Introduction to various majors in national science (science, engineering, agriculture and medicine) in 2010?

Introduction to various majors in science, engineering, agriculture and medicine in the country in 2010

1. Automation

This major is a secondary discipline in the engineering category of the "Undergraduate Major Catalog" One of the 32 majors in electrical information. Automation is a discipline that studies automation methods and technical tools, including automatic devices, automation accessories, etc. Automation has also become an important new topic in realizing modern industrialization.

Cultivation objectives: Students trained in this major should have knowledge in a wide range of fields such as electrical technology, electronic technology, control theory, automatic detection and instrumentation, information processing, systems engineering, computer technology and applications, and network technology. With basic engineering technology and certain professional knowledge, you can engage in system analysis, system design, system operation, etc. in the fields of motion control, industrial process control, power electronics technology, detection and automation instrumentation, electronics and computer technology, information processing, management and decision-making, etc. Senior engineering and technical talents working in scientific and technological development and research.

Cultivation requirements: Students in this major must learn basic theories and basic knowledge in electrical technology, electronic technology, control theory information processing, system engineering, automatic detection and instrumentation, computer technology and applications, and network technology. Receive good basic training in engineering practice and have basic abilities in system analysis, design, development and research.

Graduates should acquire the following knowledge and abilities:

① Have a solid foundation in natural sciences, a good foundation in humanities and social sciences, and comprehensive foreign language abilities; ② Master the necessary knowledge in this professional field. Broad technical basic theoretical knowledge, mainly including circuit theory, electronic technology, control theory, information processing, computer software foundation and application, etc.; ③ Have a good grasp of motion control, industrial process control and automation instrumentation, power electronics technology and information processing, etc. Knowledge in this field, possess professional knowledge and skills in 1-2 professional directions in this professional field, and understand the frontiers and development trends of this professional discipline; ④ Obtain better engineering practical training in system analysis, system design and system development; ⑤ In Have certain scientific research, technological development and organizational management capabilities in this professional field, and have strong work adaptability.

Main disciplines: Control Science and Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Technology.

Main courses: circuit principles, basics of electronic technology, computer principles and applications, basics of computer software technology, basics of process work, power electronics technology, automatic control theory, signal and theoretical analysis, etc.

Degree awarded: Bachelor of Engineering.

Employment direction: In the past two years (2005-2006), the employment rates have reached 89.90% and 93.65%. Employment prospects are good.

Looking at the percentage of regional flows from 2005 to 2006, Guangdong took the lead, accounting for 14.33% and 13.07% respectively; followed by Jiangsu, accounting for 9.83% and 11.02%. Looking at the flow of units by nature, state-owned enterprises accounted for 19.74% and 18.52% respectively, followed by other enterprises, accounting for 18.95% and 18.96% respectively. Graduate students admitted accounted for 26.83% and 28.46%, and the average annual employment rate in the two years was 91.78 %.

2. Physics (including normal physics)

This major is one of the three majors in the "Undergraduate Major Catalog": the major category of science and the second-level discipline of physics.

Physics was once the general term for the natural sciences.

Cultivation objectives: This major cultivates students who have mastered the basic theories and methods of physics, have good mathematical foundation and experimental skills, and can engage in scientific research, teaching, technology and related fields in physics or related science and technology fields. Senior professionals in management work.

Cultivation requirements: Students in this major mainly learn the basic laws of material movement, receive training in using physical knowledge and methods to conduct scientific research and technology development, obtain preliminary training in basic research or applied basic research, and have good scientific knowledge. Literacy and certain scientific research and application development capabilities.

