Exported to the EU wireless remote control products, communication products, must comply with the R & TTE Directive (Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment Directive) - 1999/5/EC requirements.
R & TTE Directive includes the following products:
1, short-range wireless remote control products (SRD), such as: remote control toy cars, remote control alarm systems, remote control doorbells, remote control switches, remote control mice, keyboards and so on.
2, professional radio remote control products (PMR) For example: professional wireless walkie-talkie, wireless microphone, etc.. Corded phone, fax, MODEM, answering machine, small switchboard (PABX), cordless phone CTO, CT1, CT1 + ..., ISDN (digital telephone products), DECT (Enhanced Digital Cordless Telephony), GSM, CDMA ...
3, bluetooth products such as: bluetooth headset (2.) Introduction to FCC certification, also known as the U.S. Federal Communications Certification, FCC (Federal Communications Commission) is the U.S. Federal Communications Commission) was established in 1934 by the COMMUNICATIONACT is an independent agency of the U.S. government, directly accountable to the Congress. the FCC by controlling radio broadcasting, The FCC coordinates domestic and international communications by controlling radio broadcasting, television, telecommunications, satellites, and cable. Involving more than 50 U.S. states, Colombia and the U.S. territories, the FCC's Office of Engineering and Technology is responsible for technical support for the Commission and for equipment approval in order to ensure the safety of radio and wire communications products related to life and property. Many radio applications, communications products, and digital products require FCC approval in order to enter the U.S. market. FCC committees investigate and study all phases of product safety to find the best way to solve problems, and the FCC also includes testing of radio devices, aircraft, and so on.3) ASTM was formerly known as the International Association for Testing Materials (IATM). Association for Testing Materials, IATM). 1880s, in order to solve the buyers and suppliers in the purchase and sale of industrial materials in the process of opinions and differences, some people proposed the establishment of a technical committee system, organized by the Technical Committee of the representatives of various aspects of the technical symposium to discuss and resolve disputes related to the material specifications, test procedures, etc. The first meeting of the IATM. The first meeting of IATM was held in Europe in 1882, at which a working committee was formed. At that time, it was mainly to study and solve the problem of test methods for iron and steel and other materials. At the same time, IATM encouraged countries to organize chapters. Subsequently, in June 16, 1898, there are 70 IATM members gathered in Philadelphia, the United States, meeting the establishment of the International Society for Testing of Materials, U.S. Branch. 1902 in the International Society for Testing of Materials Branch of the Fifth Annual Meeting, declared that the U.S. Branch of the formal independence of the Society for Testing of Materials (American Society for Testing Materials). ). With the continuous expansion and development of its business scope, the Society's work center is not only research and development of material specifications and test method standards, but also includes a variety of materials, products, systems, services, characteristics and performance standards, as well as test methods, procedures, and other standards. 1961 the organization changed its name to the extension of the present American Society for Testing and Materials (American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM) for Testing and Materials, ASTM).
ASTM is one of the oldest and largest non-profit standards organizations in the United States. After a century of development, ASTM now has 33,669 (individual and group) members, of which 22,396 members of the main committees serve as technical experts in its various committees.ASTM's technical committees under the *** has 2004 technical subcommittees. There are 105,817 units participating in the development of ASTM standards, the main task is to develop materials, products, systems, and services in the field of characteristics and performance standards, test methods and procedures standards, and to promote the development and dissemination of knowledge. 4.) RoHS is a mandatory standard developed by the European Union legislation, which is called "Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive" (Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive). Directive (Restriction of Hazardous Substances). The standard will be formally implemented on July 1, 2006, mainly used to regulate the material and process standards of electrical and electronic products, so that it is more conducive to human health and environmental protection. The purpose of the standard is to eliminate lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in electrical and electronic products***, and focuses on the stipulation that the content of lead should not exceed 0.1%. The main sources of lead involved are as follows.
The basic content of the EU RoHS and WEEE Directives
The European Union Parliament and the European Commission issued the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (referred to as the WEEE Directive) and the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (referred to as the RoHS Directive) in the Official Journal on February 13, 2003
The RoHS Directive and the WEEE Directive are the most important directives of the European Union. > "RoHS Directive" and "WEEE Directive" provides for the inclusion of hazardous substances in the management of restriction and end-of-life recycling management of ten categories of 102 kinds of products, the first seven categories of products are China's main exports of electrical products. Including large household appliances, small household appliances, information and communications equipment, consumer products, lighting equipment, electrical and electronic tools, toys, leisure and sports equipment, medical equipment (except for implanted or infected products), monitoring and control instruments, vending machines.
