1, PVC plastic window JG/T30 18-94
2. Testing Method for Mechanical Force of Building External Windows (GB9 158-88)
3. Classification and Test Method for Wind Pressure Resistance of Building External Windows GB/T7 106-2002
4. Classification and Testing Method for Airtightness of Building External Windows GB/T7 107-2002
5. Classification and Testing Method of Watertightness of Building External Windows GB/T7 108-2002
Second, the test content:
1, size deviation
2. Opening force
3. Wind pressure resistance
4, air tightness
5. Impermeability
Testing equipment: XMCY-C door and window detector, tape measure and dynamometer.
Fourth, the test details:
4. 1: Appearance quality: the surface of the window should be smooth, the color should be basically uniform, there should be no cracks and bubbles, the weld should be smooth, and there should be no defects such as scars and impurities that affect the use.
4.2: Dimensional deviation:
4.2. 1: See table for the allowable deviation of the overall dimensions of window frames and sashes.
Window size deviation mm
Size range of window height and width
300-900
90 1- 1500
1502-2000
& gt2000
Allowable deviation of window size
≤2.0
≤ 2.5
≤ 3.0
≤ 3.5
Differences in diagonal dimensions
≤3.0
Quality of hardware fittings, sealing strips, etc. It should be compatible with the quality of windows.
4.3 Opening force:
4.3. 1 Sample number and sampling method:
The number of samples in the same window is three. The sample selection method is random sampling or selective delivery.
4.3.2 Sample requirements:
The test piece shall be the qualified product of the manufacturer, and no additional parts or special assembly process shall be attached.
A, specimen inlay should comply with the design requirements, or according to the relevant specifications.
(If abnormal glass breakage occurs during the test due to glass quality problems or mosaic quality not meeting the requirements of relevant specifications, it shall be re-determined. )
B, glass thickness, model and mosaic mode should comply with the provisions of the manufacturer.
4.3.3 Installation of samples:
The installation of the specimen should be close to the actual stress in use, and the installed specimen should conform to the design standard state, such as the window surface should be vertical and the lower frame should be horizontal, and deformation due to installation is not allowed.
4.3.4 Detection method:
Opening force of window sash:
4.3.4. 1 static: unlock the sash, but do not open the sash. Apply static force to the handle or control device in the opening direction, and measure the minimum static force that can open the window.
4.3.4.2 force: If the static force exceeds the specified value, it is necessary to yank the window sash to open it. The following dynamic tests should be conducted.
Pull the window sash with the force generated by the free fall of 50N weight, and determine the falling height (unit mm) of the weight that can open the window sash.
The weight is tied on a steel wire rope with a length of 1m and a diameter of 2-3mm, which consists of seven strands of steel wire, and the other end of the steel wire rope is connected with a handle or a control device. When measuring, first loosen the lock of the window sash, and then electrify it in the opening direction.
The force (static force) required for 4.3.4.3 to move the window sash.
Move the window frame slowly and measure the force applied during the movement.
Record the maximum and minimum forces required during opening and closing.
4.4 Air tightness:
4.4. 1 test preparation:
4.4. 1. 1 number of specimens:
At least three samples with the same window type and size shall be tested.
4.4. 1.2 Requirements of the sample:
The test piece shall be a qualified product produced according to the provided drawings or a developed test piece. Shall not be attached with any superfluous.
Parts or adopt special assembly technology or improvement measures;
A, specimen inlay should comply with the design requirements;
B, the specimen must be assembled and assembled according to the design requirements, and keep it clean and dry.
4.4. 1.3 specimen installation:
The test piece shall be installed on the mosaic frame. Mosaic frame should have sufficient rigidity;
A, the connection between the specimen and the mosaic frame should be firm and sealed. The installed sample should be vertical and the lower frame should be horizontal. Liquidation due to installation is not allowed.
B, after the installation of the specimen, the specimen can be switched on and off for 5 times, and finally closed.
4.4.2 Detection method:
4.4.2. 1 Pre-pressurization:
Three additional pressure pulses are applied before positive pressure and negative pressure detection. The absolute value of pressure difference is 500Pa, the loading speed is about 100Pa/S/s ... the pressure stabilizing time is 3s, and the pressure releasing time is not less than1s.. After the pressure difference returns to zero, switch all openable parts of the specimen for 5 times, and finally close it tightly.
4.4.2.2 detection procedure:
A determination of additional permeability: completely seal the openable gap and embedded gap on the test piece, or tightly cover the opening of the box with the cover plate of airtight cover. Additional air permeability refers to the air permeability through the equipment, mosaic frame and connecting joints between components in addition to the air permeability through the specimen itself.