Graduates should acquire knowledge and abilities:

① Master the basic theories and basic methods of mathematics, and have high mathematical accomplishment; ② Master solid and systematic basic theories of physics and a broad range of basic knowledge of physics and basic experimental methods, and have certain basic scientific research capabilities and application development capabilities; ③ Understand the general principles and knowledge of similar majors; ④ Understand the frontiers of physics development and the overall trend of scientific development; ⑤ Understand national science and technology, intellectual property and other relevant policies and regulations; ⑥ Master the basic methods of data query, literature retrieval and use of modern information technology to obtain relevant information; have certain experimental design, create experimental conditions, summarize, organize and analyze experimental results, Ability to write papers and participate in academic exchanges.

Main subjects: Physics.

Main courses: advanced mathematics, general physics, mathematical physics methods, theoretical mechanics, thermodynamics and statistical physics, electrodynamics, quantum mechanics, solid state physics, etc., structure and physical properties, introduction to computer physics, etc.

Main practice: including production internship, scientific research training, graduation thesis, etc., generally arranged for 10-20 weeks.

Degree awarded: Bachelor of Science

Employment direction: Engage in physics-related teaching, scientific research and technology management in colleges and secondary schools, scientific research units and other corporate departments.

Employment status: From 2005 to 2006, Guangdong ranked first in the employment direction of graduates, accounting for 13.72% and 19.32%, followed by Shanghai with 7.96% and 9.76%, and Sichuan with 4.54% and 5.78%. Looking at the flow direction according to the nature of the units, in the two years, middle and primary teaching units accounted for 21.06% and 15.49%, and graduate students accounted for 37.72 and 34.38%. The average annual employment rate is 87.59%, and the employment situation is promising.

3. Chemistry

It is listed as one of the four chemistry majors in the science category of the "Undergraduate Major Catalog".

Cultivation objectives: This major cultivates senior professionals with basic knowledge, basic theories and basic skills of chemistry, who can engage in scientific research, teaching technology and related management work in chemistry and chemistry-related science and technology and other fields. Talent.

Cultivation requirements: Students in this major mainly learn basic knowledge, basic theories and basic skills and methods in chemistry, receive basic training in scientific thinking and scientific experiments, and have certain scientific research, applied research and technology management. ability.

Graduates should acquire knowledge and abilities:

① Master basic theories and basic knowledge in mathematics, physics, etc.; ② Master inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry (including instrumental analysis), organic Basic knowledge, basic principles and basic experimental skills of chemistry, physical chemistry (including structural chemistry) and chemical engineering; ③ Understand the general principles and knowledge of similar majors; ④ Understand national policies on scientific research and chemical-related industries, domestic and foreign intellectual property rights ⑤ Understand the theoretical frontiers, application prospects and latest developments in certain fields of chemistry, as well as the development status of chemical-related industries; ⑥ Master the basic methods of Chinese and foreign language data query, literature retrieval and the use of modern information technology to obtain relevant information; Have certain experimental design, create experimental conditions, summarize, reason, analyze experimental results, write theories, and participate in academic exchanges.

Main subjects: Chemistry.

Main courses: inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry (including instrumental analysis), organic chemistry, physical chemistry (including structural chemistry), basics of chemical engineering, etc.

Main practice: including production internship, graduation thesis, etc., generally scheduled for 10-20 weeks.

Employment direction: Graduates are mainly engaged in scientific research related to chemistry, medicine, biotechnology, chemical engineering, materials, environmental protection, etc. in scientific research units, high schools, government departments, high-tech companies and large and medium-sized enterprises. Development, teaching, trading and management jobs.

Degree awarded: Bachelor of Science

Employment status: Looking at the employment flow of graduates from 2005 to 2006, Guangdong accounted for 9.79% and 7.73% in the two years, followed by Shanghai. 8.83% and 8.68%, while Sichuan only accounted for 4.81% and 4.17%. In terms of unit flow, in the two years, middle and primary teaching units accounted for 17.31% and 15.65%, foreign-funded enterprises accounted for 7.10% and 4.46%, other enterprises accounted for 8.51% and 8.64%, and admitted graduate students accounted for 40.11% and 38.97%. The average annual employment rate is 91.29%. Employment prospects are good.

