First, the principle of the composition of the logistics system, the components and design of the factors affecting the system has a holistic, comprehensive, sexual
The principle of the composition of the logistics system:
1, logistics system components have a good coordination between the elements (logistics elements according to a certain proportion of a reasonable combination of reasonable organization structure);
2, the exchange value between the elements can promote the performance of the system as a whole work;
3, the elements are not required to achieve or design on an individual basis, but the key lies in the composition of the logistics system of the integrated relationship between the elements. Logistics system components: human resources, financial elements, functional elements;
4, logistics facilities;
5, logistics equipment;
6, organization and management;
7, logistics information systems;
Factors affecting the design of the logistics system:
1, logistics service demand;
2, industry Competitiveness;
3, regional market differences;
4, logistics technology development;
5, the structure of the distribution channel;
6, economic development.
Second, the content and process of logistics system planning content generally includes:
1, customer service objectives (service level, functional positioning);
2, logistics network (site selection of logistics nodes, the number of logistics nodes, functions, transportation corridors);
3, logistics nodes of the internal layout;
4, warehousing system;
5, transportation management;
6, operation management;
7, management organization.
The levels of logistics system planning and design:
1, strategic level (long-term, more than a year, the number, size, and location of facilities; the choice of transportation modes; the development of purchasing policies; the functional positioning of logistics nodes; order selection);
2, strategic level; medium-term, shorter than a year, inventory positioning, the internal layout of the logistics node; the function of the logistics node; Logistics operation process; facilities and equipment selection;
3, the operational level: short-term, daily, hourly, the time to issue an order; determine the time to replenish the goods; determine the shipment procedure. The basic concept of the node *** logistics network is the carrier of logistics activities, its structure is composed of the implementation of the movement of the mission of the various lines (railroads, highways, air, waterways, etc.) and the implementation of the stop nodes of the two basic elements. Lines and nodes are interconnected and configured with each other, and their structure, composition, and contact information are different, forming a different logistics network.
All logistics activities are carried out on the line and node, the logistics activities carried out on the line is mainly transportation, logistics function elements in the other functional elements, are completed in the logistics node. Logistics node is an important part of the logistics system, logistics efficiency depends on the location of logistics nodes and functional configuration.
Functions and roles of the nodes
1, logistics processing functions;
2, convergence function (convergence function is manifested in: A, through the logistics node will be different modes of transport or the same mode of transport connected, through the multimodal transport, the realization of the collection of transport and transportation and trunk transportation and trunk transportation and trunk transportation of the convergence of the B, through the logistics node will be transportation, warehousing, processing, handling, packaging and other logistics functions linked to the logistics system. (B) through the logistics node of transportation, warehousing, processing, handling, packaging and other logistics functions linked to achieve the integration of logistics operations);
3, the information function;
4, the classification of the management function node
(1) transshipment logistics nodes;
(2) distribution centers;
(3) logistics centers;
(4) logistics parks logistics centers and distribution centers Difference between logistics center and distribution center (table)
Comparison items Logistics center Distribution center
Function More single Single or comprehensive
Scale Larger Can be large or small
Position in supply chain Distribution center downstream Logistics center upstream
Logistics characteristics Few varieties, large quantities, fewer suppliers Multi-species, small batches, multiple suppliers
III, The main process of integration of logistics system elements of the process of integration of logistics elements:
1, investigation and discovery of logistics services demand for logistics service providers;
2, checking the existing resources;
3, to determine the need to configure the logistics elements of the resource;
4, according to the needs of the design and planning of logistics integration program. The main measures of logistics elements integration:
1, the use of infrastructure (logistics nodes): the integration of logistics activities;
2, the configuration of logistics resources: the integration of logistics operations;
3, business process reengineering: integration of logistics links;
4, information technology: comprehensive integration, business process integration;
5, management system: Comprehensive integration.
Fourth, the goal of logistics system planning and design
1, good serviceability;
2, good rapid response capability;
3, powerful information function;
4, to achieve the scale of logistics services;
5, make full use of logistics resources.