B determination of total penetration depth: remove the sealing measures added under the sample or open the sealing cover plate for detection. The detection procedure is the same as a.
4.4.3 Processing of test values:
Calculation method:
Calculate the average value of two additional permeability measurements under the pressure difference of 100Pa during the pressure increase and pressure decrease, respectively? Qf and the average of two total permeability measurements? Qx, the air permeability qt(m3/h) of the window specimen itself under the pressure difference of 100Pa can be calculated according to the formula (1):
qt=？ qx-？ qf ……( 1)
Then the qt is converted into the permeability q' = 293/101.3 qtp/t ... (2)
Where: q '- air permeability of sample in standard state, m3/h;
P—— laboratory pressure value, Kpa；;
T—— laboratory air temperature value, k;
Qt—— fixed value of permeability measurement of specimen, m3/h.
Divide the value of q' by the open seam length L of the specimen, and you can get the value of air permeability q' 100Pa per unit open seam length, which is the formula (3):
q' 1=q'/l ……(3)
Still will
The value of q' is divided by the area a of the specimen to obtain the value of air permeability m3/(m2h) per unit area at 100Pa, which is the formula (4).
q'2=q'/A ……(4)
Positive pressure and negative pressure are calculated according to formulas (1)-(4) respectively.
Determination of 4.4.3.2 Grading Index Value
In order to ensure the accuracy of grading index values, the measured value q' 1 or q'2 under pressure difference is detected by 100Pa, and converted into the corresponding value q 1(m3/(mh)) or Q2 (0) under pressure difference according to formula (5) or (6).
q 1=q' 1/4.65 ……(5)
q2=q'2/4.65 ……(6)
Where: Q' 1- 100 Pa, air permeability per unit joint, m3/(MH);
≤- 10pa, air permeability per unit joint length under pressure difference, m3/(MH);
Air permeability per unit area under pressure difference of Q' 2- 100 Pa, m3/(m2h);
Q2- 10pa pressure difference, air permeability per unit area, m3/(m2h).
Finally, the unfavorable grade of the two is taken as the grade of this group of specimens. Positive and negative pressure measurements are scored separately.
Classification:
4.4.4. 1 grading index:
Taking permeability q 1 per unit length of coal seam and permeability q2 per unit area with pressure difference of 10Pa as grading indexes.
4.4.4.2 grading index value:
grade
1
2
three
four
five
Grading index value of unit seam length q 1/m3/(mh)
6.0≥q 1 & gt； 4.0
4.0≥q 1 & gt； 2.5
2.5≥q 1 & gt； 1.5
1.5≥q 1 & gt； 0.5
q 1≤0.5
Classification index value of unit coal seam length q2/m3/(m2h)
18≥Q2 & gt； 12
12≥Q2 & gt； 7.5
7.5≥Q2 & gt； 4.5
4.5≥Q2 & gt； 1.5
q2≤ 1.5
4.5 Watertightness:
4.5. 1 test preparation
4.5. 1. 1 number of specimens: at least three specimens with the same window type and specifications shall be measured.
4.5. 1.2 sample requirements:
(a) The test piece shall be a qualified product or a development test piece produced by the manufacturer according to the provided drawings. Do not attach any redundant parts or adopt special assembly technology or improvement measures;
(b) Specimen inlay shall meet the design requirements;
(c) The specimen must be assembled according to the design requirements and assembled in good condition. Keep it clean and dry.
4.5. 1.3 sample installation:
(a) The test piece shall be installed on the mosaic frame. Mosaic frame should have sufficient rigidity;
(b) The connection between the specimen and the inlay shall be firm and sealed. The installed sample should be vertical and the lower frame should be horizontal. Deformation due to installation is not allowed;
(c) After the specimen is installed, the surface shall not be stained with impurities such as oil stain;
(d) After the sample is installed, the openable part of the sample should be opened and closed five times. Finally, turn it off.
4.5.2 Detection method:
Stable pressurization and fluctuating pressurization can be used respectively. When grading inspection and the project is located in non-tropical storm and typhoon areas, the stable pressurization method is adopted; If the project is located in tropical storm and typhoon area, the fluctuating pressurization method should be adopted.
4.5.2. 1 stable pressurization method:
(a) Pre-pressurization: three pressure pulses are applied. The pressure difference is 500 Pa. The loading speed is about 100Pa/s, the pressure stabilizing time is 3s, and the pressure relieving time is not less than1s.. After the pressure difference returns to zero, switch all the openings of the specimen for 5 times, and finally close them tightly; Spray water: spray water evenly on the whole specimen. The amount of drenching water is 2l/(m2 min);
Pressurization: when spraying water stably, serious leakage occurs when pressurizing to classification inspection, and pressurizing to set index value during engineering inspection;
(b) Observation: During the step-by-step boosting and continuous operation, observe and record the leakage with reference to the table.