4. Industrial Engineering

This major is one of the 8 majors in the management science and engineering category of the second-level discipline of management in the "Undergraduate Major Catalog". In 2005, the major enrolled 558 students in Sichuan, with 143 first-choice applicants, and the application rate was only 26%. What is industrial engineering? It is the science that studies the design, improvement and practice of unified systems composed of people, raw materials, machinery and equipment. When applying for the exam, you should not ignore it.

Cultivation objectives: This major cultivates students with knowledge, quality and ability in modern engineering and system management, who can engage in planning, design, evaluation and innovation of production, operation, service and other management systems in commercial enterprises. Senior professionals.

Cultivation requirements: Students in this major mainly learn the basic theories and basic knowledge of industrial engineering, receive basic training in applying industrial engineering theories and methods to analyze and solve practical problems, and have the ability to develop and design practical management systems. Initial capabilities.

Graduates should acquire the following knowledge and abilities:

① Master the basic theories and basic knowledge of industrial engineering disciplines; ② Master the analytical methods and management techniques of system management; ③ Have certain engineering skills Basic techniques of disciplines (such as mechanical engineering); ④ Be familiar with relevant guidelines, policies and regulations of economic construction and enterprise management; ⑤ Understand the theoretical frontiers, application prospects and development trends of modern industrial engineering; ⑥ Master the basic methods of literature retrieval and data query , have preliminary abilities in scientific research and practical work.

Main disciplines: management, mechanical engineering (or electronic science and technology, etc.).

Main courses: Basics of electrical technology, basics of mechanical design (or a certain type of engineering design such as electronics and metallurgy), operations research, introduction to systems engineering, management, marketing, accounting and financial management, Management information systems, etc.

Main practice: including metalworking internship, electronic technology internship, production internship, graduation internship, etc., generally arranged for 32 weeks.

Employment direction: Engage in planning, design, evaluation, management and other work of production, operation, service and other systems in enterprises and institutions.

Degree awarded: Bachelor of Management or Engineering

Employment status: Employment of graduates from 2005 to 2006, in terms of regional flow percentage: Jiangsu is the largest, accounting for 24.31 and 24.05%, followed by It is Guangdong, accounting for 18.77 and 23.84%, and Sichuan only accounting for 2.27 and 3.49%. Judging from the percentage of unit flows, foreign-funded enterprises are the first, accounting for 26.50 and 26.52%, and graduate students account for 21.05 and 22.00%. The annual average employment rate of the entire major is 91.40%. As the pace of industrial modernization accelerates, the employment prospects of this major should be broad.

5. Preventive medicine

Preventive medicine is a medicine that studies the prevention and elimination of diseases, pays attention to hygiene, enhances physical fitness, and improves and creates a healthy production environment and production conditions. This subject is listed in the "Undergraduate Major Catalog" as one of the four majors under the second-level preventive medicine category among the 10 disciplines of medicine.

Cultivation objectives: This major cultivates senior medical professionals with basic theoretical knowledge of preventive medicine and health testing technology, who can engage in preventive medicine work in institutions such as health and epidemic prevention, environmental sanitation or food hygiene monitoring.

Cultivation requirements: Students in this major mainly learn the basic theoretical knowledge of basic medicine and preventive medicine, receive basic training in health detection technology and medical disease control, and have the skills to prevent epidemics, control infectious and occupational diseases, and improve the population environment. Basic abilities to maintain sanitary conditions and implement food hygiene supervision.

Graduates should acquire the knowledge and abilities:

① Master the basic theoretical knowledge of preventive medicine and the basic abilities of epidemic prevention work; ② Master the knowledge and skills of people’s labor, life, study, environment and food Basic ability to conduct health testing and supervision; ③ Ability to analyze various factors affecting population health and disease prevalence patterns, and formulate measures and plans to prevent diseases and improve population health; ④ Familiar with national health work guidelines, policies and regulations; ⑤ Be familiar with the basic theoretical knowledge of clinical medicine and prevention and treatment techniques of common and frequently-occurring diseases, and be familiar with health education work; ⑥ Master the basic methods of literature retrieval, data query, computer application and statistical analysis, and have certain scientific research and practical work capabilities.

