allocation of weights, is conducive to owners of the Selection of the best design program, is conducive to the control of project investment.
Three, the implementation of limit design
Currently, some design units are only responsible for the technical responsibility, do not pay attention to investment control, did not emphasize the limit design, coupled with the selection of various types of high-quality engineering standards to pay little attention to investment control, resulting in the one-sided pursuit of high-standard construction, high-standard decorations, so that the project investment in excess of the capital is serious. Limit design is not a one-sided consideration of saving investment, and never simply cut the investment, but respect for science, respect for the actual, realistic, elaborate design and ensure the scientific nature of the design. In order to ensure that the limit design can be put into practice, within the design unit, first of all to make the design and budget estimates to form an organic whole, to overcome the state of mutual disconnect. In the whole design process, the designers should often check the cost of the project of this specialty, and effectively do a good job of controlling the cost of work. Change the current design process does not count, the design of the budget estimates after the phenomenon of dawn, by "drawing the count" into "counting the drawing".
Four, cost consulting experts to intervene in advance to optimize the design
Optimization of the design can significantly reduce the cost of the project. In the process of building design, because some designers do not pay enough attention to the economy of the building, the blind pursuit of high standards of the building or in order to safety, deliberately increase the safety coefficient of the structure, resulting in a waste of investment. Therefore, you can choose the right cost consulting experts from the initial stage of design to monitor the cost of the project.
Cost consulting experts can be in the program design stage, the use of similar buildings, technical and economic indicators, the proposed building in accordance with different design options, according to the existing price level of analysis, comparison, preparation of estimates, in the expansion of the initial design stage, the different structural forms, different materials and different utility equipment to make a comparison of the cost of the arrangement in a timely manner for the designers to provide the appropriate economic indicators in the construction drawings design stage to make good construction drawings, in the construction drawings design stage, the cost of construction drawings. Construction drawings design stage to do a good job in the preparation of construction drawings budget, reduce the errors and omissions in the design of the project, intervention in the design of the existence of unnecessary waste, to achieve the control of investment, optimization of the design of the purpose.
For example, after doing a three-story cast-in-situ frame dormitory building bidding, found that the dormitory building's square meter cost is much higher than the same type of project, the owner questioned, for which we analyze the cost factors of the project, found that the project's reinforcing steel content of 68kg/m2, while similar projects in the region of the reinforcing steel content of 40kg/m2 or so, and at the same time, the project design of the cross section At the same time, the project is designed to have a larger section size, and the interior decoration materials are mostly high-grade materials, so the unilateral cost is higher. If the owner in the design stage that is commissioned cost consulting organizations to control the cost of the project, strengthen the communication between the owner and the designers, I believe that the cost can be controlled within the owner's expectations.
Fifth, strengthen the management of design changes
Design unit seriously do a good job of reviewing the drawings, drawings can reduce errors and omissions in the phenomenon, so that the design phase of the construction budget more accurate. Drawings itself is not perfect or insufficient design depth, will lead to an increase in the construction phase of the design changes, resulting in increased investment. Such as a commercial complex bidding price of 8 million yuan, project settlement, due to design changes caused by the increase in investment of up to 2 million yuan, design changes from the foundation to the main structure until the balcony railing method.
The reason for the emergence of a large number of design changes, in addition to the design unit's own level of factors, there are considerable reasons from external factors. For owners, to prevent this phenomenon from occurring, so that the design unit to improve the depth of the design, improve the design drawings should pay attention to:
1. Determine the final program of the building at the design stage, to avoid changes in the construction stage.
2. Give the design unit sufficient design time to strengthen the design of the preliminary preparatory work, such as surveying, drilling, etc., the design cycle process, will lead to insufficient design depth, drawings are not perfect.
3. Select the appropriate design unit, reasonable design costs, design costs are too low, the designers are not very motivated, the quality of drawings is more difficult to ensure.
4. The loss of control of investment due to design changes caused by the design unit, clear that it should be held responsible.
Sixth, improve the design of the charging method
The current design fee is a "pot of rice", whether by investment or area charges, are not conducive to the design stage of the control of investment, as long as the drawings on the money, the quality of good or bad, the investment of over and over with the design of the charge has nothing to do, this undoubtedly restricts the designers to actively control the investment. This undoubtedly limits the enthusiasm of the designers to take the initiative to control the investment. If the implementation of the existing charges on the basis of joining the saving investment commission, investment exceeds a certain percentage of the design of the charges deducted, will make the design units and designers of the design of ideas greatly changed, the full force of the economic leverage, so that the design and engineering investment organically combined.
Seven, the promotion of standard design
Standard design, also known as the stereotypes, universal design, reuse design, is a part of the standardization of engineering and construction, all types of engineering and construction of components, fittings, spare parts, general buildings, structures, utilities, etc., as long as there are conditions for the use of standard design. Promote standard design is conducive to a substantial reduction in project cost, can save design costs, greatly accelerate the speed of providing design drawings, shorten the design cycle, components prefabricated factory production of standard parts, can make the process of stereotypes, easy to improve the technology of workers, and easy to make the production of balanced and improve labor productivity as well as uniform ingredients, saving materials, and is conducive to a substantial reduction in the cost of components and fittings, such as the standard components of the wood Consumption is only 25% of the non-standard components; can make the construction preparation work and custom prefabricated components and other work in advance, and can make the construction speed greatly accelerated. According to the Shanghai survey material, the use of standard components of the construction project can reduce costs by 10% to 15%. Standard design is both economical and practical, generally can make the project cost lower than the individual design cost.
In summary, in the engineering design stage to correctly deal with the unity of opposites of technical and economic relations, is the key link in the control of project investment. Design units and designers must establish the concept of economic accounting, the introduction of the concept of value engineering, optimization of the design; cost consulting experts in the design process should work closely with the designers, timely analysis and comparison of project cost, dynamic influence on the design, as the owner should also pay attention to the importance of the design phase cost control to ensure effective control of investment.
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