Stable pressurization sequence table
Pressurization sequence
1
2
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
10
1 1
Detection pressure/Pa
100
150
200
250
300
350
celebrity
500
600
700
Duration/minute
10
five
five
five
five
five
five
five
five
five
five
Note: When the test pressure exceeds 700Pa, the interval of each stage is still 100Pa.
Symbol table for recording leaks
Leakage situation
sign
Water droplets appear in the window.
zero
The water drops are connected in a line, but they will not seep out of the interface of the specimen.
□
Local small splash
△
Splash out of the window specimen interface
▲
Water overflow window sample interface
●
Note 1: The last two items in the table are serious leaks.
Note 2: This table is used for the test results of stable pressurization and fluctuating pressurization.
Processing of test value
When each sample leaks seriously, record the detected pressure difference. Take the previous detection pressure difference of pressure difference during serious leakage as the detection value of water tightness of the specimen. If the test value confirmed by the entrusting party is not leaked, this value is the test value of the specimen.
The comprehensive method of the water tightness test values of three specimens is: generally, the arithmetic average of the test values of three specimens is taken. If the difference between the highest value and the middle value among the three detected values exceeds two detected pressure levels, the highest value is reduced to two detected pressure levels higher than the middle value, and then the arithmetic average is performed. (If the smaller two of the three detected values are equal, any one of them can be regarded as an intermediate value).
Finally, the comprehensive detection values of the three windows are used for cascading. The comprehensive detection value should be greater than or equal to the grading index value.
classify
4.5.4. 1 grading index
The previous pressure with serious leakage pressure difference is used as the classification index. The grading index value △P is listed in the table.
╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳958
Watertightness classification table of building exterior windows
grade
1
2
three
four
five
╳╳╳╳
Grading index △P
100≤△P & lt； 150
150≤△P & lt； 250
250≤△P & lt； 350
350≤△P & lt； 500△P
500≤△P & lt； 700
△P≥700
1) ╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳╳958
4.6 Wind pressure resistance
4.6. 1 test preparation
4.6. 1. 1 number of specimens
At least three samples of the same window type and size shall be tested.
4.6. 1.2 sample requirements
The test piece shall be a qualified product produced according to the provided drawings or a developed test piece. Do not attach any redundant accessories or adopt special assembly technology or improvement measures.
The specimen must be assembled according to the design requirements and kept clean and dry.
4.6. 1.3 sample installation
The test piece shall be installed on the mosaic frame. Mosaic frame should have sufficient rigidity;
The connection between the specimen and the mosaic frame shall be firm and sealed. The installed sample should be vertical and the lower frame should be horizontal. Deformation due to installation is not allowed;
After the specimen is installed, the openable part of the specimen should be switched on and off for 5 times and finally closed.
4.6.2 Detection method
Determining measuring points and installing displacement meters
Install the displacement meter at the specified position. The measuring point position is defined as: the middle measuring point is at the midpoint of the test bar; Distance between measuring points at both ends and midpoint of pole endpoint 10mm. When it is difficult to determine the component with the largest relative deflection of the sample, two or more test components can also be selected and measured separately.
4.6.2.2, prepare to pressurize.
Before positive deformation and negative deformation detection, three pressure pulses, pressure difference P, are provided respectively. The absolute value is 500 Pa,
The loading speed is about 100Pa/s, the pressure stabilizing time is 3s, and the pressure relieving time is not less than1s..
4.6.2.3 deformation detection
Carry out positive pressure detection first, and then carry out negative pressure detection. Detect the gradual increase and decrease of pressure. The differential pressure of each lifting stage is not more than 250Pa, and the stable action time of each differential pressure is about 10s. The pressure shall rise and fall until the surface normal deflection reaches L/300, which shall not exceed 2000Pa. Record the normal displacement of the surface under each pressure difference. According to the pressure value when the detected pressure level reaches the L/300 plane normal deflection, the relative relationship between pressure difference and deformation is used as the deformation detection pressure difference, and the difference corresponding to the L/300 plane normal deflection is obtained, which is recorded as P 1. In engineering inspection, when the pressure difference corresponding to the normal deflection of l/300 plane has exceeded P ′ 3, the inspection should be carried out to P ′ 3.