Employment status: Looking at the regional flow of employment of graduates from 2005 to 2006, Shanghai was the highest, accounting for 20.99% and 13.37% respectively, followed by Sichuan, which accounted for 12.74% and 13.17% respectively.

Looking at the flow of units by nature, in both years, medical units ranked high, accounting for 31.64 and 27.47%; graduate students were mostly admitted, accounting for 33.45 and 29.82%.

6. Science and Technology Defense

This major is an emerging interdisciplinary subject under national key construction.

Cultivation goals: Cultivate senior specialized technical talents in information security and network security protection. This major cultivates all-round development of morality, intelligence, physical and aesthetics, rigorous and loyal professionalism, calm and resourceful adaptability, good physical and mental quality, professional skills in both civil and military skills, mastery of modern defense theories and skills, and the ability to adapt to the defense work of large and medium-sized enterprises and institutions. Requires advanced defense technology and management talents.

Cultivation requirements: Through learning, students will master the necessary professional theoretical knowledge and technical skills, and be competent in the operation and management of enterprises and institutions (confidential personnel, finance, important documents, important facilities and important leaders) Security and defense work and the establishment, maintenance, use and management of modern enterprise and institution defense systems.

Main courses: electronic technology, computer applications, computer network basics, defense psychology, criminal psychology, target defense, VIP defense and personal defense technology, light weapons, introduction to security and defense, foreign-related security and defense, Computer crime, criminal law, economic law, foreign-related laws and regulations, enterprise security management, computer application in defense, defense system design, etc.

Employment direction: modern security and defense supervisor of large and medium-sized enterprises and institutions; security and protection work of enterprise and institution systems: security and defense work of important personnel; enterprise and institution operation management (personnel, finance, key parts, important documents , important facilities, etc.); the establishment, maintenance, use and management of modern enterprise and institution defense systems.

Employment status: Emerging disciplines, there is no graduate employment data record. According to relevant disciplines such as electronic information engineering, the employment rates from 2005 to 2006 were 87.93 and 91.63% respectively, which can be used as a reference for candidates.

7. Information countermeasures technology

This is an emerging interdisciplinary subject that serves economic construction, national defense and security.

This major is one of the seven majors in the weapon category of the second-level discipline of engineering in the "Undergraduate Major Catalog".

Cultivation objectives: This major cultivates basic theoretical knowledge and technical comprehensive capabilities in offensive and defensive information warfare technology systems and decision support systems, as well as civilian information security protection, and can be used in scientific research units and colleges and universities. , senior engineering and technical talents engaged in system design, technology development, operation management and security protection in the information industry and its use management departments.

Cultivation requirements: Students in this major mainly study the basic theories and basic knowledge of various information countermeasures weapon systems and their decision support systems and security protection technologies, and are subject to system design, technology development, combat application, security protection and Basic training in operations management, with basic capabilities in system analysis and comprehensive integration, engineering design and military applications, offensive and defensive strategies, and monitoring and management.

Graduates should acquire knowledge and abilities:

① Master the basic theories and basic knowledge of information science, electronics and computer science; ② Master information countermeasures technology systems and their decision support and safety protection system analysis and design methods and development technologies; ③ Have the basic ability to use computers and instruments to solve engineering and technical problems; ④ Be familiar with the guidelines, policies and regulations related to national security and national defense construction, as well as relevant international laws and regulations; ⑤ Understand the theoretical frontiers, application prospects and development trends in the field of information warfare and information weapon system countermeasures; ⑥ Master the basic methods of literature retrieval and data query, and have certain scientific research and practical work capabilities.

Main disciplines: Information and Communication Engineering, Electronic Science and Technology, Control Science and Engineering.