V, the basic mode of logistics system planning
1, the minimum total cost strategy (is to seek the lowest fixed costs and variable costs of the combination);
2, the customer service strategy (decision-making based on the cost of the surface shifted to the variable cost of the combination);
3, the profitability of strategy (the logistics subsystems are the pursuit of profit as the goal);
4, competitive advantage strategy (a logistics management policy to prevent the loss of major customers by competitors for the purpose of logistics management)
Six, the logistics system planning groundwork and strategic objectives
1, the collection of information on the current logistics environment;
2, the collection of information on the needs of the future planning;
3, the demand for information to analyze the current logistics environment information collection:
3, the analysis of demand information. Collection of information on current logistics environment:
1. Basic operation information;
2. Transportation status information;
3. Warehouse status information;
4. Cargo characteristics information;
5. Logistics marketing status;
6. Supplier and user information;
7. Distribution location and distribution. Future planning demand information collection: enterprise operation strategy, commodity future demand forecast information, commodity category quantity change trend, logistics operation implementation limitation and scope, value-added function demand
Demand information analysis: demand factors can be divided into deterministic demand factors, policy demand factors
Logistics system positioning and strategy function formulation, logistics system planning main strategy Considerations include:
1, logistics channel structure strategy;
2, location network strategy;
3, customer service level strategy;
4, system integration strategy
Plan implementation objectives:
1, reduce logistics costs;
2, reduce inventory levels;
3, Improve customer service standards;
4, shorten the logistics cycle;
5, integration of upstream and downstream channel environment;
6, to support the retail channel strongholds;
7, to reduce the error rate of the logistics system;
8, to enhance the competitiveness of the logistics service;
9, to produce economies of scale of aggregation;
< p> 10, quickly grasp the marketing distribution information.VII, logistics system planning and design system planning is a recursive analysis of logic.
1, the analysis of basic planning information (quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis);
2, logistics system planning conditions set;
3, logistics operations demand functional planning;
4, facilities demand planning and selection;
5, information systems planning quantitative analysis:
1, category and quantity analysis
2, cargo characteristics analysis;
3, demand change forecast analysis;
4, storage and transportation units and quantity analysis;
Qualitative analysis:
1, operation timing analysis;
2, manpower demand analysis;
3, operation process analysis;
4, operational function demand analysis;
4, operational function demand analysis;
5, information system planning Analysis;
5, transaction flow analysis;
6, transportation route analysis
Analysis of basic planning information
1, logistics order trend analysis;
2, commodity category and quantity analysis;
3, the characteristics of the goods and storage and transportation unit analysis;
4, logistics and information flow analysis.
Logistics system planning conditions set:
1, the basic storage and transportation unit planning;
2, the basic operation of energy planning;
3, automation degree planning.
Logistics operation area facilities:
1, container facilities;
2, storage equipment;
3, order picking equipment;
4, material handling equipment;
5, distribution processing equipment;
6, logistics periphery with equipment.
Logistics operations demand function planning:
1, the basic principles (rationalization, simplicity, mechanization);
2, logistics center operation area demand function planning;
3, storage area storage and transportation planning (turnover rate estimation method, commodity delivery frequency estimation method);
4, picking area storage and transportation planning;
5, material flow balance analysis.
VIII, distribution center planning content and methods distribution center is the concentration of goods, shipping, storage, packaging, processing, classification, distribution, distribution, information place or business entity.
The work of the distribution center, including receipt and inspection of goods, handling, storage, loading and unloading, sorting, distribution, delivery, information processing and connection with suppliers and retailers.