The normal deflection of the midpoint plane of the bar can be calculated according to the following formula:
B=(b-b0)-(a-a0)+(c-c0)
2
Where: a0, B0C0 —————— For the stable initial reading of each measurement after pressurization, mm;
ABC-stable reading in the process of detecting a certain horizontal pressure difference, mm;
B -- for the surface normal deflection of the measuring point in the middle of the bar.
Repeated pressure detection
Before the test, the displacement meter can be removed and safety facilities installed.
The detection pressure rises from zero to P2, and then drops to zero, P2 = 1.5p 1, not exceeding 3000Pa, and it is repeated for 5 times. Then from zero to -P2 and then to zero, -P2 = 1.5 (-P 1), no more than -3000Pa, repeated for 5 times. The pressurization speed is 300 Pa/s-500 Pa/s, the pressure relief time is not less than 1s, and the pressure difference time is 3s each time. When the engineering design value is less than 2.5 times P 1, repeat pressure detection with 0.6 times the engineering design value.
After repeated positive and negative pressurization, the specimen can be switched on and off for 5 times, and finally the head is tightened. Injury, dysfunction and location were recorded during the test.
4.6.4 Classification inspection or engineering inspection
4.6.4. 1 Graded detection: make the detection pressure rise from zero to zero, P3 = 2.5p 1. Then it drops to -P3, and then rises to zero.
—P3=2.5(-P 1). The pressurization speed is 300 Pa/s-500 Pa/s, the pressure relief time is not less than 1s, and the duration is 3s. After positive and negative pressurization, the specimen can be turned on and off for 5 times and finally closed. And record the damage and dysfunction parts in the test.
4.6.4.2 engineering inspection: when the engineering design is less than or equal to 2.5 P 1 time, it shall be subject to engineering inspection. press
When the force is added to the engineering design value p'3, it will drop to zero, then to -p'3 and then to zero. The pressurization speed is 300 Pa/s-500 Pa/s, the pressure relief time is not less than 1s, and the duration is 3s. After adding positive and negative values, switch the initial part of the specimen five times, and finally close it tightly. And record the damage and dysfunction parts in the test. When the engineering design value is greater than 2.5P 1, the engineering inspection is changed to grading inspection.
When the sample is damaged in 4.6.4.3 test, record the pressure value when the sample is damaged.
Evaluation of test results
Evaluation of deformation detection
When the surface normal deflection reaches l/300, the pressure difference P 1 is indicated.
Evaluation of 4.6.5.2 Repeated Pressurization Test
If the sample has no dysfunction or damage, indicate P'2 or P' 2; If the test specimen has dysfunction or injury, record the dysfunction, injury and the location where it occurs, and grade it according to the previous pressure difference when the test specimen has dysfunction or injury. In engineering inspection, if there is functional obstacle or pressure difference when it is damaged, it is judged that the external window does not meet the engineering design requirements.
Evaluation of Graded Detection in 4.6.5.3
When the specimen has no dysfunction or damage, indicate the P3 value and grade it according to the smaller absolute value of P3. If the sample shows dysfunction or damage after the test, record the dysfunction or damage and its location. Classification is carried out by the pressure difference in the previous stage, which corresponds to the pressure difference when the sample is dysfunctional or damaged.
4.6.5.4 engineering inspection and evaluation
When there is no dysfunction or damage to the specimen, the value of P ′ 3 should be indicated, and it is judged that it meets the engineering design requirements. Otherwise, it is judged that it does not meet the engineering design requirements. If the value of 2.5 times P 1 is lower than the engineering design requirements, the grading test will be conducted to give the grade, but it cannot be judged as meeting the engineering design requirements.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Three Specimens in 4.6.5.5
During grading inspection, the minimum grading value of the three specimens shall be the grading value of the specimens of this grade. During engineering inspection, all three specimens must meet the design requirements.
classify
Grading index +0
The pressure difference detected by classification is used as the classification index. The grading index value P3 is listed in table 1.
See GBJ50009 for the specific method of 4.6.6.2 P3 value and wind load standard value Wk of this project.
Classification table of wind pressure resistance performance of building external windows
Grading code
1
2
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
╳? ╳ a)
Grading index value P3
1.0≤P3 & lt； 1.5
1.5≤P3 & lt； 2.0
2.0≤P3 & lt； 2.5
2.5≤P3 & lt； 3.0
3.0≤P3 & lt； 3.5
3.5≤P3 & lt； 4.0
4.0≤P3 & lt； 4.5
4.5≤P3 & lt； 5.0
P3≥5.0
A) in the table? ╳ refers to replacing the grading code with a specific value of ≥ 5.0kpa.
References:
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