Main courses: Information countermeasures system analysis and design, information countermeasures strategies, electronic countermeasures technology, photoelectric countermeasures technology, network countermeasures technology, microwave engineering foundation, computer software and hardware countermeasures technology, CI principles and countermeasures technology, etc. .

Main practice: including electronics technology internship, computer operation, professional course design, production internship, graduation project, etc., generally arranged for 28 weeks.

8. Aircraft Manufacturing Engineering

This major is one of the six majors in the "Aerospace" category of secondary disciplines in the "Undergraduate Major Catalog".

Any machine or device that can fly off the ground is called an aircraft. It is divided into two categories, namely atmospheric aircraft and outer space aircraft (i.e. spacecraft). It is a high-tech discipline that studies, designs and manufactures aircraft.

Cultivation goals: Cultivate senior engineering technology and management talents engaged in design, manufacturing, research, development and management in the field of flight equipment manufacturing.

Cultivation requirements: Students in this major mainly learn basic knowledge of natural sciences, basic theories of manufacturing engineering and basic theories and knowledge of aircraft manufacturing, and through various practical teaching links, students are trained to apply the basic knowledge they have learned. and skills, the ability to analyze and solve practical problems in the aircraft manufacturing process.

Graduates should acquire knowledge and abilities:

① Master basic theories and basic knowledge in mathematics, mechanics, mechanics, materials science, electrical and electronic technology, and computer technology; ② Master the aircraft parts processing and forming process procedures, aircraft assembly process procedures, and the design technology of related process equipment and equipment; ③ Have the basic capabilities of technical and economic analysis and production organization management in the modern aircraft manufacturing process; ④ Be familiar with the guidelines and policies of aircraft manufacturing and regulations; ⑤ Understand the development dynamics and trends of modern aircraft manufacturing technology; ⑥ Master the basic methods of literature retrieval and data query, and have a certain ability to engage in new technology research and development within the scope of this major.

Main disciplines: mechanical engineering, electronic science and technology, materials science and engineering.

Main courses: theoretical mechanics, materials mechanics, mechanical principles, mechanical design, aerospace engineering materials, electrical and electronic technology, computer technology, metal plastic forming principles, mold design and manufacturing, aircraft parts processing and forming technology wait.

Main practice: including metalworking internship, mechanical course design, computer application, professional course design, comprehensive experiment, electronic circuit internship, production internship and graduation project.

Degree awarded: Bachelor of Engineering

Employment direction: Engaged in aircraft design, research and production, experiments, operation and maintenance, and technical management in aviation, aerospace and other departments.

Employment status: The regional flow of employment from 2005 to 2006 was led by Beijing, accounting for 14.80 and 10.48%, followed by Shaanxi, accounting for 13.27 and 16.19%, and Sichuan for 5.61 and 11.90%. Flow of units: In the past two years, state-owned enterprises accounted for 33.66 and 24.92%, postgraduate entrance examination students accounted for 29.45 and 31.23%, and the average annual employment rate was 93.57%.

9. Mechanical Engineering and Automation

This major is one of the 11 majors in the mechanical engineering category of the third-level discipline in the "Undergraduate Major Catalog". It is an engineering automation discipline that uses multidisciplinary knowledge to study, design, manufacture and use various types of machines and mechanical equipment.

Cultivation objectives: This major cultivates students with basic knowledge and application capabilities in mechanical design, manufacturing, and automation, who can engage in design, manufacturing, technology development, application research, and application research in the field of mechanical engineering and automation on the front line of industrial production. Senior technical talents working in operations management, business sales and other aspects.

Cultivation requirements: Students in this major mainly study the basic theories of mechanical design and manufacturing, receive basic training in modern mechanical engineering technology, and have the basic ability to engage in mechanical design, manufacturing and production management and control.