1, to census the object of logistics;
2, the analysis and prediction of the flow of goods;
3, the investigation of logistics information processing;
4, the investigation of the content of the logistics and distribution operations;
5, the conditions of entry and exit shipments;
6, the study of commodity storage form; Class A, pallet, forklift, warehouse direct Stacking; Class B, three-dimensional shelves; Class C, gravity shelves
Planning methods:
1, the rules of custody inventory (rules of inventory goods configuration, inventory number addressing system);
2, the determination of the size of the distribution center;
3, the design process of the distribution center;
4, the research of the distribution center planning
Configuration of inventory goods, can be based on the IQ curve to facilitate planning
The vertical axis indicates the number of commodities Q, the horizontal axis indicates the number of types I, to the horizontal axis of the A, B, C, D four groups of classified, in turn, can be defined as follows: Group A, the least varieties of goods, the largest amount of goods shipped, loaded on the pallet; Group B, the fewer varieties of goods shipped in large quantities into the palletized racks; Group C, more varieties of goods shipped into the gravity racks, into the small amount of goods shipped Group C, more varieties, less shipments of goods, into the gravity shelves; Group D, more varieties, less shipments of goods, into the storage of boxes for the unit of small shelves.
Inventory number addressing system for all locations in the commodity inventory area, coded similar to the door number of the number, according to this number to the in and out of the warehouse instructions.
Distribution center size determination, 1, consider the method, the fundamental basis for determining the size of the distribution center is: the warehouse put into operation, each unit of out-of-stock goods inventory maintenance costs (i.e., custodial costs), therefore, it is necessary to design the appropriate size of the logistics facilities. 2, the forecast of the volume of shipments and the determination of the inventory policy, the volume of shipments should be predicted as a precondition for the distribution center to prepare for the variety of commodities to determine the Distribution center warehouse requirements is the principle of: A type of goods ready rate of 100%, B for 95%, C for 90%. 3, storage efficiency and inventory turnover, general storage warehouses than circulation warehouses with high storage efficiency, storage efficiency and stacking by a great relationship between the way to improve the distribution center to improve the efficiency of the storage, reduce the cost of maintaining inventory per unit of merchandise to accelerate inventory turnover, and strive for economic efficiency. Inventory management organically united.
Distribution center design process:
1, research and analysis of the flow of goods;
2, the forecast of the flow of goods (when opened, 3 years later, 6 years later);
3, research on the logistics function, research on the logistics system, research on the intelligence system, site selection;
4, the outline of the system design program;
5, the system's basic Design;
6, system expansion preliminary design (including machinery);
7, system detailed design, building technology design, information processing program design, investment calculation. Distribution center planning research: logistics function survey plan, site conditions survey plan, logistics system survey plan, information system survey plan
Logistics function survey plan:
A. Commodity
1, business commodities: custodial varieties, business varieties
2, the object of the shipment: the location (time and distance), the amount of distribution, distribution units, delivery methods< /p>
3, inbound units: location (time distance), volume, transportation units, methods, frequency
4, business situation: characteristics of classification analysis (1), handling characteristics: size, weight, shape, etc. (2), value characteristics: IQ (varieties, shipments) of the turnover rate of ABC analysis of the ultra-high-speed turnover high-speed turnover of medium-speed turnover of low turnover
5, the custody of goods distribution: Pallet as a unit, box as a unit, piece as a unit B, service level 1, order? Distribution frequency: daily, 2 times a week 2, Distribution unit: boxes, pieces 3, Wanted: the same day, the next day, the next two days 4, Distribution Objects: stores, other logistics strongholds 5, other C, the relevant laws and regulations Traffic and Transportation Law, the Warehouse Industry Law, etc.
Nine, Distribution Center Overall Design Overall planning and design of the logistics system design on the basis of the design must focus on solving the problem of the four areas:
1, the overall size of the determination (A, predicting the flow of goods, including the analysis of a large number of raw data of business operations over the years, and forecasting based on the planning and objectives of the development of enterprises; B, according to the standardized service and experience, to determine the amount of work per unit area of the quota, so as to determine the area of the workplace required for various logistical activities. C, the correlation of the distribution center layout; D, to determine the distribution center footprint);
Nine, the distribution center overall planning design is based on the logistics system design. (C, distribution center layout correlation analysis; D, to determine the distribution center footprint);
2, site selection principles: (distribution centers are generally located in the vicinity of the intersection of the ring road and trunk highways or railroads)
3, distribution base of the arrangement of the traffic (generally using the "one-way exercise, the principle of separate door entry and exit");
4, operation Platforms and parking lots (distribution centers often use platforms that are as high as the carriages holding pads, and the number of spaces is determined to adapt to the throughput of commodities) Distribution center fire fighting facilities are common: smoke alarm systems, fire hydrants, fire extinguishing equipment, automatic sprinkler systems, automatic carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system.
