Article 29 of the regulations stipulates that radioactive devices must be disposed of safely before decommissioning. The high-voltage radioactive tubes in the radioactive devices must be disassembled and defunctionalized by the user. In addition, building materials and decorative materials that use industrial waste and stone processing should comply with the national radionuclide control standards for building materials. Operators are not allowed to operate products without product radionuclide testing reports.
The regulations stipulate that local people's governments at all levels and their urban and rural planning authorities organize the preparation of city and town master plans, regulatory detailed plans, and rural plans, and should include electricity, communications, radio and television and other facilities and equipment that may have an impact on the electromagnetic environment. Plan the layout content and consider the impact of facilities and equipment on electromagnetic environment-sensitive targets such as residences, schools, hospitals, and office buildings.
Article 24 of the regulations stipulates that diagnostic and treatment institutions that use radioactive isotopes should set up special wards to receive patients for radionuclide diagnosis and treatment until the radioactive activity in the patient's body meets national standards. In addition, for operators of electromagnetic radiation facilities and equipment, the regulations also require that relevant operating units submit an electromagnetic environmental protection report for the previous year to the environmental protection department every year, which should include pollution prevention and control measures, environmental monitoring, environmental complaint handling, etc.
News link:
"Sichuan Provincial Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Radiation Pollution" passed by vote
On March 29, the widely watched "Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Radiation Pollution in Sichuan Province" (referred to as the "Regulations") was voted and passed at the second plenary session of the 24th session of the Standing Committee of the 12th Provincial People's Congress. How to ensure that radiation facilities and equipment do not produce pollution? How to rectify excessive emissions? Will radioactive building materials still be purchased? Regarding these hot issues, Yang Youyi, director of the Radiation Source Safety Supervision Division of the Provincial Environmental Protection Department, gave a highlight interpretation of the regulations that day and said that in order to implement Legislating for the people, the regulations put forward more stringent regulatory requirements for various carriers that may produce radiation environmental pollution, that is, while ensuring the safety of the radiation environment, they also protect legal construction and operations and promote the healthy and orderly development of Sichuan's economy and society.
Strengthening supervision: If the built facilities exceed the standards, they must be managed and decommissioned facilities must be disposed of safely.
What is radiation pollution, and how far is it from our lives? Yang Youyi explained that the carrier that generates radiation does not mean that there is radiation pollution. Only those whose radiation emissions exceed the national standard limit are the targets of pollution prevention and control. "The ionizing radiation covered by the regulations is commonly known as 'radioactivity', and comes from X-rays, CTs in hospitals, mines and nuclear facilities that produce associated radioactivity, etc.; electromagnetic radiation is the well-known radiation produced by substations, mobile communication base stations, radio and television towers, etc. Electromagnetic fields, etc.
Among them, electromagnetic radiation pollution has become a hot spot for public environmental complaints in recent years. Article 36 of the Regulations provides a clear response to this, requiring users and operators of electromagnetic radiation facilities and equipment to take effective distance control, shielding and other preventive measures to ensure that the electromagnetic environmental impact on sensitive targets in the surrounding environment complies with national standards; If the national standards are met, governments at or above the county level and environmental protection departments will order them to be rectified within a time limit; if they still fail to meet the requirements after rectification, they will be ordered to stop use and operation in accordance with the law.
What means can be used to achieve the governance effect? ??Yang Youyi explained that measures such as raising the height of power transmission and transformation lines, changing the antenna transmission direction of mobile phone base stations, and reducing the transmission power of TV towers are all effective; if the governance is not up to standard, it will be deactivated and must be used. If the standards cannot be met, the last resort is to relocate the equipment (facilities).
Similarly, for radioactive devices that are no longer in use, if they are disposed of unsafely, they will cause harm to the world. Article 29 of the regulations stipulates that radioactive devices must be disposed of safely before decommissioning, and the high-voltage radioactive tubes in the radioactive devices must be dismantled and defunctionalized by the user. What is the practical significance of this provision? Yang Youyi said that such an incident happened in reality. A young man in his 20s wanted to increase his height. He heard that stimulating the pituitary gland with a ray device could help him grow taller, so he privately purchased an undisassembled second-hand ray. The device, after self-irradiation, produced serious consequences such as aphasia and amnesia. Even if defunctionalized ray devices enter the market illegally, they will not produce radiation pollution.
Daily prevention and control: highlight the responsibilities of enterprises (business) owners, self-improvement, and self-certification of innocence
In line with the purpose of making legislation for the people, the Regulations specify and refine the relevant provisions of higher-level laws such as the "Law on the Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution" in many places, highlighting the main responsibilities of enterprises (public institutions) and local governments in the prevention and control of radiation pollution. The responsibility of "covering the bottom".