Graduates should acquire the following knowledge and abilities:

① Have a solid foundation in natural sciences, a good foundation in humanities, arts and social sciences, and the correct use of native language and written expressions Ability; ② Systematically master the broad technical and theoretical basic knowledge in this professional field, mainly including basic knowledge of mechanics, mechanics, electrical engineering and electronics, fluid mechanics, engineering thermodynamics, market economy and business management; ③ Possess the necessary skills for this major Basic skills such as drawing, calculation, testing, literature retrieval and basic process operations, as well as strong computer and foreign language application abilities; ④ Have the necessary professional knowledge for a certain professional direction in this professional field to understand its scientific frontiers and development trends; ⑤ Be willing to Have strong self-learning ability, innovative awareness and high overall quality.

Main subjects: mechanics, mechanical engineering

Main courses: engineering mechanics, mechanical design foundation, engineering thermodynamics, modern control theory, material processing technology equipment, testing technology, computer series courses, Basic theory courses in business management, electrical engineering and electronic technology.

Main practice: including military training, metalworking, electrician, electronic internship, awareness internship, production internship, social practice, curriculum design, graduation project (thesis), etc., generally more than 40 weeks should be arranged.

Degree awarded: Bachelor of Engineering.

Employment direction: Graduates can engage in design, manufacturing, management, marketing, scientific research and teaching in relevant enterprises, scientific research units, state agencies and institutions of higher learning.

Employment status: According to statistics from 2005 to 2006 and related majors such as "Engineering Equipment and Control Engineering", the regional flow of graduates: Guangdong accounted for 21.66 and 13.55%, Beijing accounted for 11.84 and 4.92%, and Sichuan Only 3.13 and 4.32%/. Flow direction by nature of unit: state-owned enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises accounted for 24.62 and 26.75%, and other enterprises accounted for 19.24 and 16.71%. The overall employment rate reached 94.43%.

10. Biological Science and Biotechnology

This major belongs to two of the 11 majors in the second-level biological science category of the science category.

Cultivation objectives: To cultivate students with basic theories, basic knowledge and experimental skills of biological science and biotechnology, who can work in factories, medicine, food, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, environmental protection, gardening and other enterprises and institutions. Senior professionals engaged in applied research, technology development, production management and administrative management related to biological sciences and biotechnology, as well as teachers who can conduct teaching and research in various scientific research institutions, colleges and secondary schools.

Cultivation requirements: Mainly study the basic theories and basic knowledge of biological science and biotechnology, receive scientific thinking and scientific experimental training in basic research and applied basic research, and have good scientific literacy and preliminary Basic abilities in teaching, research, development and management.

Main courses: animal biology, plant biology, microbial biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, immunobiology, genetic engineering, protein and enzyme engineering, fermentation engineering and cell engineering Molecular, biology, agricultural microbiology, general microbiology, biochemistry, genetics tutorials, plant cell engineering principles and techniques, plant cell tissue culture, botany, biological science and biotechnology, etc.

Employment direction: Graduates can engage in research and development work in the fields of science, industry, agriculture, medicine, environment, etc., as well as teaching and scientific research work in colleges and universities, and can also engage in the development of biological high-tech industries. , management and economic and trade work.

Degree awarded: Bachelor of Science degree

Employment status: Judging from the situation in 2005 and 2006, Jiangsu is the largest major in biological sciences, accounting for 14.43 and 10.13% respectively. Biotechnology majors, regional flow, Hubei first, accounting for 14.09 and 13.48% respectively. In terms of the flow of units, for the biological sciences major, in the past two years, primary and secondary teaching units accounted for 11.88 and 8.52%; other enterprises accounted for 9.91 and 10.09%; and graduate students enrolled accounted for 44.14 and 42.19%. For the biotechnology major, in the two years, state-owned enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises accounted for 6.68 and 8.47%; other enterprises accounted for 14.80 and 13.37%; admitted graduate students accounted for 42.60 and 41.56%. The average annual employment rate is 87.49% for the former major and 83.1% for the latter major.