Familiar
First, the role of the logistics system mechanism 1, structure and function are unified; structure has a quantitative prescriptive, mainly in: the system is composed of a certain number of relevant elements, system elements in three-dimensional space with their own coordinates of existence, in a stable system, the arrangement between the elements should be relatively stable. The structure is qualitatively prescriptive, mainly in the interconnection and interaction of the elements of the system.
The stipulation of the system structure (quantity, type, spatial distribution) determines the comprehensiveness of the function
The qualitative stipulation of the system structure (the connection between the elements) determines the depth of the function
2. Competition and synergy (explaining the elements within the system as well as between the system and the environment, there is a holistic homogeneity. And there are individual differences); competition between the elements of the system is manifested in: goals, property rights, operation
Synergy between the elements of the system: adjust the goals of the elements, coordinate the property rights of the elements, and build a seamless interface of the elements.
Second, the meaning of the structure and function of the logistics system and the relationship between them structure refers to the system's internal components of the relative stability of the contact between the elements, the internal manifestation of the organizational order. Function refers to the nature of the system and the external environment interconnected and interacting with each other, ability, efficacy, is a relatively stable contact between the internal elements of the system, the organizational order of the spatial and temporal form of the external manifestations of the system function is the system elements of the spatial and temporal arrangement, the external manifestations of the interconnections.
The structure and function of the system are interconnected and affect each other, the structure determines the function, and the function is the external manifestation of the structure, and changing the structure can change the function.
Third, the function of the logistics system transportation, distribution, warehousing, loading and unloading, processing, packaging, information
Fourth, the logistics node location factors affecting the location of logistics nodes
1, the natural environmental factors (meteorological conditions, address conditions, hydrological conditions, topographic conditions);
2, the business environment factors (business environment, commodity characteristics, logistics, cost, service level);
2, the operating environment (business environment, commodity characteristics, logistics) Costs, service level);
3, infrastructure conditions (transportation conditions, public **** facility conditions);
4, other factors (use of land resources, environmental protection requirements, the surrounding conditions)
Principles of logistics node location, steps (ABC)
Location principles:
1, economic development centers in the region or city;
2, various modes of transportation overlap and intersection areas;
3, logistics resources are better areas;
4, land development resources are better areas;
5, to support the needs of industrial development;
6, in line with the characteristics of the regional logistics;
7, conducive to the optimization of the entire logistics network;
8, Favorable to the rational division of labor and coordination of various types of nodes;
9, regional management and human resources in better areas.
Site selection steps:
1, site constraints analysis;
2, collect and organize information;
3, address screening;
4, quantitative analysis;
5, evaluation of the results;
6, test;
5, logistics strategy and planning and operation of logistics strategies is the formulation of logistics systems. Objectives and related logistics activities to integrate all members of the organization, reduce interdepartmental conflicts, and the most effective use of limited resources to achieve the ultimate goal of the enterprise.
The more important logistics strategies include:
1, the importance of the logistics system;
2, the positioning of the logistics system;
3, the level of customer service. Logistics planning is a detailed statement of logistics strategy.
The content of logistics planning:
1, the scope of the logistics system and the specificity of the organizational hierarchy;
2, the objectives of the logistics subsystems that is, the development of policy;
3, the type and amount of resources required.
Logistics strategy planning variables four environment, organization, competitors, customers
Logistics strategy planning: logistics distribution strategy planning, logistics supply strategy planning, strategy planning to reduce logistics time, improve productivity strategy planning, international logistics strategy.
Logistics distribution strategy planning: customer factors, access factors (involving all intermediaries between the manufacturer and its final consumers), cargo factors, logistics management factors (refers to the delivery of goods to market and its associated costs)
The principle of the supply strategy is to make the flow of materials and production lines of goods can be at a minimum cost, in line with the needs of production.
