1, with corrosive, toxic, flammable, reactive or infectious and other one or more hazardous characteristics;
2, does not rule out the existence of hazardous characteristics, may cause harmful effects on the environment or human health, need to be managed in accordance with hazardous waste.
Types:
1, solid waste;
2, liquid waste.
Hazardous waste hazards:
1, damage to the ecological environment. Arbitrary discharge, storage of hazardous waste in the rain groundwater long-term infiltration, diffusion effect, will pollute the water and soil, reduce the environmental function of the region level.
2, affect human health. Hazardous waste through ingestion, inhalation, skin absorption, eye contact and cause toxicity, or cause combustion, explosion and other hazardous events; long-term hazards, including repeated exposure to long-term poisoning, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, mutagenicity and so on.
3, constraints on sustainable development. Hazardous waste is not treated or not standardized treatment and disposal of pollution caused by the atmosphere, water, soil, etc. will also become a bottleneck to constrain economic activity.
Hazardous waste treatment methods:
1, physical treatment: physical treatment is through the concentration or phase change to change the structure of solid waste? Make it easy to transport, storage, utilization or disposal of the form, including compaction, crushing, sorting, thickening, adsorption, extraction and other methods.
2, chemical treatment: chemical treatment is the use of chemical methods to destroy the harmful components of solid waste, so as to achieve harmlessness, or will be transformed into a form suitable for further treatment, disposal. Its purpose is to change the chemical properties of the treated material, thereby reducing its hazardous nature. This is a common pre-treatment measure before the final disposal of hazardous waste, and its treatment equipment is conventional chemical equipment.
3, biological treatment: biological treatment is the use of microorganisms to decompose the degradable organic matter in solid waste, so as to achieve harmless or comprehensive utilization. Biological treatment methods include aerobic treatment, anaerobic treatment and part-time anaerobic treatment. Compared with chemical treatment methods, biological treatment is generally economically cheaper? It is commonly used. However, the treatment process takes a long time and the treatment efficiency is not stable enough.
4, thermal treatment: thermal treatment is through high temperature to destroy and change the composition and structure of solid waste, while achieving the purpose of volume reduction, harmless or comprehensive utilization. Its methods include incineration, pyrolysis, wet oxidation and roasting, sintering and so on. Higher calorific value or toxicity of the waste using incineration treatment process for harmless treatment, and the recovery of incineration waste heat for comprehensive utilization and physical / chemical treatment as well as employee bathing, living, etc., to reduce the cost of treatment and waste of energy.
5, curing treatment: curing treatment is the use of curing substrates to fix or wrap the waste to reduce its harm to the environment, is a safer transportation and disposal of waste treatment process, mainly for hazardous waste and radioactive waste, the volume of the curing body is much larger than the volume of the original waste.