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Butyl lithium and ether reagent reaction
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Butyl lithium and ether reagent reaction, when NaOH solution When a small amount: chemical equation AlCl3 + 3NaOH = 3NaCl + Al(OH)3 ↓; ionization
Subequation: Al3+ +3OH- = Al(OH)3 ↓. When the NaOH solution in excess: chemical equation: AlCl3 + 3NaOH = 3NaCl + Al (OH) 3 ↓; Al (OH) 3 + NaOH = NaAlO2 + 2H2O; the total reaction equation: AlCl3 + 4NaOH = 3NaCl + NaAlO2 + 2H2O; ionic equation: Al3 + +4OH- = AlO2- + 2H2O. 2H2O; Ionic equation: Al3++4OH-=AlO2-+2H2O; Sub-equation: Al3+ +3OH-=Al(OH)3↓. When the NaOH solution in excess: chemical equation: AlCl3 + 3NaOH = 3NaCl + Al (OH) 3 ↓; Al (OH) 3 + NaOH = NaAlO2 + 2H2O; the total reaction equation: AlCl3 + 4NaOH = 3NaCl + NaAlO2 + 2H2O; ionic equation: Al3 + +4OH- = AlO2- + 2H2O. 2H2O
Answered on 2022-12-10
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Help: What can butyl lithium be used as a solvent besides ether?
Butyl lithium can be used in addition to ether to initiate the anionic polymerization of ****-conjugated diolefins. Through the active polymerization pathway, can be synthesized to specify the structure of the linear, star, block grafting, remote claw type polymer, can also be used to prepare low cis polybutadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, solution styrene butadiene rubber, thermoplastic rubber, liquid rubber, thermosetting resins, coatings, etc. 1, specifications and varieties of the commercially available butyllithium is generally a solution state, the concentration range of 0.8-2.5M, the solvent is generally available in hexane, Petroleum ether, benzene or toluene (xylene) and other stabilizing substances. 2, the range of indicators effective concentration: 0.8-2.5M (moles / liter) total alkali concentration - heterobasic alkali concentration *** Valence of chlorine: less than 0.1%. 3, synthesis method under argon protection, in 5000 ml three-mouth flasks add 3L hexane (or 60-90 petroleum ether), 140g (20mol) of lithium metal tablets will be washed with hexane (or 60-90 petroleum ether), and then the lithium metal tablets will be washed with hexane (or 60-90 petroleum ether). or 60-90 petroleum ether) washed, wearing disposable gloves, the lithium metal sheet quickly torn into small slices, added to 5000ml three-mouth bottle, loaded with mechanical stirring, ice-salt bath cooled to about 0 degrees (pay attention to the temperature is not too low, otherwise the initiation of the slower), to which 925g (10mol) chlorobutane drops, temperature control below 15 degrees (note that the reaction initiated by the violet-gray, the beginning of the reaction). Should be titrated more slowly, the reaction exothermic is more powerful, pay special attention to do not wash the material), add the end of the ice-salt bath temperature control below 15 degrees to continue stirring for 2 hours, and then remove the ice-salt bath, stirring at room temperature for 1 hour, and then changed to reflux device, gradually warming reflux for 4-5 hours, cooled to room temperature, leave the supernatant settlement overnight, the supernatant is butyl lithium solution, argon pressure to the storage bottle, the residue to add 2L of solvent stirring, settling Overnight, the supernatant is combined into the butyl lithium solution for backup.4, detection principle (1) the total base n-butyllithium hydrolyzed to generate lithium hydroxide, other alkaline impurities such as butyllithium will also be hydrolyzed to generate lithium hydroxide. Titration with a standard solution of hydrochloric acid, the total lithium concentration expressed as a percentage of the mass of butyl lithium (also known as the total base concentration). (2) Heterobasic n-butyllithium reacts with phenylmethyl chloride (benzyl chloride) to produce neutral lithium chloride, while alkaline impurities that do not react with phenylmethyl chloride are hydrolyzed to produce lithium hydroxide, which is titrated with a standard hydrochloric acid solution to give the concentration of heterobasic n-butyllithium in terms of its mass percentage. The difference between the two is the active butyl lithium concentration, the active butyl lithium concentration divided by the total lithium concentration for butyl lithium activity. (3) *** valence chlorine n-butyllithium solution hydrolyzed, chlorobutane residue in the organic phase, the use of organic phase of the different boiling points of substances, can be measured by gas chromatography, through the determination of the content of chlorobutane converted to *** valence chlorine. 5, transportation and packaging safety matters butyl lithium in contact with water and oxygen are prone to exothermic reaction, high concentration (greater than 1.0M) butyl lithium solution in contact with humid air is prone to rapid combustion, the container is generally low-boiling solvent within the container, the solvent is low boiling. The solvents in the packaging container are generally low boiling point flammable and explosive liquids, which can easily lead to an explosion once they are heated and expanded. (1) Packaging and transportation vehicles must be equipped with [2-3] hazardous chemicals transportation license, transport and escort personnel must be trained in the relevant knowledge of the product and qualified by the examination before participating in the transportation. Transportation vehicles must be prepared with dry powder fire extinguishers, dry asbestos cloth, some dry sand, etc., and covered with a good carport or raincover to prevent them from being exposed to water. Vessels must display the contents of Lithium Alkyls, UN2445, all vessels belong to Hazard Class 4.2 (4.3) and must be labeled Spontaneously Combustible and Dangerous When Wet. Cannot be shipped by mail, parcel, or air. Ocean Class 4.2 (IMDG), Ground Rail Class 4.2.3la (RID/ADR), Transportation in Europe must be marked: F Highly Flammable, C Corrosive, N Hazardous to the Environment, R&S Phase Hazardous to the Body by Inhalation, Oral Consumption, or by Absorption through the Skin. Strongly irritating to eyes, skin, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. Can cause chemical burns. After inhalation, it can cause death due to inflammation, spasm and edema of the larynx and bronchial tubes, chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary edema. Poisoning manifestations include burning sensation, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, laryngitis, headache, nausea and vomiting, and can cause disorders of the nervous system.
Final Choice Ru9331
Answered on 2013-11-28
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