Distribution strategy combines both the company's distribution system and distribution channels.
The principle of supply strategy planning is to enable the flow of materials and production lines of goods to meet the needs of production at the lowest possible cost, and the supply strategy minimizes the risk of disruption to the flow of goods.
There are two possible options for a supply strategy: through open market transactions and through backward integration.
International logistics strategy: There are three specific logistics strategies that must be considered,
1) how to supply the regional market;
2) how to produce;
3) how to select a specific country to produce the manufacturing equipment.
The choice of a global logistics strategy is influenced by a number of factors: the international division of labor, logistics efficiency and production strategy, government influence, financial factors and the corporate environment.
Strategic planning to reduce logistics time:
1. Just-in-time systems and rapid response systems;
2. Application of advanced technology;
3. Application of barcodes;
4. Effective customer response systems.
Logistics strategies to improve asset productivity: the strategy of direct delivery from the factory, the strategy of effective use of logistics equipment, third-party logistics service companies or contract logistics companies or logistics operations outsourcing strategy.
Six, EIQ analysis order category quantity analysis method (EIQ) for logistics system system planning, from the point of view of customer orders of categories, quantities and ordering times, shipping characteristics of the analysis. E (order number of pieces of order entry), I (type of goods item), Q (quantity quantity), the logistics characteristics of the key factors, EIQ analysis is the use of E, I (type of goods item), Q (quantity quantity). EIQ analysis is the use of E, I, Q, the three logistics key factors, to study the characteristics of the logistics system, in order to carry out basic planning.
Steps:
1, the decomposition of the order shipment information;
2, the sampling of the order shipment information;
3, to be able to review the characteristics of the logistics system to match the logistics system equipment and its use of the system;
4, to be able to choose the logistics equipment;
5, to be able to do a simulation analysis;
6, To be able to carry out basic planning of logistics systems;
7. Statistical analysis of EIQ;
8. Graphical data analysis (the most important step in the process of quantitative data analysis). The use of EIQ analysis of the logistics system, can be summarized as follows: order content, ordering characteristics, ordering characteristics, distribution center characteristics, EIQ characteristics of EIQ analysis to quantitative analysis of the main, commonly used statistical techniques, including the average, minimum, total, Pareto analysis, the number of times the distribution and ABC analysis of the order quantity (EQ) analysis, the main understanding of a single order ordering the distribution of quantities. It can be used to determine the principles of order processing, the planning of the picking system, and will affect the shipping method and the planning of the shipping area. The analysis of the number of order categories (EN), the analysis of the number of single order shipping categories category quantity analysis (IQ): mainly to understand the distribution of various types of goods shipments, analyze the importance of the goods and the size of the shipment, used for the planning and selection of warehousing systems, warehouse space estimation, and will affect the way of picking and the planning of the picking area. Category by the number of orders (IK) analysis, the analysis of the number of shipments per single category.
VII, distribution center construction project project must go through: a clear goal, decide the scope of the system, study the economic and technical feasibility, preparation of the implementation plan, the study of the entire logistics system process.
1, a new distribution center, there must be its motivation (lack of capacity, expand market share, scattered strongholds, equipment obsolescence, reduce costs, improve the quality of logistics services, environmental changes);
2, the distribution center is a multi-functional, intensive logistics strongholds, it has the circulation of marketing, warehousing and storage, picking and sorting, distribution processing, distribution, information processing and transmission And other functions;
3, to effectively study the location of the new distribution center in the overall logistics system;
4, the determination of the investment plan (should be from the point of view of logistics costs to determine whether the scale of investment in the distribution center is reasonable.) . Distribution center internal logistics operations: incoming, storage, inventory, order processing, picking, replenishment, shipping, distribution operations.