As public environmental awareness increases, some people have conducted environmental tests after renovations. In recent years, the Provincial Environmental Protection Department has received many complaints questioning the radioactivity of decoration or building materials, such as natural stone and imitation granite floor tiles made from radioactive waste residue. wait. Article 27 of the regulations puts forward clear requirements for producers and operators: building materials and decorative materials that use industrial waste and stone processing should comply with the national radionuclide control standards for building materials; operators are not allowed to operate products without product radionuclide test reports. "When buying ceramic tiles, if the manufacturer cannot produce a product radionuclide test report, don't buy it." Yang Youyi said.
How did radioactive building materials enter the market? Yang Youyi said, for example, if the radioactive sources were originally stored in lead cans, but due to special reasons these lead cans were purchased as scrap metal, smelted into steel, and houses were built, there would be lasting consequences. Radioactive contamination. Article 23 of the regulations stipulates that scrap metal smelting enterprises should carry out radioactive testing of scrap metal raw materials in accordance with the law, classify and register their sources, and establish product traceability files, sales files and testing files; if abnormal monitoring results are found, they should report to the local environmental protection department in a timely manner.
Patients who have received radioactive interventional therapy may also be sources of radiation, and living with other patients may produce radiation contamination. However, many small and medium-sized hospitals in our province have not yet set up special wards for radiotherapy patients. In response to this practical problem, Article 24 of the Regulations stipulates that diagnostic and treatment institutions that use radioactive isotopes should set up special wards or places to receive patients for radionuclide diagnosis and treatment until the radioactive activity in the patient's body meets national standards.
For operators of electromagnetic radiation facilities and equipment such as electricity, radio and television, and mobile communications, the regulations urge them to continuously improve their radiation pollution prevention and control measures. Article 38 of the regulations requires that relevant operating units submit an electromagnetic environmental protection report for the previous year to the environmental protection department every year, which should include pollution prevention and control measures, environmental monitoring, and environmental complaint handling. Article 37 of the regulations also encourages relevant units to build supporting online electromagnetic radiation monitoring facilities and publish monitoring data. Yang Youyi believes that in order to submit a report, the prevention and control of radiation pollution cannot be superficial, and operating units must plan in advance and implement it concretely; taking the initiative to disclose monitoring information can also prove one's innocence, which is conducive to establishing a good relationship of mutual trust with the public and dispelling the public's "talk about radiation". "Change" concerns.
Radiation pollution is a serious matter, and local governments must "cover everything." Article 19 of the Regulations stipulates that if the responsible party for abandoned radioactive sources, radioactive waste or radioactive contaminated sites is unknown, the local government at or above the county level shall be responsible for organizing the processing, and the required funds shall be borne by the same level of finance.
Source prevention and control: New projects must first incorporate radiation environmental impact assessment into urban planning before they can be built
With economic and social development, the demand for mobile phones and electricity continues to increase, and complaints about electromagnetic radiation pollution have also hit new highs. For example, new substations often arouse strong resistance from surrounding residents. “My home doesn’t want to have a power outage, but I also don’t want a substation to be built near my home” – stories about the “NIMBY effect” continue to unfold. The public is worried about whether the electromagnetic radiation facilities around them will produce pollution and avoid them, but the demand for energy exists objectively.
In this regard, the regulations have been adjusted based on the principle of preventing radiation environmental pollution and protecting legal construction and operations. Yang Youyi interpreted Article 34, which stipulates that local governments and urban and rural planning departments should include electricity, communications, radio and television and other facilities and equipment that may produce electromagnetic environmental impacts or radiation pollution into urban general plans, detailed plans and rural plans. Layout content, and consider the impact of facilities and equipment on surrounding residential buildings, schools, hospitals, office buildings and other environmentally sensitive targets. Article 39 also stipulates that new construction projects that may produce radiation pollution must not conduct radiation environmental impact assessments in accordance with the law. , construction is not allowed. "In the future, when constructing such electromagnetic radiation facility projects, a radiation environmental impact assessment must be carried out first. Only if the assessment results are safe can they be included in urban and rural construction plans. Those that are not included in the plans cannot be built to prevent electromagnetic radiation pollution from the source. "
From another perspective, incorporating it into planning and re-construction will also help protect legal construction and operations and promote the smooth implementation of safe electromagnetic radiation facility projects. Yang Youyi said that when a substation was built in the past, the surrounding people often questioned: when they bought the house, they did not say that a substation would be built nearby; after it was included in the plan, "it was said that it would be discontinued first and then there would be no chaos." Knowing that a substation would be built here in the future, companies could develop real estate and people could buy houses in an all-round way. Consider, solve the difficult problems of legal construction and operation projects, reduce environmental disputes, and ensure the healthy and orderly development of the economy and society.