What are the difficulties in the application and promotion of agricultural Internet of Things?

From central to local, from urban to rural, the Internet of Things has been applied and demonstrated in industry, agriculture, transportation, logistics, urban management, environmental protection, public security, medical care, home and other fields. The application of Internet of Things has made remarkable achievements in some fields, which has improved the efficiency and quality of production or life to a certain extent. But in fact, there are still many problems in the application and promotion of the Internet of Things, as well as personality problems related to domain attributes. Agricultural Internet of Things is facing a huge demand. Although China is a big agricultural country, its agricultural production mode is backward, its productivity level is low, and its scientific and technological content is not high. In recent years, new problems such as farmland environmental pollution have emerged, which have threatened food security. At present, the combination of modern agricultural precision production and Internet of Things technology has a huge market demand space. It is hoped that with the help of Internet of Things technology, the agricultural development mode will be accelerated, the progress and innovation of agricultural science and technology will be promoted, and the land output rate, resource utilization rate and labor productivity will be improved. After combing, the application of Internet of Things in agricultural production mainly includes three aspects: agricultural resources and ecological environment monitoring. Realize real-time monitoring, scientific deployment and unified management of resources and environment. First, through the integration of various sensor technologies, the type, grade and quality indicators of agricultural land and key indicators such as hydrology and water quality of agricultural water resources are automatically monitored, so as to realize the rapid monitoring and management of the integration of quantity, grade and quality of agricultural land and water resources. Second, through the integration of various eco-environmental sensing technologies, agricultural eco-environmental pollution, agricultural non-point source pollution and air pollution indicators that are harmful to crop growth are dynamically monitored to protect the agricultural eco-environment. Fine agricultural production management. The first is to realize intensive cultivation of grain crops, including remote pest diagnosis, remote precision fertilization, precision irrigation, precision pesticide application, intelligent yield measurement, intelligent command and dispatch of agricultural machinery, and intelligent distribution of agricultural materials logistics. The second is to realize the healthy breeding of livestock and poultry, including automatic feeding, automatic management and automatic monitoring, optimize feed conversion rate, improve the breeding system of improved varieties, and improve the quality and safety level of cultured products and the ability of disease prevention and control. The third is to realize refined facility agriculture, realize accurate monitoring of facility environment, improve output and quality, and reduce production costs. The fourth is to realize the fine management of orchard, realize the accurate control of water, fertilizer and medicine, prevent the harmful behavior of pests and diseases, and improve the quality and yield of fruit. The quality and safety of agricultural products can be traced back. By identifying agricultural and livestock products (such as meat, poultry, vegetables, dairy products, seafood, etc. ), realize traceability, data sharing and transparent management from production, processing, transportation to sales, ensure quality and safety, and expand the sales of agricultural products. Internet of Things technology is not only used in agricultural production, but also combined with the needs of infrastructure, ecological environment, cultural life and social security in the construction of new countryside. For example, by strengthening the monitoring of rural infrastructure such as roads, hydropower, broadcasting, communications and other supporting facilities, the quality of life of farmers can be improved, and by strengthening the monitoring of farmers' living ecological environment, natural disasters such as landslides and mudslides can be warned in advance to ensure the safety of farmers' lives and property, so that farmers and urban residents can equally enjoy the benefits brought by scientific and technological progress. In recent years, the application practice of Internet of Things in agricultural production mainly focuses on the monitoring of production environment, soil moisture, agricultural product quality traceability and grain storage and transportation. And the application has been carried out brilliantly, but in the process of implementation, three problems in the application and promotion of the Internet of Things in the agricultural field have also been exposed:-The existing agricultural production and management model has restricted the large-scale development of the Internet of Things application. At present, China's agriculture is basically a small-scale peasant economy with household contract and decentralized management, which is not suitable for the large-scale promotion of Internet of Things applications. Individual farmers can only buy their own equipment to deploy soil nutrient detection, formula fertilization and other applications, which is high in cost, high in risk and not obvious. At present, the agricultural development in protected areas has improved, because the greenhouse or orchard has small scope, strong controllability, convenient management and balanced cost and benefit. However, the real agricultural production and application should be oriented to large-scale outdoor fields instead of greenhouses, and the lack of unified large-scale planning and management in outdoor fields is the fundamental problem that hinders the large-scale popularization of agricultural Internet of Things applications. -Internet of Things application infrastructure construction costs are high, and its popularization and application are difficult. IoT applications need to deploy sensors. Agricultural sensors are mostly chemical sensors such as soil monitoring and water quality monitoring, and the high cost of sensors is a bottleneck that is difficult to break through. For example, sensors for measuring temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide concentration are expensive, and the later maintenance cost is high, while the profit rate of crops is generally low, and the input-output ratio of Internet of Things application deployment is not high, which makes farmers reluctant to deploy. Therefore, the application of the Internet of Things is not suitable for ordinary crops at present, and can only be used to grow crops that are insensitive to cost, such as precious flowers, fruits and medicinal materials. -Internet of Things technology products are not yet mature, and the equipment performance is far lower than the application expectation. Like other industrial applications, such as environmental protection, the reliability, stability, accuracy and other performance indicators of the sensor can not meet the application requirements, and the overall quality level of the product needs to be improved. Such as soil moisture monitoring sensor, carbon dioxide concentration sensor, leaf surface analyzer and other technologies and equipment are still immature, and the equipment needs to be exposed to the natural environment of farmland for a long time, and it will withstand the test of scorching sun and storm, and often fails, which seriously affects its use. Word of mouth of some users shows that similar sensor equipment needs to be maintained for three years for imported products and three months for domestic products, so the performance gap is very large. Although the price of domestic products is dominant, it has seriously affected the effect of application realization and greatly dampened the enthusiasm of users. The tag dropping rate of ear tags used for pig traceability is high, and the RFID reading distance is unstable due to humidity, which is often misunderstood. In addition, the operability of products (including software) also needs to be improved. In view of the present situation of decentralized management of agricultural production, it is suggested that when promoting the application of Internet of Things in agricultural production, we should first find a farm collective economy that can carry out large-scale land management, and then organize retail investors to implement Internet of Things application projects in administrative villages or towns to realize unified procurement and intensive deployment of equipment and solutions, so as to enhance confidence, reduce costs, differentiate risks and improve efficiency. In view of the immature technical products related to the Internet of Things, poor performance of sensor products and high cost, it is suggested that solution providers establish close cooperative relations with farmers and owners. In the process of implementation, we should constantly adjust the requirements and product functions and performance. By timely feedback of product performance defects, manufacturers can improve and optimize their products and solutions in time, and constantly improve their technical level and product quality. At the same time, business models can also be innovated, such as renting agents and purchasing services, reducing risks and deployment costs.