VIII, distribution center shelving system to improve shelf storage area and space utilization there are three ideas:
1, increase the depth of shelves (double-depth shelves, multi-depth shelves, drive-in shelves, high-density mobile shelves also known as gravity shelves);
2, reduce the number of channels between the shelves (mobile shelves, C);
3, reduce the width of the channel, increase the shelf width. The width of the channel, increase the height of the shelves (using narrow aisle or super-narrow aisle shelves, using automated high-rise shelving warehouse) automated high-rise shelving warehouse consists of several parts: high-rise shelves, aisle stacking cranes, around the in and out of the handling system, the management control system
Optimization of the way:
1, should be based on different types of commodities, the use of different types of storage forms, the implementation of Diversified storage;
2, should be able to adapt, convenient, conducive to picking operations;
3, should be able to promote the quality of distribution services;
4, make full use of space, saving land;
5, should be combined with the national conditions, the choice of simple and affordable storage and access handling facilities: structure is refined, easy to maintain the operation, the price is low, easy to buy and do.
6, should use modern warehouse management (WMS) software. Ordinary pallet racking is also known as selectable racking. To improve storage density must be racking, aisle, forklift combined consideration.
Pallet size ISO regulations 800 * 1100, commodity height of 1200, together with the thickness of the pallet, the overall size of the pallet load 800 * 110 * 1300 nine. Distribution center picking system picking is according to the customer order form requirements, the various types of goods picked set together for distribution.
Five elements of picking operations: picking unit (pallet picking, box picking, single product picking), picking mode (order picking, batch picking), picking strategy (shorten the time to accept the order, shorten the time to pick information processing, shorten the time to pick the shipment), picking information processing, picking equipment
Picking equipment:
1, on the picking forklifts or alley machine (tray-box picking most of the use of pallet racking, with the top picking forklift and alley machine);
2, picking mobile shelves (a simple construction of lightweight gravity shelves, suitable for box-box, box-piece, the advantages are: A, first-in-first-out, the use of quality; B, the front of the picking, the back of the replenishment, the advantages are: A, first-in-first-out, the use of quality; B, the front of the picking, the back of the replenishment, the advantages are Picking, behind the replenishment, can work at the same time, complementary interference; C, the commodities picking surface intensification, picking convenient, save time and effort, save storage area; D, the first box in front of the box, can be used for box - piece of zero picking);
3, computer-assisted picking system (can be realized without a single picking);
4, rotary shelves, A, horizontal rotary Shelves, no single picking, "goods on the person", mainly for small goods picking, advantages: simple construction, investment is relatively provincial; diverse forms; high efficiency; space province; B, multi-layer horizontal rotary shelves, is a layered rotary shelves; C, vertical rotary shelves.
5, automatic picking, for "pieces - pieces" of hot small commodities, especially for cosmetics. Commonly used special shelves are: narrow-channel high-level shelves, multi-deep pallet racking, dense gravity shelves, automated high-level shelves.
The main components of the automatic sorting system: receiving conveyor, merge conveyor, feeding conveyor, sorting instruction setting device, sorting conveyor and sorting mechanism, sorting and unloading channel, computer controller circulation area mostly using high-speed slider type automatic sorting machine.
Understanding
First, logistics network planning logistics organization networking refers to the organization of logistics management, logistics business, logistics resources and logistics information and other elements of the organization in accordance with the network approach in a certain market area for the planning, design, implementation, in order to achieve the logistics system rapid response and total cost of ownership and other requirements.
The core of the design of logistics network structure is to determine the number and location of various types of facilities needed to undertake logistics work (function), as well as their respective functions.
1, the concept of logistics nodes; 2, the function and role of logistics nodes; 3, the classification of logistics nodes; 4, logistics systems and logistics nodes; 5, logistics node site selection model.
Second, logistics program evaluation and selection of program evaluation options
1, advantages and disadvantages of the enumeration method; 2, factor analysis; 3, point evaluation method; 4, weighted value analysis; 5, cost comparison method; 6, based on the AHP (Hierarchical Analysis Method) based program evaluation three.
Distribution center logistics process and equipment selection
1, the basic principles of distribution center construction (the principle of systematic work, the principle of value engineering, as far as possible to achieve the principle of process, equipment, management of science);
2, shelf storage system;
3, the optimization of shelf storage system;