The RoHS Directive restricts the use of the following six hazardous substances
1 Mercury (Hg) Examples of the use of this substance: thermostats, sensors, switches and relays, light bulbs
2 Lead Examples of the use of this substance: solder, glass, PVC stabilizers
3 Cadmium Examples of the use of this substance: switches, springs, connectors, housings, and PCBs, Contacts, batteries
4 Chromium (hexavalent) Examples of the use of this substance: Corrosion-attached coatings on metals
5 Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) Examples of the use of this substance: Flame retardant, PCBs, connectors, plastic housings
6 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) Examples of the use of this substance: Flame retardant, PCBs, connectors, plastic housings
Tests Principle:
In accordance with the requirements of the European Union's WEEE&RoHS Directive, AOV is to split the product according to the material, and test for hazardous substances separately with different materials. Generally speaking:
Metal materials need to test four kinds of harmful metal elements such as (Cd cadmium / Pb lead / Hg mercury / Cr6 + hexavalent chromium) Plastic materials in addition to checking the four kinds of harmful heavy metal elements also need to test the brominated flame retardants (polybrominated biphenyls PBB / polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDE) At the same time, packaging materials of different materials need to be separately packaging materials for the testing of heavy metals (94/62/EEC)The following are the upper limit concentrations of the six hazardous substances stipulated in RoHS:
Cadmium: less than 100ppm
Lead: less than 1,000ppm
Steel alloys less than 2,500ppm
Aluminum alloy less than 4,000ppm
Copper alloy less than 40,000ppm
Mercury: less than 1,000ppm
Hexavalent chromium: less than 1,000ppm
Reasons for the introduction of RoHS
The first time that the presence of heavy metals harmful to human health in electrical and electronic equipment was noticed was the discovery of cadmium in cables of a number of marketed game consoles in the Netherlands in 2000. In fact, electrical and electronic products in the production of a large number of current use of solder, packaging box printing ink contain lead and other harmful heavy metals.
When will RoHS be implemented
The European Union will implement RoHS on July 1, 2006, when electrical and electronic products that use or contain heavy metals and flame retardants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and other flame retardants will be denied access to the EU market
Editing this section of the RoHS specifically related to those products
RoHS RoHS is aimed at all electrical and electronic products that may contain the six hazardous substances mentioned above during the production process and in raw materials, including: white goods, such as refrigerators, washing machines, microwave ovens, air conditioners, vacuum cleaners, water heaters, etc.; black goods, such as audio and video products, DVDs, CDs, TV receivers, IT products, digital products, communication products, etc.; power tools, electric and electronic toys, and medical and electrical equipment
Editorial section of the current RoHS progress
Some big companies have noticed RoHS and started to take measures to deal with it, such as SONY's digital camera has been declared on the box: this product uses lead-free soldering; printed with lead-free ink.
The Ministry of Information Industry in 2004 also issued the "Electronic Information Product Pollution Prevention and Control Management Measures" similar to RoHS, and in October established the "Electronic Information Product Pollution Prevention and Control Standards Working Group" to study and establish a standard system for the prevention and control of electronic information product pollution in line with China's national conditions; and to carry out standards related to the prevention and control of electronic information product pollution. Pollution prevention and control of electronic information products related to standard research and revision work, especially to speed up the development of the industry's urgent need for materials, processes, terminology, test methods and test methods and other basic standards.
Edit RoHS impact on China's electronics industry
According to the latest data from the China Electrical Appliance Industry Association (CEAIA), in the first quarter of 2004, China's exports of electromechanical products accounted for 55% of China's exports. The European Union has become the main market for China's exports of electromechanical products, and it has become the main market for China's exports of electromechanical products. The traditional Chinese medicine and electrical products have become the main export market of China's mechanical and electrical products, and the EU has become the main export market of China's mechanical and electrical products. The Mu Bang Hydra oHS directive makes nearly 27 billion U.S. dollars of China's mechanical and electrical products face the EU's environmental barriers.
The Chinese government has been giving close attention and research countermeasures, the State Council specifically tasked the Ministry of Information Industry is responsible for the EU environmental protection directives for research and response work. The Ministry of Information Industry has completed the Administrative Measures for the Prevention and Control of Pollution of Electronic Information Products, which was formulated in accordance with the Cleaner Production Promotion Law and the Law on Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes and other relevant laws and regulations, and came into effect on January 1, 2005, and is expected to be implemented by the end of this year.
The Administrative Measures for the Prevention and Control of Pollution from Electronic Information Products stipulates that, since July 1, 2006, electronic information products listed in the catalog of key prevention and control of pollution from electronic information products shall not contain lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polymerized brominated biphenyls (PBB) ethyl ether and polymerized brominated biphenyls (PBB) or any other toxic or hazardous substances. For the period prior to July 1, 2006, the Chinese government required manufacturers of electronic information products to implement measures to reduce the production of toxic and hazardous substances and actively seek alternatives.
