The 21st century is known as the biological century, which shows that the impact of biological technology on human beings is enormous. Biological technology permeates many areas of social life, food production of genetically modified soybeans, beer, lean meat pigs, high-quality cotton and animal leather used for clothing, the production and development of vaccines and medicines in medicine and the application of in vitro fertilization technology, and the gradual popularization and promotion of bio-energy such as biogas, ethanol and so on, all of which contain the application of biological technology. As a discipline with great significance and development potential, the secondary disciplines under biology include microbiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, botany, cell biology, biopharmaceuticals and other major traditional disciplines. At the same time, with the development of biotechnology, some new sub-disciplines have emerged, such as bioinformatics, genetic engineering, marine biology and so on.
Microbiology: microbial pharmaceuticals are the hottest
Microbiology is one of the earliest sub-disciplines of biology, and its general direction of research can be divided into basic microbiology and applied microbiology two categories. In the training of basic microbiology, students are required to master a solid theoretical foundation, with innovative thinking, good English reading ability and literature review ability, as well as good writing skills. Graduates in this direction can be engaged in research and teaching in research institutes and schools. And in the training of applied microbiology, in addition to the above training requirements, some majors also require students to master the use of bioengineering equipment principles.
Microbiology is a large discipline in biology, and students enrolled in different directions will be in different employment situations. If you study in a discipline that favors basic theoretical research, you will generally have no choice but to work in a university or research institute, and these organizations have high requirements for recruiting candidates, generally requiring them to obtain a doctoral degree. If the specialty is oriented to the application of the field, the employment options are much broader, can go to enterprises, government departments, schools engaged in production, testing and teaching and other work. Currently, among microbiology majors, the more popular research directions are bioenergy and microbial pharmaceuticals, especially in pharmaceuticals, and the employment rate is always high. Biochemistry and molecular biology: microcosmic biology
Biochemistry and molecular biology is mainly from the micro that is the molecular point of view to study biological phenomena, involving physics, chemistry, mathematics, biology and other disciplines of the cross. Biochemistry and molecular biology is permeated by other specialties in biology, and is a basic research specialty. There is little difference between the different research directions under the program, but because the program is more theoretical, students are required to have a good command of English so that they can access a variety of specialized literature later.
The graduates of this major mostly work in the laboratory, in addition, criminal investigation and medical testing will also involve the DNA analysis technology, PCR technology, etc., so the graduates of this major can also go to work in the public security system or medical institutions. Due to the high requirements for laboratory equipment, and the current domestic biotechnology industrialization level is low, the recruitment of graduates of the specialty of enterprises and schools are not many, if you can get a doctoral degree or can go abroad for further study, there are more job opportunities. If the research direction of the major is related to drugs, there are also more job opportunities.
Biochemistry and molecular biology is a fast-growing discipline with a wide range of applications, and has a good future in the long run.
Cell Biology
It is a discipline that studies the functional structure, metabolism, and life activities of cells at the microscopic, ultramicroscopic, and molecular levels. From the current point of view, the rapid development of cell biology, in recent years, the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine have mostly given to scientists in this field.
Cloning and stem cell technologies are also often mentioned in disease research and drug development, and the future of the discipline is predictably bright.
Students who study cell biology can engage in both theoretical research and the development and production of drugs and agricultural products after graduation.
Currently, in the field of theoretical research, research about diseases is a big hit, especially about tumors, which is the hotspot among hotspots.
In the production, there are also many enterprises use cell engineering technology to manufacture vaccines, erythropoietin, virus insecticides and crop seedlings and other biological products.
Cell biology in the country can be called a new biology discipline, due to the emergence of a short period of time, the domestic in the discipline has a strong strength of the institutions are not many.
Botany: a basic discipline with a high level of research
Botany is an ancient discipline that studies the classification, morphology, physiology, genesis, heredity and evolution of plants. It is mainly divided into five research directions: plant taxonomy, plant morphology, plant genetics, plant physiology and plant ecology. Botany is of great significance in scientific research and application. In scientific research, it belongs to the basic disciplines; in application, it can make significant contributions to environmental protection, agricultural production and the development of medicinal plants.
Botany graduates will have different employment status according to their different research directions. On the whole, most are engaged in teaching and research. But you don't have to engage in botanical research work, botanical knowledge can also be used in other scientific research areas. For example, some gardening units, pharmaceutical companies, seed companies and government departments will recruit this professional talents.
Physiology
Compared with the emergence of cell biology and other disciplines, the domestic botanical research level is higher than more colleges and universities. Physiology is the study of the law of life activities of the organism and the function of the components of the organism, as well as the study of physiological changes in biological response to the environment. According to the different research objects, physiology can be subdivided into microbial physiology, plant physiology, animal physiology and human physiology. Among these, pathophysiology is derived from human physiology.
For graduates majoring in physiology, medical research departments and pharmaceutical companies are the ideal employers. These departments have a high demand for talent, but the degree of professional counterparts also requires a high degree, that is, the recruitment of the target physiology should be studied in the direction of the human body or pathology. If the study of plant or animal direction, the ideal place to go or research institutes or universities.
Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics is a computer, statistics, mathematics and biomedical intersection of emerging disciplines. The discipline has become an important tool for biological research and is currently a popular discipline. The current research direction of the discipline includes bioinformatics software, technology platform development, gene and genome evolution. Graduates of this discipline can be employed in research organizations and medical departments.
Marine Biology
Marine biology is the science of the phenomena, processes and laws of life in the ocean. The subjects of study in this discipline include the classification and distribution of marine organisms, the genetics and evolution of marine organisms, the growth, genetics, and physiology of organisms. Experts? s marine life science and marine biotechnology industry will be one of the most promising and hopeful fields for China to catch up with the productivity level of the developed countries in the world and realize the late-coming advantage and leapfrog development, so marine biology is a big hit in the current biology field. The graduates of this specialty have a broad employment prospect and can be employed in scientific research institutions, environmental protection, quarantine, aquatic and marine departments Section. In the discipline, based on the Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Molecular Neurotransduction Biology, there are excellent tutors such as Yuan Wenjun and Gao Wenyuan, among which Prof. Yuan Wenjun is also the vice president of the Chinese Physiological Society and the president of the Shanghai Society of Physiological Sciences, and he has achieved Remarkable results.
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