Civil air defense project is an important facility to guard against sudden enemy attacks, effectively cover personnel and materials, and preserve war potential; It is an engineering guarantee for persisting in urban fighting and supporting the anti-aggression war for a long time until victory.
First of all, according to the architectural form
Civil air defense engineering can be divided into tunnel engineering, tunnel engineering, accumulation engineering and excavation engineering according to the construction form.
1, tunnel engineering
Tunnel engineering is an underground excavation project with the main ground mostly below the lowest entrance and exit, and most of it is built on the flat ground.
2, tunnel engineering
Tunnel engineering is an underground excavation engineering in which most of the main ground is higher than the lowest entrance and exit, and it is mostly built in mountainous areas or hilly areas.
3. Stacking project
Stacking project is a project in which most structures are located on the original surface and covered by backfill.
4, digging engineering
Excavation is a kind of project constructed by cut and cover, and most buildings are located below the original ground, including single-type projects and ancillary projects. Generally, there is no directly connected building on the upper part of a single building project; There is a solid building on the upper part of the affiliated project, also called the air defense basement. Most of the early civil air defense projects were tunnel projects.
Since the 1980s, the guiding ideology of civil air defense construction has changed strategically, emphasizing the combination of peacetime and wartime to serve economic construction and urban construction. Most new civil air defense projects are excavation projects with good location and high quality. At the same time, in order to attract people underground and provide people with a more comfortable environment, the decoration level of some civil air defense projects is generally higher than that of ground buildings.
Second, according to the wartime function
Civil air defense projects are divided into five categories according to wartime functions: command and communication projects, medical rescue projects, air defense professional team projects, personnel shelter projects and other supporting projects.
1, directing communication engineering
Command and communication engineering refers to civil air defense command posts at all levels and their supporting communication, power supply, water supply and other projects;
2. Medical rescue project
Medical rescue project is the general name of underground central hospitals, underground emergency hospitals and medical rescue points that provide medical rescue in wartime;
3, civil air defense professional team project
Civil air defense professional team engineering refers to emergency repair, emergency rescue, fire protection, chemical defense, communications, transportation, public security professional team engineering and corresponding ancillary projects at all levels;
4, personnel masking project
Personnel shelter project refers to the shelter project of party, government and military organs at all levels, government organizations, enterprises, institutions and residential areas and its ancillary supporting projects;
5. Other supporting projects
Other supporting projects refer to underground hospitals, various warehouses, production workshops, evacuation motor roads, communication channels, regional power stations, water supply stations, chemical monitoring stations, audio alarm stations, etc.
Extended data
Construction requirements
New civil buildings (except industrial plants) will be built on state-owned land in urban planning areas at or above the county level, and air defense basements will be built simultaneously in accordance with the following provisions:
1, newly-built civil buildings 10 floors or air defense basements with a foundation depth of more than 3 meters and a resistance level of 6 or above shall be built according to the construction area of the first floor on the ground;
2. Newly-built civil buildings in key cities for civil air defense other than those specified in the first paragraph, and civil air defence basement with resistance grade of 6B shall be built according to a certain proportion of the total construction area. The specific ratio is: 6%-8% for first-class national key civil air defense cities; 5%-6% for the second-class national civil air defense key cities; Class III national key civil air defense cities are 4%-5%; The county seat is 3%.
3, the new civil buildings except the first and second provisions, according to a certain proportion of the total construction area of the ground to build an air defense basement with a resistance level of 6 or above.
The specific ratio is:
4%-5% for national first-class civil air defense key cities;
3%-4% of the national second-class civil air defense key cities;
3%-2% of the national third-class civil air defense key cities; The county seat is 2%.
No unit or individual may approve the reduction or exemption of the construction area of the air defense basement, or lower the resistance level of the air defense basement.
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