At the same time, a working group on standards for the prevention and control of pollution from electronic information products has begun preparations for its establishment. The main task of the group is to study and establish standards for the prevention and control of pollution from electronic information products in line with China's national conditions, and to carry out research on and formulate standards for the prevention and control of pollution from electronic information products, in particular, to speed up the development of urgently needed materials, materials, and materials for the prevention and control of pollution. The main task of the organization is to study and establish standards for pollution prevention and control of electronic information products in line with China's national conditions, and to carry out research and formulation of standards related to pollution prevention and control of electronic information products, in particular, to speed up the formulation of the urgently needed basic standards for materials, processes, testing methods and experimental methods.
Editing the significance of the implementation of the RoHS Directive
The deadline for the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive to come into effect (July 2006) has come and gone, and this is a fact that is known to the global electronics industry.
The RoHS Directive is undoubtedly good for the environment, but it is a costly task that increases costs and resources for manufacturers, distributors and users. The increased costs are related to the effort to recognize and manage the need for RoHS and encompass everything from technology to inventory management, forecasting, part number management, communication and documentation.
Inventory Forecasting and Management
Forecasting is a delicate and complex matter, regardless of whether or not new laws and regulations are in place to guide it. For example, semiconductor manufacturers that utilize third-party assembly plants must accurately forecast raw materials such as substrates, leadframes, and molding compounds. To ensure the accuracy of such forecasts, semiconductor companies must understand user requirements, including the list of exemptions from the RoHS directive.
As semiconductor companies continue to introduce new products, forecasting becomes increasingly complex, as most new products are affected by the RoHS Directive. So it begs the question: If a new product is released before the July 2006 deadline, is it better to make a package that complies with the RoHS Directive first, or is it better to make a product that contains lead first? Of course, suppliers can trace back their own raw materials to make predictions, but this is more difficult because there is no readily available historical data or existing user base that can be used as a valid reference.
Raw material products such as substrates have certain expiration dates, which further adds to the complexity of forecasting and inventory management. If the usage of these materials is overestimated and the expiration date is about to be reached, the materials are retested or scrapped altogether. Either way, the manufacturer is wasting resources in terms of time and money. Conversely, if raw materials are underestimated, production lead times are lengthened, which in turn lengthens customer lead times.
After repeated comparisons, semiconductor companies tend to book more raw materials from assemblers to ensure supply, because additional materials will require long lead times. However, this is not without cost. Overbooking can cause demand to outstrip supply, leading to higher prices and even longer lead times for suppliers.
It's extremely difficult to predict when users will need devices and which products will ultimately be RoHS-compliant, made even more difficult by the fact that users affected by the RoHS Directive are also transitioning at different paces. If a user suddenly switches from standard products to RoHS-compliant devices without notifying the manufacturer, especially if the supplier has been making standard products to keep up with the user's demand, the manufacturer's inventory is bound to be wrong. Similarly, if a user doesn't switch to RoHS-compliant devices as quickly as the distributor anticipated, or if the user receives a RoHS waiver, the inventory will sit on the shelf and eventually be returned to the manufacturer as inventory turnover.
For those who are exempt from the directive, some semiconductor companies will take the step of continuing to supply RoHS-compliant as well as standard lead-containing devices. Inventory levels will increase especially if the decision is made to support both devices. If a user uses a contract manufacturer (CM), this will inevitably create a problem for the distributor. Typically, distributors supply CMs through the sales channel, and if non-RoHS-compliant materials are being passed through the sales channel and the CM switches to RoHS-compliant devices without prior warning, there will be a shortage of RoHS-compliant devices in stock. In addition, if the distributor has an excess of standard components on hand, they are also likely to be returned to the manufacturer.
We can understand that distributors, like manufacturers, are wary of overstocking their products. The problems associated with excess inventory can have a significant impact on the number of days of open inventory, which can increase a manufacturer's inventory costs and potentially reduce the book value of the inventory. Furthermore, once money is tied up in the wrong amount of inventory, it becomes difficult for the manufacturer to make other products for users. So where's the bottom line? It's a clear timeline and plan for users, distributors, and manufacturers to convert from leaded devices to RoHS-compliant devices, which is the key to accurate inventory forecasting.
Part numbering and product labeling
Manufacturers' part numbering practices have had a greater impact than almost any other factor on every RoHS-related business in the electronics industry. Some manufacturers are trying to change their part numbers to differentiate between RoHS-compliant and non-RoHS-compliant products, but this risks creating a double-stocking problem; others are using date codes or revision numbers to differentiate between RoHS-compliant and non-RoHS-compliant products. There is no standard for how manufacturers should name RoHS-compliant devices, so the industry is using a variety of labeling methods, further complicating the issue.