Standard precautions:
Washing hands: when contact with blood, body fluids, excretions, secretions may be contaminated after taking off gloves, wash your hands or use a quick hand sanitizer to wash your hands.
Gloves: gloves should be worn when in contact with blood, body fluids, excretions, secretions, and broken skin and mucous membranes; gloves prevent the possibility of medical personnel transferring flora from their own hands to patients; gloves prevent medical personnel from becoming vectors of infectious microorganisms when they become contagious, i.e., preventing medical personnel from transmitting contaminated pathogens from the patient or the environment through the population. Always change gloves between patients; gloves are not a substitute for hand washing.
Face masks, goggles, and face shields: Wearing face shields and goggles also reduces the risk of infectious materials from patient fluids such as body fluids, blood, and secretions splashing into the eyes, mouth, and nasal mucous membranes of healthcare workers.
Standard precautions include hand washing, personal protective equipment (PPE), disinfecting or sterilizing medical supplies and medical equipment, environmental controls, and proper disposal of medical waste.
1, hand washing
When there is a possibility of contamination after contact with blood, body fluids, excretions, secretions, and after removing gloves, wash your hands or wash them with a rapid hand sanitizer.
2. Personal protective equipment
The correct use of personal protective equipment is required when handling blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions or other potentially infectious substances or when splashing of the above substances is expected, including medical gloves, masks, medical face shields, goggles, isolation gowns, waterproof aprons, waterproof shoes or shoe covers, and hats.
3, medical supplies and medical equipment for disinfection or sterilization
Disposal of blood, body fluids, secretions, excreta contaminated instruments and equipment, to prevent exposure of staff skin and mucous membranes, the contamination of the work clothes, so that pathogenic microorganisms spread to patients and contaminate the environment. Sharps that need to be reused should be placed in puncture-proof containers for transportation, handling and prevention of puncture wounds. Single-use sharps such as needles are placed in puncture-proof, leak-proof containers for harmless disposal.
4, environmental control
Attention to environmental control, daily cleaning and sanitation of the environment.
5, the correct disposal of medical waste
In the treatment and transportation of blood, body fluids, secretions, excreta contaminated clothing, clothing, to prevent the medical staff skin exposure, contamination of uniforms and the environment. The reused clothes are placed in a special bag and transported to a designated place for cleaning, disinfection and prevention of contamination during transportation.
Standard precaution means that all patients' blood, body fluids and items contaminated by blood and body fluids are considered infectious source materials, and medical staff must take protective measures when they come into contact with these materials.
The purpose of implementing standard precautions is to prevent both the transmission of disease from patients to medical personnel and the transmission of disease from medical personnel to patients. Standard prophylaxis is to be taken for all operations such as diagnosis, treatment, and care for patients throughout the entire process, regardless of whether the patient is diagnosed or suspected of contracting an infectious disease.
Standard prophylaxis techniques include basic measures such as hand washing, wearing gloves, isolation gowns, and protective eyewear and face masks.